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Comparison of the chloride channel activator lubiprostone and the oral laxative Polyethylene Glycol 3350 on mucosal barrier repair in ischemic-injured porcine intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第39期14卷 6012-6017页

作者： Adam J Moeser Prashant K Nighot birgit roerig Ryuji Ueno Anthony T Blikslager Department of Population Health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27606United States Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27606United States Sucampo Pharmaceuticals IncBethesda MD 20814United States

AIM: To investigate the effects of lubiprostone and Polyethylene Glycol 3350 (PEG) on mucosal barrier repair in ischemic-injured porcine intestine. METHODS: Ileum from 6 piglets (approximately 15 kg body weight) was subjected to ischemic conditions by occluding the local mesenteric circulation for 45 min in vivo. Ileal tissues from each pig were then harvested and mounted in Ussing chambers and bathed in oxygenated Ringer's solution in vitro. Intestinal barrier function was assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and mucosal-to-serosal fluxes of 3H-mannitol and 14C-inulin. Statistical analyses of data collected over a 120-min time course included 2-way ANOVA for the effects of time and treatment on indices of barrier function. RESULTS: Application of 1 μmol/L lubiprostone to the mucosal surface of ischemic-injured ileum in vitro induced significant elevations in TER compared to non-treated tissue. Lubiprostone also reduced mucosal-to-serosal fluxes of 3H-mannitol and 14C-inulin. Alternatively,application of a polyethylene laxative (PEG,20 mmol/L) to the mucosal surface of ischemic tissues significantly increased flux of 3H-mannitol and 14C-inulin. CONCLUSION: This experiment demonstrates that lubiprostone stimulates recovery of barrier function in ischemic intestinal tissues whereas the PEG laxative had deleterious effects on mucosal repair. These results suggest that,unlike osmotic laxatives,lubiprostone stimulates repair of the injured intestinal barrier.

关键词：肠缺血渗透率泻药聚乙烯

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Foraging valor linked with aggression:selection against completely abandoning aggression in the high-elevation ant Tetramorium alpestre?

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 953-970页

作者： Marie-Luise Contala Patrick Krapf Florian M.Steiner birgit C.Schlick-Steiner Molecular Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversitat InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria rganismal&Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Aggression has multiple benefits and is often coupled with other behaviors("behavioral syndromes").The level of aggressiveness is influenced by an adaptive benefit-cost ratio suggesting that benefits should outweigh the costs of ***,we assess if several behaviors are coupled in two behaviorally different populations(aggressive,peaceful)of the high-elevation ant Tetramorium *** three weeks,we collected colony fragments and analyzed boldness,exploring,foraging,and risk-taking *** hypothesized that the aggressive population is bolder,more explorative and risk-prone,and forages more food than the peaceful *** test whether(a)the combination of experiments and parameters used yields a good setup,(b)populations differ behaviorally,and(c)populations display behavioral syndromes,we assessed(a)the frequency of repeatable behaviors of each experiment,(b)the behavioral means among populations,and(c)the behavioral repeatability,*** found that(a)boldness and exploring were most repeatable and represent a good experimental setup,(b)the aggressive population was bolder and more explorative and risk-prone than the peaceful population,(c)boldness and exploring behaviors were highly repeatable in both populations,thus corroborating our *** results suggest that boldness,exploring,and risk-taking but not foraging are presumably coupled with aggression and indicate the presence of behavioral syndromes in this *** specific ecological conditions,aggression may be coupled with other behaviors and important for finding *** is probably adaptive in ***,possibly indicating that selection favors aggression at least partially,which may counteract the complete loss of intraspecific aggression.

关键词： adaptive value behavioral syndromes boldness exploration repeatability trade-off

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A cross-cultural study of sustainable nutrition and its environmental impact in Asia and Europe:A comparison of China and Germany

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 1-12页

作者： birgit Anika RUMPOLD SUN Lingxiao Nina LANGEN YU Ruide Department Education for Sustainable Nutrition and Food Science Technical University BerlinBerlin14052Germany State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi830011China

