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The Effect of Macronutrient Restrictions on Gut Microbiome and Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 286-310页

作者： bl.ndine ngum shu Bernard Tiencheu Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng Deffo Ngongang Flore Tiepma Dibanda Romelle Feumba Yolandia Jamea Nganje Epanty Lyonga Agnes Namondo Mbongo Aduni Ufuan Achidi Department of Public Health and Administration School of Health Sciences Biaka University Institut of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Macronutrients serve as a source of energy for both gut microbiota and its host. An increase or decrease in macronutrients can either increase or decrease the composition of gut microbiota, leading to gut dysbiosis which has been implicated in many diseases state including non-communicable diseases. To achieve this, seven diets were formulated by restricting 60% of each macronutrient. These diets were fed on 42 albino rats (Wistar), divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 was fed on a normal laboratory chow diet (ND), group 2 received a fat-restricted diet (FRD), group 3 received a protein-restricted diet, (PFD), group 4 received a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD), group 5 received a protein and fat-restricted diet (PFRD), group 6 re-ceived a carbohydrate and fat-restricted diet (CFRD) and group 7 received a carbohydrate and protein-restricted diet (CPRD). Feed and water intake were given ad libitum and daily weight and food intake were recorded. The experiment went on for 4 weeks after which animals were sacrificed and intestinal content and blood were collected for analysis (gut microbial composition, glucose, insulin levels, serum lipid, and enzyme). Compared to the control group results showed a decrease in Bacteroides (40.50 - 14.00 CFU), HDL (68.20 - 40.40 mg/dl), and AST (66.62 - 64.74 U/L) in FRD. An increase in AST (66.6 - 69.43 U/L), Bifidobacterial (59.50 - 92.00 CFU) and decreased Bacteroides (40.5 - 19.5 CFU) for PRD was also recorded. CRD reduced Lactobacillus (73 - 33.5 CFU), total bacterial count (129 - 48 CFU), HDL (68.2 - 30.8 mg/dl), and cholesterol (121.44 - 88.65 mg/dl) whereas intestinal composition of E. coli (30.5 - 51.5 CFU) increased. PFRD increased Lactobacillus (73.00 - 102.5 CFU), Bifidobacterial (59.5 - 100 CFU), HDL (68.2 - 74.7 mg/dl), and Triglyceride (111.67 - 146.67 mg/dl) concentration. Meanwhile, a reduction in Bifidobacterial (59.5 - 41.5 CFU), and an increasing of AST (66.62 - 70.30 U/l) were recorded for CFRD. However,

关键词： Diets Dysbiosis Gut Microbiome Lipid Profile Serum Enzymes Non-Communicable Disease Gut Microbiota Gut Dysbiosis Restricted Diet

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Characteristics and outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma by region in Thailand: A nationwide study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第39期23卷 7160-7167页

作者： Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Wirichada Pan-ngum Kittiyod Poovorawan Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri Sombat Treeprasertsuk Kamthorn Phaosawasdi Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital De-partment of Tropical Hygiene Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Vichaiyut Hospital and Medical Center

AIM To identify the potential risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma, we determined the characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma patients among 5 different regions of Thailand. METHODS All patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma between 2008 and 2013 were identified using the Nationwide Hospital Admission Data registry(n = 39421). Baseline characteristics, comorbidities and survival were abstracted. RESULTS The annual incidence during the study period was stable in all regions. Most patients lived in the Northeast(62.8%), followed by the North(16.9%), Central(12.3%), Bangkok(5.4%), and South(n = 2.6%) regions(P ble trend over time. CONCLUSION Diabetes and chronic liver diseases may be associated with cholangiocarcinoma in the Thai population.

关键词： Bile duct cancer Population-based study Epidemiology Liver fluke infection

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Biodiversity and Distribution of Aspergillus and Their Toxins in Maize from Western and Eastern Regions of South Africa

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第3期12卷 121-149页

作者： ngum Queenta Nji Adetunji Modupeade Christianah Ateba Collins Njie Mwanza Mulunda Department of Microbiology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North West University Mafikeng Campus Mmabatho South Africa Department of Biological Sciences Trinity University Yaba Lagos Nigeria Food Security and Food Safety Niche Area Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology North-West University Mmabatho South Africa Department of Animal Health Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology North West University Mafikeng Campus Mmabatho South Africa

