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肠道黏液层如何应对肠道菌群:抗击还是哺育?

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第1期7卷 3-12,I0001页

作者： Bjoern O.Schroeder Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineBruna Stra°ket 16University of GothenburgSE 41345 GothenburgSweden

肠道居住着大量微生物,即所谓的肠道菌群。这些微生物与宿主是一种共生关系,可协助宿主降解复杂的碳水复合物。尽管肠道菌群通常被认为是有益的,但大量存在的微生物细胞对宿主来说也是一种永久性的威胁。因此,肠道上皮覆以一层致密的黏... 详细信息

肠道居住着大量微生物,即所谓的肠道菌群。这些微生物与宿主是一种共生关系,可协助宿主降解复杂的碳水复合物。尽管肠道菌群通常被认为是有益的,但大量存在的微生物细胞对宿主来说也是一种永久性的威胁。因此,肠道上皮覆以一层致密的黏液层,以防止肠道菌群进入下层组织。肠道黏液是一种有着宿主特异性多糖结构的糖蛋白网络。黏液层长久以来一直被认为是一种被动的、宿主设计的屏障,但最新研究显示,黏液层的成熟和功能在很大程度上受肠道菌群的影响。反过来,一些黏膜相关的细菌也能特异性地与黏蛋白中的多糖链结合或降解之,将其作为营养来源。由于肠道黏液层处于宿主与微生物相互作用的关键界面,该层结构的损坏会导致肠道菌群的侵入并最终引起炎症和感染。于是我们在结肠炎大鼠模型和结肠炎患者中,可以观察到黏液层的功能丧失。而且,现代社会中低纤维的西方饮食已被证实会引起细菌介导的肠道黏液层结构损害。在此,本文对健康状态和疾病状态下肠道菌群与肠道黏液层之间的相互作用进行阐述。了解宿主与微生物之间相互作用的具体分子机制,或可研发出针对黏液层功能失调相关疾病(如溃疡性结肠炎)新的治疗手段。

关键词： Dietary fiber gut microbiota host-microbe interaction inflammatory bowel disease mucus mucin mucosal barrier metabolic disease probiotics ulcerative colitis

Public Perceptions and Support of Renewable Energy in North America in the Context of Global Climate Change

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第4期6卷 385-398页

作者： bjoern Hagen David Pijawka School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State University

There is substantial interest in developing a coherent and effective North American renewable energy policy as a way to secure energy but also to mitigate global climate change. Based on surveys of the public in Canada,Mexico, and the United States, the article shows the levels of concern over climate change threats, perceived risk,knowledge of climate change policies, levels of uncertainty, and other perception factors to help understand the relationships between public perceptions and policy preferences for renewable energy. Results show national differences between the three countries in nearly all climate change perceptions, with Mexico reflecting the highest levels of concern and the United States the lowest. Mexico also shows the greatest support for renewable energy sources. However, the results show very high levels of uncertainty about climate change dimensions concerning risk, science, and knowledge and the effectiveness of policy approaches. The data demonstrate strong statistical correlations between risk perception factors and preferences for mitigation policies in the form of renewable energy policies.

关键词：气候变化跨公民的比较环境政策北美洲公共感觉可更新的精力

Influence of test procedure on dielectric breakdown strength of alumina

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2019年第2期8卷 247-255页

作者： bjoern MIELLER Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und-pruefung (BAM) Division Advanced Technical Ceramics

Dielectric strength testing of ceramics can be performed with various setups and parameters. Comparisons of results from different sources are often not meaningful, because the results are strongly dependent on the actual testing procedure. The aim of this study is to quantify the influence of voltage ramp rate, electrode size, electrode conditioning, and sample thickness on the measured AC dielectric strength of a commercial alumina. Mean values, Weibull moduli, and failure probabilities determined in standardized short time tests are evaluated and related to withstand voltage tests. Dielectric strength values in the range from 21.6 to 33.2 kV·mm–1 were obtained for the same material using different testing procedures. Short time tests resulted in small standard deviations(oduli around 30, while withstand tests at voltage levels with low and virtual zero failure probability in short time tests resulted in large scatter of withstand time and Weibull moduli ong decrease in Weibull moduli is attributed to progressive damage from partial discharge and depolarization during AC testing. These findings emphasize the necessity of a thorough documentation of testing procedure and highlight the importance of withstand voltage tests for a comprehensive material characterization.

