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Sustainability and virtual water:The lessons of history

Geography and Sustainability 2022年第4期3卷 358-365页

作者： Majid Labbaf Khaneiki Abdullah Saif Al-Ghafri björn Klöve Ali Torabi Haghighi UNESCO Chair on Aflaj Studies and Archaeo-Hydrology University of NizwaNizwaOman Water Energy and Environmental Engineering UnitFaculty of TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland

This article aims to show that virtual water has historically been an adaptation strategy that enabled some arid regions to develop a prosperous economy without putting pressure on their scarce water *** water is referred to as the total amount of water that is consumed to produce goods and *** an example,in arid central Iran,the deficiency in agricultural revenues was offset by more investment in local industries that enjoyed a perennial capacity to employ more *** revenues of local industries weaned the population from irrigated agriculture,since most of their raw materials and also food stuff were imported from other regions,bringing a remarkable amount of virtual *** virtual water not only sustained the region’s inhabitants,but also set the stage for a powerful polity in the face of a rapid population growth between the 13th and 15th centuries *** resultant surplus products entailed a vast and safe network of roads,provided by both entrepreneurs and ***,it became possible to import more feedstock such as cocoons from water-abundant regions and then export silk textiles with considerable *** article concludes that a similar model of virtual water can remedy the ongoing water crisis in central Iran,where groundwater reserves are overexploited,and many rural and urban centers are teetering on the edge of socio-ecological *** holds an urgent lesson on sustainability for our today’s policy that stubbornly peruses agriculture and other high-water-demand sectors in an arid region whose development has always been dependent on virtual water.

关键词： Proto-industrialization Water scarcity Non-hydraulic polity Virtual water Political economy

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Fabrication, Characterization and Thermophysical Property Evaluation of SiC Nanofluids for Heat Transfer Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2014年第2期6卷 178-189页

作者： Nader Nikkam Mohsin Saleemi Ehsan B.Haghighi Morteza Ghanbarpour Rahmatollah Khodabandeh Mamoun Muhammed bjrn Palm Muhammet S.Toprak Department of Materials and Nano Physics KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of Energy Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology

Nanofluids(NFs) are nanotechnology-based colloidal suspensions fabricated by suspending nanoparticles(NPs) in a base liquid. These fluids have shown potential to improve the heat transfer properties of conventional heat transfer fluids. In this study we report in detail on fabrication, characterization and thermo-physical property evaluation of SiC NFs, prepared using SiC NPs with different crystal structures,for heat transfer applications. For this purpose, a series of SiC NFs containing SiC NPs with different crystal structure(α-SiC and β-SiC) were fabricated in a water(W)/ethylene glycol(EG) mixture(50/50 wt%ratio). Physicochemical properties of NPs/NFs were characterized by using various techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), dynamic light scattering(DLS) and Zeta potential ***-physical properties including thermal conductivity(TC) and viscosity for NFs containing SiC particles(α- and β- phase) weremeasured. The results show among all suspensions NFs fabricated with α-SiC particles have more favorable thermo-physical properties compared to the NFs fabricated with β-*** observed difference is attributed to combination of several factors, including crystal structure(β- vs. α-), sample purity,and residual chemicals exhibited on SiC NFs. A TC enhancement of ～20% while 14% increased viscosity were obtained for NFs containing 9 wt% of particular type of α-SiC NPs indicating promising capability of this kind of NFs for further heat transfer characteristics investigation.