Global challenges such as climate change,biodiversity loss,and health crises necessitate a shift towards sustainable *** sustainability into food-based dietary guidelines(FBDGs)is essential for this shift,and cultural considerations also play a vital role,as food culture significantly influences dietary *** that Asia and Europe exhibit distinct food cultures,tailored approaches are ***,countries face diverse nutritional challenges,ranging from malnutrition to diet-related diseases,and regional variation in environmental impact necessitates context-specific *** sustainable nutrition depends on understanding cultural influences and regional *** paper compares China’s and Germany’s dietary guidelines and dietary patterns and their impact on *** shows that Chinese and German FBDGs only slightly differ,despite the different eating cultures and habits of each *** the recommended amounts for eggs and fish are considerably higher in China than in ***,in both China and Germany,actual dietary patterns deviate from the dietary *** China,concomitant with economic growth and urbanization,a dietary shift towards increased consumption of animal products and decreased consumption of vegetables and cereals has been observed in the last decades,which has led to a decline in nutritional deficiencies but an increase in obesity and *** and overweight are also on the rise in Germany.A dietary shift could therefore also be beneficial for public *** following the respective national guidelines would benefit the environment,alternative diets such as a plant-based diet offer even lower environmental *** guidelines to prioritize sustainability in addition to health aspects while considering regional contexts and cultural preferences is recommended to foster sustainable eating habits *** approach is pivotal for promoting die

关键词： Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) Dietary shift Planetary health diet Dietary patterns Sustainable nutrition Greenhouse gas (GHG)emission

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Smarter in the city?Lizards from urban and semi-natural habitats do not differ in a cognitive task in two syntopic species

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 361-370页

作者： Isabel Damas-Moreira birgit Szabo Georgios Drosopoulos Carolin Stober Duje Lisičić Barbara ACaspers Department of Behavioural Ecology Bielefeld University33615Germany Division of Behavioural Ecology University of Bern3032Switzerland Department of Biology University of Zagreb10000Croatia Joint Institute of Individualisation in a Changing Environment(JICE) University of Münster and Bielefeld University33615Germany

Urbanization occurs at a global scale,imposing dramatic and abrupt environmental changes that lead to biodiversity ***,some animal species can handle these changes,and thrive in such artifcial *** possible explanation is that urban individuals are equipped with better cognitive abilities,but most studies have focused on birds and mammals and yielded varied *** have received much less attention,despite some lizard species being common city *** Italian wall lizard,Podarcis siculus,and the common wall lizard,Podarcis muralis,are two successful lizards in anthropogenic habitats that thrive in urban *** test for differences in a cognitive skill between urban and semi-natural environments,we investigated inhibitory control through a detour task in syntopic populations of the two species,across 249 lizards that were tested in partially artifcial feld *** inhibitory control is considered essential for higher degrees of cognitive fexibility and other higher-level cognitive *** this task,we confronted lizards with a transparent barrier,separating them from a desired shelter area that they could only reach by controlling their impulse to go straight and instead detour the *** found no differences between lizards in urban and semi-natural environments,nor between species,but females overall performed better than ***,48%of the lizards in our study did not perform a correct trial in any of the 5 trials,hinting at the diffculty of the task for these spe*** study is among the frst to address lizard cognition,through their inhibitory control,as a potential explanation for success in cities and highlights one should be careful with assuming that urban animals generally have enhanced cognitive performance,as it might be taxa,task,or condition dependent.

关键词： Podarcis siculus Podarcis muralis Behavior Cognition Detour task Reptile.

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Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja M.Maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan Potter Jacob P.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton birgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,independent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

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严谨的研究务实的呈现

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家族企业 2024年第5期 88-93页

作者：赫尔穆特·科尔曼苏明月德国福伊特集团西交利物浦大学

在关于家族企业教育的系列访谈中,我们采访了众多中外相关领域的杰出学者和教师,本期专栏我们访问的是家族企业研究与教育领域的先驱与开拓者一一美国佛蒙特大学格罗斯曼商学院(GSB)施莱辛格-格罗斯曼家族企业教授、《家族企业评论》前... 详细信息

在关于家族企业教育的系列访谈中,我们采访了众多中外相关领域的杰出学者和教师,本期专栏我们访问的是家族企业研究与教育领域的先驱与开拓者一一美国佛蒙特大学格罗斯曼商学院(GSB)施莱辛格-格罗斯曼家族企业教授、《家族企业评论》前主编普拉莫蒂塔·夏尔马(Pramodita Sharma)。

关键词：家族企业格罗斯曼佛蒙特施莱辛格商学院夏尔马

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经济衰退的德国视角

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家族企业 2024年第4期 73-76页

作者：赫尔穆特·科尔曼苏明月德国福伊特集团(Voith AG) 德国齐柏林大学莱比锡大学西交利物浦大学

在准备应对下一次经济衰退时,围绕家族企业进行有关“克服危机的特殊能力”的讨论具有现实意义。2023年5月底,德国联邦统计局以“德国经济衰退”为题发布报告,称德国第二季度国民生产总值呈负增长。德国经济的发展态势究竟如何?以长期... 详细信息

