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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第5期87卷 1460-1471页

作者： Kapesa LOKHO birendra p.singh Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG) Center of Advanced Study in Geology Panjab University

An ichnofossil assemblage is preserved in sediments of the Middle Bhuban Formation, Surma Group, of Miocene age from the Durtlang and Chanmari sections, Aizawl district, Mizoram, northeastern India. The studied sections comprise a thick, bioturbated and thinly bedded sandstone-silty shale facies. The preserved ichnofossils show high density and low diversity with the assemblage represented by feeding and resting traces, i.e., psilonichnus upsilon Frey et al., 1984, Ophiomorpha isp., Teichichnus spiralis Mikulas. 1990, Skolithos isp., palaeophycus isp., and other horizontal burrows. Sedimentary structures associated with these traces are mainly cross bedding, flaser bedding and slump structures. Considering the distribution of the psilonichnus ichnogenus across an integrated ichnological-sedimentological framework, the stratigraphic interval of the Middle Bhuban Formation, in which they occur, are interpreted to have been deposited under a shallow, marginal-marine channel complex dominated by tidal channels developed in quiet, brackish-water portions of a delta plain.

关键词： Ichnology Miocene (Burdigalian) psilonichnus Skolithos Assam-Arakan Basin

Cambrian Stratigraphy and Faunal Elements Along the Kurgiakh-Surichun La Section(Kurgiakh Valley),Zanskar-Spiti Basin of Northwest Himalaya

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 265-266页

作者： birendra p.singh H.No.37 Hari Vihar(Vijay Park)

The Cambrian rocks are well exposed along the Kurgiakh-Surichun La section,situated 78 km SE of the padam Village along a track route at 33°03′787″N and 77°013′647″E in between the Kurgiakh and Surichun La,in Kurgiakh Valley(southeastern Zanskar).Around 715 m thick Cambrian succession was measured along the right and left banks of

关键词： Cambrian ichnofossils trilobites Kurgiakh-Surichun La Lejopyge laeivigata Cruziana-Skolithos ichnofacies

Ichnology and Depositional Environment of the Cambrian Nagaur Sandstone (Nagaur Group) Along the Dulmera Section, Bikaner-Nagaur Basin, Rajasthan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第6期88卷 1665-1680页

作者： birendra p.singh O.N.BHARGAVA Ravi S.CHAUBEY Naval KISHORE Department of Geology (CAS) Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India 103 Sector-7 Panchkula (Haryana) 134109 India

The Lower Cambrian Nagaur Sandstone（Marwar Supergroup） has yielded trace fossils Treptichnus, Cruziana, serially repeated Rusophycus, Diplichnites, Monomorphichnus, Bergaueria,arthropod swimming traces and leap frogging marks of Cruziana ichnofacies. This ichnofossils assemblage is dominantly preserved in fine to medium grained red sandstone beds of the Mohra Member（Nagaur Sandstone）. The presence of graded rip-up clasts, current ripples, dune crossstratification with mud drapes and tidal bundles indicates a subtidal paleoenvironment for the deposition of Nagaur Sandstone Formation, which is corroborated by the Cruziana ichnofacies trace fossil assemblage.

关键词： Nagaur Sandstone Mohra Member trace fossils Cruziana ichnofacies subtidal paleoenvironment

Implications of future climate change on crop and irrigation water requirements in a semi-arid river basin using CMIp6 GCMs

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第11期14卷 1234-1257页

作者： Kunal KARAN Dharmaveer singh pushpendra K singh birendra BHARATI Tarun p.singh Ronny BERNDTSSON Department of Water Engineering and Management Central University of JharkhandBrambeRanchi 835205India Symbiosis Institute of Geo-informatics Symbiosis International(Deemed University)Pune 411016India Water Resources Systems Division National Institute of HydrologyRoorkee 247667India Division of Water Resources Engineering&Centre for Advanced Middle Eastern Studies Lund UniversityLund Box 11722100Sweden

Agriculture faces risks due to increasing stress from climate change,particularly in semi-arid *** of understanding of crop water requirement(CWR)and irrigation water requirement(IWR)in a changing climate may result in crop failure and socioeconomic problems that can become detrimental to agriculture-based economies in emerging nations *** research in CWR and IWR has largely focused on large river basins and scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison project phase 3(CMIp3)and Coupled Model Intercomparison project phase 5(CMIp5)to account for the impacts of climate change on *** basins,however,are more susceptible to regional climate change,with more significant impacts on *** study estimates CWRs and IWRs for five crops(sugarcane,wheat,cotton,sorghum,and soybean)in the pravara River Basin(area of 6537 km^(2))of India using outputs from the most recent Coupled Model Intercomparison project phase 6(CMIp6)General Circulation Models(GCMs)under Shared Socio-economic pathway(SSp)245 and SSp585 *** increase in mean annual rainfall is projected under both scenarios in the 2050s and 2080s using ten selected CMIp6 *** for all crops may decline in almost all of the CMIp6 GCMs in the 2050s and 2080s(with the exceptions of ACCESS-CM-2 and ACCESS-ESM-1.5)under SSp245 and SSp585 *** availability of increasing soil moisture in the root zone due to increasing rainfall and a decrease in the projected maximum temperature may be responsible for this decline in ***,except for soybean and cotton,the projected IWRs for all other three crops under SSp245 and SSp585 scenarios show a decrease or a small increase in the 2050s and 2080s in most CMIp6 *** findings are important for agricultural researchers and water resource managers to implement long-term crop planning techniques and to reduce the negative impacts of climate change and associated rainfall variability to avert crop failure and agricultural