关键词： SiC nanoparticles Nanofluids Thermal conductivity Viscosity Thermo-physical property

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双亲和结构对儿茶素稳定性的影响(英文)

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食品科学 2004年第5期25卷 27-31页

作者：林亲录 bjrn kesson bjrn Bergensthl 湖南农业大学食品科技学院 Biomedical Nutrition Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lund UniversityLundSwedenP.O.box124S-22100 Department of Food Technology Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lund UniversityLundSwedenP.O.box124S-22100

本文通过高效液相色谱检测,研究了儿茶素在三种不同液相体系(对照系;吐温20-胶束体系;磷脂-脂质体乳化体系)中的自动氧化模式。结果表明:不管是在pH3.5还是pH4.5下,与对照相比,嵌和在吐温20-胶束体系和磷脂-脂质体乳化体系中的儿茶素自... 详细信息

本文通过高效液相色谱检测,研究了儿茶素在三种不同液相体系(对照系;吐温20-胶束体系;磷脂-脂质体乳化体系)中的自动氧化模式。结果表明:不管是在pH3.5还是pH4.5下,与对照相比,嵌和在吐温20-胶束体系和磷脂-脂质体乳化体系中的儿茶素自动氧化速度显著降低(即这两种双亲和结构对儿茶素免遭氧化有保护作用);而且,磷脂-脂质体乳化体系中的儿茶素自动氧化速度比吐温20-胶束体系中更低。

关键词：高效液相色谱儿茶素自动氧化模式稳定性吐温20-胶束体系磷脂-脂质体乳化体系

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Self-attention transfer networks for speech emotion recognition

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2021年第1期3卷 43-54页

作者： Ziping ZHAO Keru Wang Zhongtian BAO Zixing ZHANG Nicholas CUMMINS Shihuang SUN Haishuai WANG Jianhua TAO björn WSCHULLER College of Computer and Information Engineering Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300387China GLAM-Group on Language Audio&MusicImperial College LondonSW72AZUK Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing University of Augsburg86159Germany Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics IoPPNKing's College LondonLondonSE58AFUK Department of Computer Science and Engineering Fairfield University 06824USA National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition CASIABeijing 100190China

Background A crucial element of human-machine interaction,the automatic detection of emotional states from human speech has long been regarded as a challenging task for machine learning *** vital challenge in speech emotion recognition(SER)is learning robust and discriminative representations from *** machine learning methods have been widely applied in SER research,the inadequate amount of available annotated data has become a bottleneck impeding the extended application of such techniques(e.g.,deep neural networks).To address this issue,we present a deep learning method that combines knowledge transfer and self-attention for SER ***,we apply the log-Mel spectrogram with deltas and delta-deltas as ***,given that emotions are time dependent,we apply temporal convolutional neural networks to model the variations in *** further introduce an attention transfer mechanism,which is based on a self-attention algorithm to learn long-term *** self-attention transfer network(SATN)in our proposed approach takes advantage of attention transfer to learn attention from speech recognition,followed by transferring this knowledge into *** evaluation built on Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture(IEMOCAP)dataset demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model.

关键词： Speech emotion recognition Attention transfer Self-attention Temporal convolutional neural networks(TCNs)

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Frustration recognition from speech during game interaction using wide residual networks

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2021年第1期3卷 76-86页

作者： Meishu SONG Adria MALLOL-RAGOLTA Emilia PARADA-CABALEIRO Zijiang YANG Shuo LIU Zhao REN Ziping ZHAO björn WSCHULLER Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing University of AugsburgGermany GLAM-Group on Language Audio&MusicImperial College LondonUK Department of Computer Science Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300389China

Background Although frustration is a common emotional reaction while playing games,an excessive level of frustration can negatively impact a user's experience,discouraging them from further game *** automatic detection of frustration can enable the development of adaptive systems that can adapt a game to a user's specific needs through real-time difficulty adjustment,thereby optimizing the player's experience and guaranteeing game *** this end,we present a speech-based approach for the automatic detection of frustration during game interactions,a specific task that remains under explored in *** The experiments were performed on the Multimodal Game Frustration Database(MGFD),an audiovisual dataset-collected within the Wizard-of-Oz framework-that is specially tailored to investigate verbal and facial expressions of frustration during game *** explored the performance of a variety of acoustic feature sets,including Mel-Spectrograms,Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCCs),and the low-dimensional knowledge-based acoustic feature set *** of the continual improvements in speech recognition tasks achieved by the use of convolutional neural networks(CNNs),unlike the MGFD baseline,which is based on the Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)architecture and Support Vector Machine(SVM)classifier-in the present work,we consider typical CNNs,including ResNet,VGG,and ***,given the unresolved debate on the suitability of shallow and deep networks,we also examine the performance of two of the latest deep CNNs:WideResNet and *** Our best result,achieved with WideResNet and Mel-Spectrogram features,increases the system performance from 58.8%unweighted average recall(UAR)to 93.1%UAR for speech-based automatic frustration recognition.