Aspergillus species and aflatoxins production are more prevalent during times of high heat and drought. In South Africa, there is frequent occurrence of drought as a result of climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodiversity and distribution of Aspergillus species with their corresponding toxins in maize from main maize producing regions of South Africa;[Western Regions (WR) and Eastern Regions (ER)]. One hundred and twenty-three (64 from WR and 59 from ER) maize samples from the two agro-climatic regions in South Africa were analyzed using cultural, molecular and analytical methods. Across agro-climatic regions, Aspergillus species contaminated about 62% of the maize samples, while Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent (47.15%) followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (4.69%) while the least was Aspergillus parasiticus (0.81%). The Western Regions showed a higher distribution of varieties of Aspergillus species compared to the Eastern Regions. Aflatoxins contaminated only 27.64% of the maize samples with a mean total aflatoxin concentration of 2.40 μg/kg which is below the South Africa’s set standard for total aflatoxin in food (5 μg/kg). About 10.57% of the samples produce aflatoxins above the 5 μg/kg permissible limit for total aflatoxin in foods. The ratio of toxigenic to atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus was generally low in all the regions of South Africa. This study could aid policy makers to make informed decisions in developing remediation strategies for Aspergillus mycotoxins.

关键词： Aspergillus Species Aflatoxins Maize Aflatoxicity Agro-Climatic South Africa

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Assessing the Correlation between Forest Degradation and Climate Variability in the Oluwa Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第4期9卷 371-390页

作者： Felix Ndukson Buba Efron Nduke Gajere Ferdinand Fang ngum African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in English (ARCSSTE-E) Obafemi Awolowo University Campus Ile-Ife Nigeria National Centre for Remote Sensing (NCRS) Jos Nigeria Societe d’Exploitation Forester Yond Dong (SEFYD) Congo Brazzaville

Between 1981 and 1994, Nigeria lost 3.7 million hectares of its forests. It is estimated that less than 4% of Nigeria’s rainforest cover is left. Reckless use and abuse of the forest reserves in Nigeria lead to degradation. However, the relationship between forest degradation and climate variability has not been clearly elucidated. This study assesses the trend of forest degradation between 1986, 2002 and 2014 in the study area and also examines the correlation between forest degradation and climate variability using temperature and rainfall parameters. Classification of Landsat images (TM 1986, ETM+ 2002, and OLI 2014) and change analysis using NDVI values of three-timed period were performed to observe forest degradation in the study area. NDVI values were calculated by combining bands 4 (near infrared) and 3 (visible red) for Landsat TM and ETM+ and bands 5 (near infrared) and 4 (visible red) for Landsat OLI using the spatial analysis extension in ArcGIS environment Linear regression statistical analysis was employed to determine the correlation between forest degradation and climate variability. The results show a fluctuation in the trend of forest degradation, while a positive correlation coefficient of 0.58 shows that there is a relationship between forest degradation and temperature and rainfall variability. The study concludes that though there is a positive correlation between forest degradation and climate variability in the study area, the relationship is weak and not strong enough to make generalizations.

关键词： Forest Degradation Temperature Rainfall NDVI Regression Analysis

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Characterization by PCR of Escherichia coli from Beef and Chicken Used in Restaurants in YaoundéCameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第5期10卷 54-63页

作者： Justin Ledoux Tanke Fanjip Jean Paul Kengne Chedjou Palmer Masumbe Netongo Serge Eyébé Mbu’u Mbanwi Cyrille Aristid Ekollo ngum Lesley ngum Carolle Eyébé Nsa’amang Ahmadou Hamadjam Alkaïssou Wilfred Fon Mbacham The Biotechnology Center University of Yaoundé I Nkolbisson Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Ministry of Livestock Fisheries and Animal Industries Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon School of Science Navajo Technical University Crownpoint USA Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Microbiology Parasitology Hematology and Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Meat constitutes the main source of protein and occupies an important place in our diet. Indeed, the production of poultry and beef has increased. However, the hygienic quality of meat is not always guaranteed. Microorganisms such as Escherichia coli can be found in meat and can cause various infections including diarrhea, dysentery, food poisoning, gastroenteritis or typhoid fever. Thus, the present study was designed to characterize Escherichia coli (E. coli) from beef and chicken consumed in restaurants in Yaoundé Cameroon. A total of 105 meat samples (60 beef and 45 chickens) were subjected to microbial culture for E. coli isolation and further confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using primers EC-F and EC-R that are specific to E. coli 16S rRNA gene. The supplier source, storage, and transport conditions were taken into consideration during sample analysis and data processing. This study revealed that 77/105 samples (73.33%) were positive for E. coli following microbial culture and 35 (33.33%) were positive for E. coli following molecular examination. A statistically significant difference was observed when PCR and microbial culture were used to assess for E. coli in beef and a non-statistically significant difference was observed in the case of chicken meat. Also, a statistically significant difference was noticed with the different transport conditions, but this wasn’t the case with the supplier source as well as the storage conditions where a non-statistically significant difference was seen. This study revealed that PCR-based methods are fast and reliable in the identification and characterization of Escherichia coli in meats (beef and chicken) as well as in assessing the prevalence of pathogenic E. coli, in Cameroon.