关键词： dielectric strength dielectric breakdown withstand voltage test high AC voltage testing

Doing Business in China ——A Study of Alliances,Active Participation and Understanding of Chinese Business Culture by Norwegian Companies

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Doing Business in China ——A Stud...

作者： bjoern Emil Aanesen Arctander 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

In this study I have tried to map out the challenges that Norwegian companies can face when they enter the Chinese market.It is desirable to have a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the problem.I also conducted thorough research on various cultural aspects regarding interaction and interdependence of each other.When entering into business cooperation between Norwegian and Chinese companies,you will encounter the phenomenon of "guanxi",built on ancient Chinese traditions rooted in Confucianism.This is a philosophy that lays the foundation for ethical and moral principles and values."Guanxi" as a phenomenon constitutes a major research topic,and there are many factors that play a role and influence the dynamic balance.With this,I wanted to limit this thesis to cultural understanding and participation in Chinese business culture.Furthermore,I looked at how these factors affect work of building a strategic alliance.Cultural understanding,participation and building a strategic alliance are the main themes of this study and will also represent the main structure of the thesis."Guanxi" is a common phenomenon in my thesis that used as a reference through all my main themes.Based on this I came up with a suitable Research question:RQ1: “How does the degree of understanding and active participation in Chinese business culture affect strategic alliances for Norwegian companies in China”?To answer the research question,I collected empirical data by extracting relevant theory from previous research and then comparing this with empirical findings from real life.This was done through in-depth interviews with representative respondents that I believe were suitable for answering research question.I examined five companies that met predefined characteristics / criteria.This is to ensure that the sample was as homogeneous as possible.I used exploratory study.Exploratory study aims to try an understand what is happening,to gain more insight or to ask questions regarding phenomenon’s that occurred during my research th

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Morphological residual convolutional neural network(M-RCNN)for intelligent recognition of wear particles from artificial joints

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Friction 2022年第4期10卷 560-572页

作者： Xiaobin HU Jian SoNG Zhenhua LIAo Yuhong LIU Jian GAo bjoern MENZE Weiqiang LIU Department of Computer Science Technical University of MunichGarching 85748Germany School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Implant Devices Research Institute of Tsinghua University in ShenzhenShenzhen 518057China State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Mckelvey School of Engineering Washington University in Saint LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA

Finding the correct category of wear particles is important to understand the tribological behavior.However,manual identification is tedious and time-consuming.We here propose an automatic morphological residual convolutional neural network(M-RCNN),exploiting the residual knowledge and morphological priors between various particle types.We also employ data augmentation to prevent performance deterioration caused by the extremely imbalanced problem of class distribution.Experimental results indicate that our morphological priors are distinguishable and beneficial to largely boosting overall performance.M-RCNN demonstrates a much higher accuracy(0.940)than the deep residual network(0.845)and support vector machine(0.821).This work provides an effective solution for automatically identifying wear particles and can be a powerful tool to further analyze the failure mechanisms of artificial joints.

关键词： wear particles classifier morphological priors data augmentation deep residual network

使用optoLyzer MoCCAFD进行CAN FD测试和模拟

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中国电子商情 2017年第10期 36-38页

作者： bjoern Sander Microchip车载信息娱乐系统解决方案部

optoLyzerMoCCA系列是K2L的汽车总线接口产品线。从配有六个标准CAN和六个LIN接口的optoLyzerMoCCACL设备，到配有六个标准CAN、六个LIN、一个FlexRay和一个MoST接口的optoLyzer MoCCA紧凑型设备，optoLyzerMoCCA系列为不同的应用场景... 详细信息

optoLyzerMoCCA系列是K2L的汽车总线接口产品线。从配有六个标准CAN和六个LIN接口的optoLyzerMoCCACL设备，到配有六个标准CAN、六个LIN、一个FlexRay和一个MoST接口的optoLyzer MoCCA紧凑型设备，optoLyzerMoCCA系列为不同的应用场景提供各种定制的解决方案。这些设备可用于应用程序测试、模拟和验证，还可用于网关应用。配合使用K2L的optoLyzerStudio软件，optoLyzerMoCCA系列一定能助整个开发流程一臂之力。本文中，

关键词：汽车电子程序测试模拟 MoST CAN 产品线接口设备

A self-made, low-cost infrared system for evaluating the sciatic functional index in mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第5期11卷 829-834页