在准备应对下一次经济衰退时,围绕家族企业进行有关“克服危机的特殊能力”的讨论具有现实意义。2023年5月底,德国联邦统计局以“德国经济衰退”为题发布报告,称德国第二季度国民生产总值呈负增长。德国经济的发展态势究竟如何?以长期发展为导向的家族企业应当如何应对?企业要想更好地应对经济衰退,最重要的是在衰退之前就采取行动。

关键词：家族企业经济衰退国民生产总值德国视角负增长经济的发展如何应对现实意义

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Zoonotic sources and the spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of low and middle-income countries

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 73-87页

作者： Ioana D.Olaru birgit Walther Frieder Schaumburg Institute of Medical Microbiology University of MünsterMünsterGermany Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy Robert Koch-InstituteBerlinGermany Department of Environmental Hygiene German Environment AgencyBerlinGermany

Background Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing challenge in low and middle-income countries as it is wide-spread in these countries and is linked to an increased *** from human and environmental factors,animal-related drivers of antimicrobial resistance in low-and middle-income countries have special features that differ from high-income *** aim of this narrative review is to address the zoonotic sources and the spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of low-and middle-income *** body Contamination with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL)-producingEscherichia coli is highest in poultry(Africa:8.9–60%,Asia:53–93%)and there is a risk to import *** through poultry meat in *** aquacultures,the proportion of ESBL-producers *** can be high(27%)but the overall low quality of published studies limit the general conclusion on the impact of aquacultures on human *** colonization of wildlife is 1–9%in bats or 2.5–63%*** most of them are migratory animals,they can disperse antimicrobial resistant bacteria over large ***-called‘filth flies’are a relevant vector not only of enteric pathogens but also of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in settings where sanitary systems are *** Africa,up to 72.5%of‘filth flies’are colonized with ***,mostly conferred by CTX-M(24.4–100%).While methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus plays a minor role in livestock in Africa,it is frequently found in South America in poultry(27%)or pork(37.5–56.5%)but less common in Asia(poultry:3%,pork:1–16%).Conclusions Interventions to contain the spread of AMR should be tailored to the needs of low-and middle-income *** comprise capacity building of diagnostic facilities,surveillance,infection prevention and control in small-scale farming.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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非经营股东如何履行职责?

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家族企业 2024年第8期 83-84页

作者：赫尔穆特·科尔曼苏明月柴昱晟(译) 不详

多年来,我们一直为《家族企业》杂志撰写专栏,内容包括:以博世等老牌大型知名企业为起点,介绍德国家族企业的发展实例;专访家族企业主,包括大型或小型企业的领导者,也有作为家族企业职业经理人的管理者;我们深入探讨了家族企业的各类管... 详细信息

多年来,我们一直为《家族企业》杂志撰写专栏,内容包括:以博世等老牌大型知名企业为起点,介绍德国家族企业的发展实例;专访家族企业主,包括大型或小型企业的领导者,也有作为家族企业职业经理人的管理者;我们深入探讨了家族企业的各类管理问题,尤其是这些企业的战略规划,以及学术界对于这些企业的主要研究成果。

关键词：家族企业职业经理人小型企业战略规划企业的发展履行职责研究成果知名企业

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BAK-up:the receptor kinase BAK-TO-LIFE 2 enhances immunity when BAK1 is lacking

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Stress Biology 2023年第1期3卷 463-467页

作者： Vahid Fallahzadeh-Mamaghami Hannah Weber birgit Kemmerling ZMBP University TubingenAuf der Morgenstelle 32Tübingen 72076Germany

BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1(BAK1/SERK3)and its closest homolog BAK1-LIKE 1(BKK1/SERK4)are leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases(LRR-RKs)belonging to the SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE(SERK)*** act as co-receptors of various other LRR-RKs and participate in multiple signaling events by complexing and transphosphorylating ligand-binding *** identified as the brassinosteroid receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1(BRI1)co-receptor,BAK1 also functions in plant immunity by interacting with pattern recognition *** in BAK1 and BKK1 cause severely stunted growth and cell death,characterized as autoimmune cell *** factors play a role in this type of cell death,including RKs and components of effector-triggered immunity(ETI)signaling pathways,glycosylation factors,ER quality control components,nuclear trafficking components,ion channels,and Nod-like receptors(NLRs).The Shan lab has recently discovered a novel RK BAK-TO-LIFE 2(BTL2)that interacts with BAK1 and triggers cell death in the absence of BAK1 and *** RK compensates for the loss of BAK1-mediated pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)by activating phytocytokine-mediated immune and cell death responses.

关键词： BAK1 Cell death Receptor kinase BTL2 PTI ETI

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