关键词： Characterization Prevalence E. coli Meat Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

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Anatomy of Eastern Niger Rift Basin with Specific References of Its Petroleum Systems

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International Journal of Geosciences 2020年第5期11卷 305-324页

作者： Kabir Shola Ahmed Keyu Liu Mioumnde Arthur Paterne Kouassi Louis Kra Abigail Adu-Asante Kuttin Kue Petou Rokis Malquaire Kusi Micheline Michelle-Alexia ngum Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China Laboratory of Ore Processing Institute of Geological and Mining Research Yaoundé Cameroon National Institute of Cartography Yaoundé Cameroon

An attempt is made in this paper to present the dynamics of the Eastern Niger Rift Basin (ENRB) with references to the key features and processes of petroleum systems based on published information. The Eastern Niger Basin is a superimposed rift basin with sedimentary structures emplaced during two rifts episodes. The Cretaceous episode is characterized by large, tilted normally faulted blocks trending NW-SE, that were reactivated in the Paleogene, while the Paleogene episode is characterized by normal faulted blocks that trend NNW-SSE. The rifting resulted in different basin structures with the north section dominated by asymmetric half-grabens while the south section is dominated by full-grabens. Three source rocks each belonging to three different play fairways exist: 1) The Paleogene Sokor-1 Member source belongs to second cycle syn-rift play associated with fluvial/deltaic facies;2) Cretaceous Yogou and Donga sources from first cycle post-rift play associated with alluvial/fluvial/deltaic and marine clastic and carbonate facies;and 3) Cretaceous Yogou source from first cycle transitional play associated with mudstone and shale of transitional facies. The ENRB comprises two source-reservoir-seal assemblages: a lower assemblage of Upper Cretaceous and an Upper assemblage of the Paleogene. Except for the Yogou source which possesses a self-contained petroleum system, the rest of the source rocks release their oils into the Paleogene Sokor-1 Member reservoir sealed regionally by the Oligocene Sokor-2 Member. The Paleogene assemblage is charged from the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation through fractures emplaced during the rifting episodes.

关键词： Rift Petroleum Source Rock Oil Migration Basin Evolution Eastern Niger Rift Basin

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Monitoring and Environmental Assessment of Seawater in West Central Africa: Case of the Kribi Industrial and Urban Port Complex in Cameroon, Guinea Gulf

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第6期9卷 167-183页

作者： Mioumnde Arthur Paterne Kusi Micheline Michelle-Alexia ngum Kag Simon Pierre Kue Petou Rokis Malquaire Mumbfu Ernestine Mimba Botny-Capel Anne-Eunice Dissombo Edimo André Noel Masso Kody Christelle Zebaze Jiofack Kevine Bessong Moise Institute of Geological and Mining Research Yaoundé Cameroon Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas (China University of Petroleum (East China)) Qingdao China Department of Earth Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon National Institute of Cartography Yaoundé Cameroon Postgraduate School of Sciences Technologies & Geosciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Hohai University Nanjing China Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Protection Law Ocean University of China Qingdao China

This study is the first of a series of a project on the development and implementation of environmental protection policies, before, during and after the construction of the Kribi Industrial and Urban Port Complex (KIPC). The results will equip the State and scientific structures concerned with the protection of people, water resources and the environment as a whole. This includes reference data on the state of marine pollution in the region dating from the end of realization of the first phase of KIPC known as Kribi Deep-Water Harbor (KDWH). Accordingly, the aim of this work is to assess the current state of KIPC and its surrounding by quantifying the preliminary parameters of suspended matter (SM);to analyze the physical and chemical parameters, chemical pollution indicators for anions and major cations and organic pollution indicators of four water samples taken from four different sites in the project area by filtration and weighing, pH meter, turbid meter, titration, colorimetry and titrimetric methods. The analysis of these samples and these parameters provides results

关键词： Kribi Industrial Port Complex Seawater Monitoring and Environmental Assessment

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