关键词： climate change crop water requirement irrigation water requirement CMIp6 GCMs emission scenario pravara River Basin

Effects of in ovo delivered xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides on growth performance,intestinal immunity,cecal short-chain fatty acids,and cecal microbiota of broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1099-1114页

作者： Amit Kumar singh Utsav prakash Tiwari birendra Mishra Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa1955 East-West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background:This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides(XOS and MOS)differing in the degree of polymerization.A total of 192 fertilized eggs were divided into 6 treatment groups:i)normal saline control(NSC),ii)xylotriose(XOS3),iii)xylotetraose(XOS4),iv)mannotriose(MOS3),v)mannotetraose(MOS4),and vi)no injection control(NIC),each containing 4 replicate trays with 8 eggs per *** d 17 of incubation,3 mg of oligosaccharides(except for controls)dissolved in 0.5 mL of 0.85%normal saline were injected into the amnion of Cobb 500 broilers *** hatch,the chicks were raised for 28 d under standard husbandry practices and were fed a commercial broilers diet ad libitum,and samples were collected ***:The hatchability,growth performance,and relative weights of breast,drumstick,liver,and proventriculus were not different among the treatments(p>0.05).The XOS3 injection increased the total short-chain fatty acid production at d 28 compared with both control groups(ppt depth ratio was significantly higher in the XOS4 group than both controls on the hatch day(pp>0.05).On the hatch day,the expression level of the CD3 gene(a T cell marker)was increased by XOS3,while the IL-10 gene(a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine)was reduced by MOS4(ppared with both *** with both controls,XOS3 exhibited a trend of reduction for IL-10(p=0.074).No cytokines or lymphocyte markers were affected by the treatments on d 7(p>0.05),except XOS4 increased IL-4 compared with NSC(pp had higher operational taxonomic units(OTUs)and had more differentially abundant taxa,including order Lactobacillales and family Leuconostocaceae(ppredictive functional profiling indicated that the linoleic acid metabolism pathway w

关键词： Broilers Gut health Immunity in ovo Mannanoligosaccharides Microbiota Oligosaccharides prebiotics Xylooligosaccharides

Effects of supplemental xylanase and xylooligosaccharides on production performance and gut health variables of broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第1期13卷 166-180页

作者： Amit K.singh birendra Mishra Michael R.Bedford Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA AB Vista Feed Ingredients MarlboroughWiltshireUK

Background:This study evaluated the effects of supplemental xylanase and xylooligosaccharides(XOS)in a cornsoybean meal(SBM)-based diet on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers.A total of 288 day-old chicks(Cobb 500)were allocated to 36 floor pens(8 birds/pen)equally in 9 dietary treatments in a 3×3 factorial *** treatments were combinations of 3 levels of xylanase(0,0.005% and 0.01% Econase XT)and 3 levels of prebiotics(0,0.005% and 0.01% XOS)added to basal mash diets formulated in three phases(starter,d 0-14;grower,d 15-28;finisher,d 29-42).The feed intake and body weights were recorded *** d 42,ileal sections were collected for histomorphometric and gene expression analysis,and cecal content was collected for determining short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)and ***:Xylanase linearly(pperiod and the final body weight gain(FBWG,2940&2932 vs.2760 g)of *** did not significantly increase either ADG or FBWG(p>0.05).Supplemental xylanase and XOS did not affect average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio(p>0.05).Xylanase and XOS did not change villus height(VH)or crypt depth(CD)ratio(p>0.05).However,xylanase exhibited a trend(p=0.097)on VH:CD *** inclusion of 0.01%XOS without xylanase increased the level of IL-10(a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine)and IL-4(a T-cell differentiation cytokine)genes compared with control(pproduction was increased by xylanase(pppp=0.052).Alpha and beta diversity of microbiota among treatments were not different(p>0.05).However,the mean proportion of family Ruminococcaceae was increased by the supplemental 0.01% xylanase(p<0.01).Conclusion:It can be concluded that XOS can enhance cecal fermentation,while xylanase can increase the body weight gain along with the ferment