关键词： Frustration recognition WideResNets Machine learning

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Particle elasticity influences polymeric artificial antigen presenting cell effectiveness in vivo via CD8+T cell activation,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9052-9064页

作者： Savannah E.Est-Witte Sydney R.Shannon Dennis H.Gong Kaitlyn G.Calabresi Jawaun J.Harris Kaitlyn Storm Edwin J.Yoo Ariel Isser Vivek P.Jani Natalie K.Livingston Mary O.Omotoso Kelly Rhodes Elana Ben-Akiva Randall A.Meyer Zoe T.Hsieh Simone Sidoli Stephany Y.Tzeng Jonathan P.Schneck Jordan J.green Translational Tissue Engineering Center Institute for NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21231USA Institute for Cell Engineering Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine733 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxNew York CityNY 10461USA

Adoptive cell therapy(ACT)is an immunotherapy strategy for cancer that has seen widespread clinical *** ACT,patient-derived lymphocytes are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then returned to the patient to initiate an antigen-specific antitumor *** effective,this process is resource-intensive and logistically impossible for many *** artificial antigen presenting cells(aAPCs)offer a potential“off-the-shelf”alternative to ex vivo *** particulate aAPCs perform well in vitro,they have had limited success in vivo due to poor bioavailability after *** to bioavailability include rapid clearance,unfavorable biodistribution,and inadequate interactions with CD8+T cells at sites of *** properties such as elasticity have been shown to vastly impact the bioavailability and particle-cell interactions,but this has yet to be investigated in the context of aAPCs for in vivo T-cell *** literature likewise indicates that biomaterial properties,especially elasticity,can modulate T-cell activation in *** the goal of creating a more biomimetic,next-generation particulate aAPC,we developed a poly(ethylene)glycol hydrogel particle platform with tunable elasticity to investigate the impact of elasticity on antigen-specific T cell activation for in vivo adoptive *** this knowledge,we were able to gain more precise control over in vivo T cell activation and investigate possible mechanisms including the effects of aAPC elasticity on T cell binding,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona.

关键词： adoptive cell therapy artificial antigen presenting cells particle drug delivery elasticity protein corona poly(ethylene glycol)

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Influence of immunosuppressive drugs on natural killer cells in therapeutic drug exposure in liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第6期12卷 835-853,I0002-I0005页

作者： Rongrong Qin Jiwei Qin Xuefeng Li Zhijun Xu Peiqi He Xiaodong Yuan Cheng Sun björn Nashan Department of Organ Transplantation The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina Organ Transplantation&Immunology Laboratory Division of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina

Background:Natural killer(NK)cells are enriched in the liver and are the main regulators in liver transplantation regarding rejection or tolerance,viral infection,or tumor *** consists of a triple drug standard regimen comprising tacrolimus(TAC)and corticosteroids(CS)with either mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)or sirolimus(SIR)/everolimus(EVE).The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of trough levels of these regimens under clinical conditions and exposure on human NK-cell activity and function in order to better understand the antiviral and anti-tumor effects of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor(mTORI).Methods:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were collected from liver transplant recipients and healthy *** and phenotypes of NK cells in vivo were analyzed by flow *** this study we simulated the immunosuppressive microenvironment in *** were cultured at the clinically effective plasma concentration of drugs for 3 d to detect the effect of immunosuppressants on NK *** type and concentration:single drug[EVE,5 ng/mL;SIR,5 ng/mL;TAC,5 ng/mL;cyclosporine A(CSA),125 ng/mL;MMF,15μg/mL;CS,0.5μg/mL]and combined immunosuppressants(Group 1:TAC,5 ng/mL+MMF,15μg/mL+CS,0.5μg/mL;Group 2:TAC,5 ng/mL+SIR,5 ng/mL+CS,0.5μg/mL;Group 3:TAC,5 ng/mL+EVE,5 ng/mL+CS,0.5μg/mL).In addition,NK cells were sorted from PBMCs and treated under the above conditions to detect NK cell killing function and rnA transcription ***:CS significantly impaired the cytolytic activity of NK cells,followed by MMF and SIR/*** and TAC/CSA significantly decreased the secretion of IFN-γand *** cell function in liver transplant recipients was most pronouncedly inhibited by a triple immunosuppressive regimen,with CS playing the most prominent role compared with the other *** MMF-containing regimen demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of suppressive genes,especially of the Siglec7/9 ***

关键词： Liver transplantation NK cells immunosuppressants calcineurin inhibitor(CNI) everolimus

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The incidence and severity of post-hepatectomy bile leaks is affected by surgical indications,preoperative chemotherapy,and surgical procedures

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第2期8卷 101-110页

作者： Vinzent N.Spetzler Marlene Schepers Hans O.Pinnschmidt Lutz Fischer bj?rn Nashan Jun Li Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany

Background:Bile leaks are one of the most common complications after liver *** International Study Group of Liver Surgery(ISGLS)established a uniform bile leak definition including a severity ***,a risk factor assessment according to ISGLS grading as well as the clinical implications has not been studied sufficiently so ***:The incidence and grading of bile leaks according to ISGLS were prospectively documented in 501 consecutive liver resections between July 2012 and December 2016.A multivariate regression analysis was performed for risk factor *** with other surgical complications,90-day mortality as well as length of hospital stay(LOS)was ***:The total rate of bile leaks in this cohort was 14.0%:2.8%grade A,8.0%grade B,and 3.2%grade C bile leaks were *** chemotherapy or biliary intervention,diagnosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,colorectal metastasis,central minor liver resection,major hepatectomy,extended hepatectomy or two-stage hepatectomy,were some of the risk factors leading to bile *** multivariate regression analysis revealed that preoperative chemotherapy,major hepatectomy and biliodigestive reconstruction remained significant independent risk factors for bile *** C bile leaks were associated not only with surgical site infection,but also with an increased 90-day mortality and prolonged ***:The preoperative treatment as well as the surgical procedure had significant influence on the incidence and the severity of bile *** C bile leaks were clinically most relevant,and led to significant increased LOS,rate of infection,and mortality.

关键词： Bile leakage post-operative complication liver resection International Study Group of Liver Surgery(ISGLS) Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy(ALPPS)

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Fracture Permeability: Outcrop Analogues from Active Plate Boundaries and Intraplate Contexts of Iceland

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Open Journal of Geology 2021年第12期11卷 621-657页

作者： Maryam Khodayar Sveinbjörn björnsson Consultant and Researcher in Geosciences Reykjavík Iceland National Energy Authority of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland

