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Limited Focus on the Use of Health Care by Elderly Migrants——A Literature Review

Open Journal of Nursing 2014年第6期4卷 465-473页

作者： Katarina Hjelm bjorn albin Department of Social and Welfare Studies Linkoping UniversityNorrkopingSweden School of Health and Caring Sciences Linnaeus UniversityVaxjoSweden

Our premise for this literature review is the global demographic change caused by the world’s population living longer and becoming older, and extensive international migration leading to multicultural societies. Increasing age leads to health problems, often long-term or chronic, requiring investments in health care. Worse health and dissimilarities in pattern of morbidity/ mortality have been found in foreign-compared to Swedish-born persons, so it is reasonable to assume that this affects use of health care. The exploratory review focuses on elderly migrants’ (>65 years) use of healthcare. The databases Pub Med, EBSCO, CINAHL and ERIC were searched in 2000-2013. A limited number of studies were found;few had a comparative approach, most were from the USA, and focused on migrants from the former Soviet Union or countries in South-East Asia. A range of factors were identified that influence patterns of health care use: language fluency, ability to communicate, self-reported health status, prevalence of chronic disease, physical distance from care provision, availability of transport to reach care, cost of care, the health insurance system, cultural norms and values regarding different forms of care, level of education, and length of residence in the host country. Most studies treated health care from a general perspective and collected data from community and hospital settings, without analysing usage separately. Some studies indicated elderly migrants making use of health care less than other groups but the pattern is not unambiguous: other studies show that there is an overuse of health care. It is therefore difficult to show any particular pattern, or possible differences in use, regarding community versus in-patient care. Studies focusing on migrants’ actual use of health care are few and further research is needed, especially because elderly people form the largest group of users of health care and will be even larger in the future.

关键词： Ageing Elderly Migrants Consumption Utilisation Health Care Health Resources

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Adaptive State-Dependent Diffusion for Derivative-Free Optimization

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1241-1269页

作者： bjorn Engquist Kui Ren Yunan Yang Department of Mathematics and the Oden Institute The University of TexasAustinTX 78712USA Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Mathematics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

This paper develops and analyzes a stochastic derivative-free optimization strategy.A key feature is the state-dependent adaptive *** prove global convergence in probability with algebraic rate and give the quantitative results in numerical examples.A striking fact is that convergence is achieved without explicit information of the gradient and even without comparing different objective function values as in established methods such as the simplex method and simulated *** can otherwise be compared to annealing with state-dependent temperature.

关键词： Derivative-free optimization Global optimization Adaptive diffusion Stationary distribution Fokker-Planck theory

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2023年Abel奖获得者Luis Angel Caffarelli访谈录

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数学译林 2024年第1期43卷 8-13页

作者： bjorn Ian Dundas Christian F.Skau 陆柱家(译) 童欣(校) 挪威卑尔根大学挪威Trondheim科技大学不详

Dundas&Skau(以下简写为“D&S”):Caffarelli教授,首先我们要祝贺您获得2023年的Abel(阿贝尔)奖,因为您“对非线性偏微分方程正则性理论,包括自由边界问题和Monge-Ampere(蒙日-安培)方程的开创性贡献”.明天挪威国王下将向您颁奖,我们... 详细信息

Dundas&Skau(以下简写为“D&S”):Caffarelli教授,首先我们要祝贺您获得2023年的Abel(阿贝尔)奖,因为您“对非线性偏微分方程正则性理论,包括自由边界问题和Monge-Ampere(蒙日-安培)方程的开创性贡献”.明天挪威国王下将向您颁奖,我们将回到您的数学,但首先了解一下您的背景可能是个好主意.1948年您出生在布宜诺斯艾利斯.您如何描述您的童年?