作者： Lukas Fricker Vincenzo Penna Florian Lampert G.bjoern Stark Christian Witzel Georgios Koulaxouzidis Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery University of Freiburg Medical Center Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Charité – Universit?tsmedizin Berlin

The sciatic functional index（SFI） is a popular parameter for peripheral nerve evaluation that relies on footprints obtained with ink and paper. Drawbacks include smearing artefacts and a lack of dynamic information during measurement. Modern applications use digitized systems that can deliver results with less analytical effort and fewer mice. However, the systems are expensive（€40,000）. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability and precision of a self-made, low-cost infrared system for evaluating SFI in mice. Mice were subjected to unilateral sciatic nerve crush injury（crush group; n = 7） and sham operation（sham group; n = 4）. They were evaluated on the day before surgery, the 2nd, 4th and 6th days after injury, and then every day up to the 23rd day after injury. We compared two SFI evaluation methods, i.e., conventional inkand-paper SFI（C-SFI） and our infrared system（I-SFI）. our apparatus visualized footprints with totally internally reflected infrared light（950 nm） and a camera that can only detect this wavelength. Additionally we performed an analysis with the ladder beam walking test（LBWT） as a reference test. I-SFI assessment reduced the standard deviation by about 33 percent, from 11.6 to 7.8, and cut the variance around the baseline to 21 percent. The system thus requires fewer measurement repetitions and fewer animals, and cuts the cost of keeping the animals. The apparatus cost €321 to build. our results show that the process of obtaining the SFI can be made more precise via digitization with a self-made, low-cost infrared system.

关键词： nerve regeneration sciatic nerve crush frustrated total internal reflection infrared ladder beamwalking test error rate mouse peripheral nerve injury neural regeneration

Surface modification of biomedical Mg-Ca and Mg-Zn-Ca alloys using selective laser melting: Corrosion behaviour, microhardness and biocompatibility

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第6期9卷 2155-2168页

作者： Xiyu Yao Jincheng Tang Yinghao Zhou Andrej Atrens Matthew S.Dargusch bjoern Wiese Thomas Ebel Ming Yan School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China The University of Queensland School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringCentre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing(AMPAM)QLD 4072 Australia Institute of Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtGeesthacht 21502Germany

Magnesium alloys such as Mg–Ca and Mg–Zn–Ca are good orthopaedic materials;however their tendency to corrode is high.Herein we utilize selective laser melting(SLM)to modify the surface of these Mg alloys to simultaneously improve the corrosion behaviour and microhardness.The corrosion rate decreased from 2.1±0.2 mm/y to 1.0±0.1 mm/y for the laser-processed Mg–0.6Ca,and from 1.6±0.1 mm/y to 0.7±0.2 mm/y for laser-processed Mg–0.5Zn–0.3Ca.The microhardness increased from 46±1 HV to 56±1 HV for Mg–0.6Ca,and from 47±3 HV to 55±3 HV for Mg–0.5Zn–0.3Ca.In addition,good biocompatibility remained in the laser processed Mg alloys.The improved properties are attributed to laser-induced grain refinement,confined impurity elements,residual stress,and modified surface chemistry.The results demonstrated the potential of SLM as a surface engineering approach for developing advanced biomedical Mg alloys.

关键词： Mg alloys Selective laser melting Surface modification Corrosion behaviour Microhardness

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额外的ECU存储器助力汽车软件空中更新

今日电子 2017年第7期 34-37页

作者： Martin Klimke Ines Pedersen bjoern Steurich 英飞凌科技股份公司

汽车制造商正面临着不断攀升的召回成本。召回成本中有很大一部分是因为汽车软件发生故障需要修复。使用移动通信方式进行空中软件更新（SoTA）看似是显而易见的选择。尽管空中软件更新对于移动设备而言已司空见惯，但是其在汽车领域的... 详细信息

汽车制造商正面临着不断攀升的召回成本。召回成本中有很大一部分是因为汽车软件发生故障需要修复。使用移动通信方式进行空中软件更新（SoTA）看似是显而易见的选择。尽管空中软件更新对于移动设备而言已司空见惯，但是其在汽车领域的应用需要考虑安全和便利等因素。汽车需要实现防篡改保护（安全性），并且更新过程要快速、可靠，不会影响功能安全。

关键词：汽车制造商软件更新存储器 ECU 移动设备通信方式更新过程功能安全