We bring new insights into fracture permeability with 7 analogues from the intraplate outcrops of West Iceland (WI), the active South Iceland transform zone (SISZ), the intersection of rift and SISZ near Hengill (Reykjafjall-RF), and the Reykjanes oblique rift (RP). WI formed at Tertiary plate boundaries, shifted away, is now cut by the Quaternary intraplate Snæfellsnes volcanic zone (SVZ), and undergoes occasional earthquakes. By contrast, fractures are being formed and reactivated under intense plate boundary earthquakes in the younger SISZ, RF and RP. Our mapping of stratigraphy, basement fractures, surface ruptures of earthquakes, and leakages of cold and hot water in all areas shows that: 1) In active SISZ, RF and RP, permeable fractures are identical to N-S to NNW dextral, ENE to E-W sinistral, and WNW to NNW sinistral source faults of earthquakes, acting as Riedel shears that accommodate the sinistral motion of the transform zone. The NNE/NE rift-parallel extensional fractures are the least frequent permeable set. Notably, the NW and WNW sets also show dextral motions in RP where they could be splay of each other but belong to a separate developed fracture system, and in the SISZ where the NW set is a splay of a N-S source fault of earthquake. However, permeable fractures in the intraplate WI are only oblique-slip sets striking N-S to NNW dextral, ENE sinistral, and WNW dextral parallel to the SVZ. 2) In each area, the permeable sets fit the fault plane solutions of intraplate or plate boundary earthquakes, as well as the latest stress fields that allow fracture opening for fluid flow. 3) Fractures are more open in the younger SISZ, RF, and RP, with leakages along the fractures and their splays rather than by their tips or in the stepovers. In the older WI where the crust and fractures are filled with secondary minerals, leakages are as much along fractures as where numerous fracture intersections facilitate fluid

关键词： Fracture Permeability Fluid Flow Fractured Reservoirs Rift Zone Transform Zone Tectonic of Iceland

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Routine diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease in Southern India

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第17期20卷 5017-5024页

作者： Geir Larsson Thrivikrama Shenoy Ramalingom Ramasubramanian Leena Kondarappassery Balakumaran Milada Cvancarova Smstuen Gunnar Aksel bjune bjφrn Allan Moum Department of Medicine Unger-Vetlesen InstituteLovisenberg Diaconal HospitalNO-0440 OsloNorway Population Health and Research Institute Medical College POTrivandrum 695011KeralaIndia Thoothukudi Government Medical College Thoothukudi 628002Tamil NaduIndia Department of Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloNO-0318 OsloNorway Institute of Health and Society Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloNO-0318 OsloNorway Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute of Clinical MedicineOslo University Hospital UllevlNO-0424 OsloNorway

AIM:To investigate whether routinely measured clinical variables could aid in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis(ITB)from Crohn’s disease(CD).METHODS:ITB and CD patients were prospectively included at four South Indian medical centres from October 2009 to July *** investigations included case history,physical examination,blood biochemistry,ileocolonoscopy and histopathological examination of *** were followed-up after 2 and 6 mo of *** diagnosis of ITB or CD was re-evaluated after 2 mo of antituberculous chemotherapy or immune suppressive therapy respectively,based on improvement in signs,symptoms and laboratory *** study was considered to be an exploratory ***,endoscopic and histopathological features recorded at the time of inclusion were subject to univariate *** variables with sufficient number of recordings and P<0.05 were entered into logistic regression models,adjusted for known ***,we calculated the odds ratios with respective confidence intervals for variables associated with either ITB or ***:This study included 38 ITB and 37 CD ***,ITB patients had the lowest body mass index(19.6 vs 22.7,P=0.01)and more commonly reported weight loss(73%vs 38%,P<0.01),watery diarrhoea(64%vs 33%,P=0.01)and rural domicile(58%vs 35%,P<0.05).Endoscopy typically showed mucosal nodularity(17/31 vs 2/37,P<0.01)and histopathology more frequently showed granulomas(10/30vs 2/35,P<0.01).The CD patients more frequently reported malaise(87%vs 64%,P=0.03),nausea(84%vs 56%,P=0.01),pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant on examination(90%vs 54%,P<0.01)and urban domicile(65%vs 42%,P<0.05).In CD,endoscopy typically showed involvement of multiple intestinal segments(27/37 vs 9/31,P<0.01).Using logistic regression analysis we found weight loss and nodularity of the mucosa were independently associated with ITB,with adjusted odds ratios of 8.6(95%CI:2.1-35.6)and 18.9(95%CI:3.5-10

关键词： Diagnosis Differential Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal Crohn's disease India Signs and symptoms Endoscopy Histopathology

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