关键词：自由边界问题非线性偏微分方程阿贝尔开创性贡献

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Immune responses to tumor-unrelated antigens might predict adverse effects in patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第4期20卷 313-315页

作者： bjorn Nuise Tim Holland Jochen Mattner Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneUniversitatsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat(FAU)Erlangen-NurnbergErlangenGermany.2Medical Immunology Campus ErlangenFAU Erlangen-NurnbergErlangenGermany

The advent of checkpoint inhibition targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)or its ligand(PD-L1)revolutionized cancer immunotherapy and significantly improved the treatment of different ***,not all immune cell subsets that express PD-1 also target tumor *** the immune response of the germinal center reaction to seasonal influenza vaccination as a readout,Herati et *** vaccination as an analytical tool to predict adverse effects beyond anticancer responses[1]

关键词： immunotherapy al. vaccination

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Self-employment in Rural China:Its Development,Characteristics,and Relation to Income

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China & World Economy 2022年第1期30卷 136-165页

作者： bjorn Gustafsson Yudan Zhang Department of Social Work University of GothenburgSwedenand Research FellowInstitute for Labor Economics(IZA)Germany Business School Beijing Normal UniversityChina

Changes in the employment structure in rural China were studied with a focus on off-farm *** from the Chinese Household Income Project surveys were used,covering the same 14 provinces from 1988 to *** found that the proportion of adults in rural China with self-employment as their primary form of off-farm employment increased from only 2 percent in 1988 to 11 percent in 2013,with no further increases through *** 1988 and 1995,the rate of self-employment was highest in the eastern region but this regional pattern subsequently *** probability of being self-employed in rural China was higher among married males than among unmarried *** a migration experience increased the likelihood of being *** 1995,self-employed households have had a higher average income than other categories of *** on estimates of income functions,we conclude that the income premium from being self-employed increased rapidly from 1988 to 1995 to become remarkably large when only a few adults were ***,as a larger fraction of the rural population entered self-employment,the payoff from being self-employed has rapidly diminished,although it was still substantial in 2018.

关键词： income off-farm self-employment wage-employment

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Alcohols for hydrate inhibition-Different alcohols and different mechanisms

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Petroleum 2022年第1期8卷 1-16页

作者： bjorn Kvamme Na Wei Jinzhou Zhao Shouwei Zhou Liehui Zhang Wantong Sun Navid Saeidi State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate Beijing10027China Hyzenenergy Laguna Hills92656USA Strategic Carbon LLC Portsmouth03801USA

Methanol has been used to prevent hydrate formation in industrial handling of hydrate forming mixtures containing water for many *** is also used for the same purpose in countries that have easy access to low price ethanol,like for instance *** to these small alcohols is that they also have surfactant properties that will promote hydrate formation,but when added to water in sufficient amounts,the hydrate prevention characteristics will *** alcohols will primarily prevent heterogeneous hydrate formation on the interface between water and a separate hydrate *** effect of“alcohol”on both of these routes to hydrate formation are investigated and compared to experimental *** particular we also investigate the effects of these small alcohols on Gibbs free energy for the hydrate formed on the new,shifted,stability *** free energy is generally higher than hydrate formed from pure *** of hydrate formation are also higher for hydrate formed from water containing *** are negative numbers,so in absolute values released formation enthalpy is *** presence of these alcohols in water will also prevent homogeneous hydrate formation from dissolved hydrate formers in *** have more important roles in other routes to hydrate *** hydrate nucleation towards mineral surfaces is feasible in different *** hydrate formers like H2S and CO_(2)can adsorb directly on rust,and as discussed here,are able to form hydrate from adsorbed state on rust ***-polar hydrocarbons like,for instance methane might get trapped in structured water and then nucleate to *** research on this is published and further research is in *** have very strong attraction to rust and corresponding chemical potentials for adsorbed glycols on rust are favourable enough to facilitate phase transition from glycols dissolved in water over to *** of glycol in gas

关键词： Hydrate Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics Alcohols Nucleation

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Galaxy:A Decade of Realising CWFR Concepts

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Data Intelligence 2022年第2期4卷 358-371页

作者： Beatriz Serrano-Solano Anne Fouilloux Ignacio Eguinoa Matus Kalas bjorn Gruning Frederik Coppens Bioinformatics Group University of FreiburgBaden-Wurttemberg 79098Germany Department of Geosciences University of OsloOslo0316Norway Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent UniversityGhent 9052Belgium VIB GentOost-Vlaanderen 9052Belgium Department of Informatics University of Bergen Ringgold standard institutionUniversity of BergenBergenHordaland 5008Norway

Despite recent encouragement to follow the FAIR principles,the day-to-day research practices have not changed *** to new developments and the increasing pressure to apply best practices,initiatives to improve the efficiency and reproducibility of scientific workflows are becoming more *** this article,we discuss the importance of well-annotated tools and the specific requirements to ensure reproducible research with FAIR *** detail how Galaxy,an open-source workflow management system with a web-based interface,has implemented the concepts that are put forward by the Canonical Workflow Framework for Research(CWFR),whilst minimising changes to the practices of scientific *** we showcase concrete applications from two different domains,this approach is generalisable to any domain and particularly useful in interdisciplinary research and science-based applications.

关键词： CWFR FAIR Tools Workflows Galaxy Metadata FDOs

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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen Milton Edward McCary Michael M.Spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano Jose A.Franco-Altamirano Martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl Todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce Michael E.Donovan Michael C.Downer Dino A.Jaroszynski bjorn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

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The Rise of China's Global Middle Class in an International Context

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China & World Economy 2022年第1期30卷 5-27页

作者： Terry Sicular Xiuna Yang bjorn Gustafsson Department of Economics Social Science CentreUniversity of Western OntarioCanada Research Department One China Development Research FoundationChina Department of Social Work University of GothenburgSwedenand Research FellowInstitute for Labor Economics(IZA)Germany

We estimate the size of the global middle class in China and 33 other countries and analyze China’s expanding middle class in an international ***“ghbal middle class”is defined in terms of being neither poor nor rich in the developed ***’s global middle class has grown rapidly and has been catching up with the middle class in developed *** 2018 China’s global middle class constituted 25 percent of China s population;in absolute size it was nearly double the size of the global middle class in the US and was similar in size to that of ***-country analysis of the relationship between the middle-class share of the total population and GDP per capita reveals an inverted-U *** is not an outlier from the cross-country pattern but the speed with which its middle-class has expanded is *** only other countries with similarly large,rapid expansions of the middle class are transition economies.

关键词： China income distribution middle class transition

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Advances in orthodontic clear aligner materials

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第4期22卷 384-403页

作者： Yashodhan M.Bichu Abdulraheem Alwafi Xiaomo Liu James Andrews bjorn Ludwig Aditi Y.Bichu Bingshuang Zou Private Practice Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Oral Health Science Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Faculty of Dentistry Department of Dental Public HealthKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijingChina Private Practice PerthAustralia Department of Orthodontics University of HomburgSaarGermany

Rapid technological improvements in biomaterials,computer-aided design(CAD)and manufacturing(CAM)have endorsed clear aligner therapy(CAT)as a mainstay of orthodontic treatment,and the materials employed for aligner fabrication play an all-important role in determining the clinical performance of clear *** narrative review has attempted to comprehensively encompass the entire gamut of materials currently used for the fabrication of clear aligners and elucidate their characteristics that are crucial in determining their performance in an oral *** developments and current protocols in aligner fabrication,features of contemporary bioactive materials,and emerging trends related to CAT are *** in aligner material chemistry and engineering possess the potential to bring about radical transformations in the therapeutic applications of CAT;in the absence of which,clear aligners would continue to underperform clinically,due to their inherent biomechanical ***,while innovations in aligner materials such as shape memory polymers,direct three-dimensional(3D)printed clear aligners and bioactive materials combined with clear aligner materials are essential to further advance the applications of CAT;increased awareness of environmental responsibilities among aligner manufacturers,aligner prescribing clinicians and aligner users is essential for better alignment of our climate change goals towards a sustainable planet.

关键词： Clear aligners Bioactive materials Shape memory polymers Direct 3D printing Environment Review

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