关键词： Gene expression Histomorphology Microbiota poultry prebiotics Short-chain fatty acid Xylooligosaccharide

Early Cambrian Ichnofossils from the Mussoorie Syncline and revision of Trace Fossil Biozonation of the Lesser Himalaya, India

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第2期88卷 380-393页

作者： birendra p. singh Kapesa Lokho Naval Kishore Nancy Virmani Center of Advanced Study in Geology Panjab University Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology

A new locality bearing ichnofossils of the Cruziana Assemblage Zone-Ⅲ from the Mussoorie syncline,Lesser Himalaya,is located in rocks of Member-B of the Dhaulagiri Formation,Tal Group,exposed along the Maldewta-Chhimoli fresh road cut *** site yielded ichnofossils Bergaueria perata,Cochlichnus anguineus,？Diplocraterion isp.,Dimorphichnus obliquus,diplichnitiform Cruziana bonariensis,Diplichnites gouldi,Glockeria isp.,Helminthopsis isp.,Monomorphichnus lineatus,phycodes palmatum,palaeophycus striatus,planolites beverleyensis,planolites montanus,Treptichnus ***,scratch marks and an undetermined worm *** Early Cambrian age （Cambrian Series 2） is assigned to the ichnofossil-bearing strata based on the stratigraphic position between the Drepanuroides and palaeoolenus trilobite zones.A revised Cambrian ichnofossil zonation is presented for the Tal Group of the Mussoorie *** with their occurrence on rippled surfaces,and the lateral displacement of some trackways （due to current action）,a sub-aqueous shallow-marine depositional setting is proposed for the rocks of Member-B.

关键词： Ichnology Cruziana Assemblage Zone Cambrian Series 2 shallow-marine northern India

Effect of potassium on soil conservation and productivity of maize/cowpea based crop rotations in the north-west Indian Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第4期13卷 754-762页

作者： birendra Nath GHOSH Om pal singh KHOLA Ranjan BHATTACHARYYA Kuldeep.singh DADHWAL prasant Kumar MISHRA ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation 218-Kaulagarh RoadDehradunUttarakhand-248195India CESCRA NRL BuildingICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012India

plots under conservation tillage may require higher amount of potassium(K) application for augmenting productivity due to its stratification in upper soil layers, thereby reducing K supplying capacity in a medium or long-term period. To test this hypothesis, a field experiment was performed in 2002-2003 and 2006-2007 to study the effect of K and several crop rotations on yield, water productivity, carbon sequestration, grain quality, soil K status and economic benefits derived in maize(Zea mays L)/cowpea(Vigna sinensis L.) based cropping system under minimum tillage(MT). All crops recorded higher grain yield with a higher dose of K(120 kg K2 O ha-1) than recommended K(40 kg K2 O ha-1). The five years' average yield data showed that higher K application(120 kg K2 O ha-1) produced 16.4%(ppea based rotation yielded 14.2%(pproduction than maize based rotation. The maximum enhancement was found in cowpea-mustard rotation. Relationship between yield and sustainable indices revealed that only agronomic efficiency of fertilizer input was significantly correlated with yield. Similarly, higherdoses of K application not only increased the water use efficiency(WUE) of all crops, but also reduced runoff and soil loss by 16.5% and 15.8% under maize and 23.3% and 19.7% under cowpea cover, respectively. This study also revealed that on an average 16.5% of left over carbon input contributed to soil organic carbon(SOC). Here, cowpea based rotation with the higher K application increased carbon sequestration in soil. potassium fertilization also significantly improved the nutritional value of harvested grain by increasing the protein content for maize(by 9.5%) and cowpea(by 10.6%). The oil content in mustard increased by 5.0% and 6.0% after maize and cowpea, respectively. Net return also increased with the application of the higher K than recommended K and the trend was similar to yield. Hence, the present study demonstrated the pote

关键词：土壤钾素状况玉米产量喜马拉雅山作物轮作土壤保护生产力豇豆印度

Elevation, Slope Aspect and Integrated Nutrient Management Effects on Crop productivity and Soil Quality in North-west Himalayas, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1208-1217页

作者： birendra Nath GHOSH Narinder Kumar SHARMA Nurnabi Meherul ALAM Raman Jeet singh Gopal prasad JUYAL Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute 218 Kaulagarh Road Dehradun-248 195 Uttarakhand India

在农场简历资源上，再循环明确地与保存农业的介绍被给了更大的强调 withclimate 变化情形在西北 Himalaya 区域(NWHR ) 中间山。在这种变化情形，举起，斜坡方面和综合营养素下面，管理(INM ) 可以显著地影响土壤质量和庄稼生产率。研... 详细信息

在农场简历资源上，再循环明确地与保存农业的介绍被给了更大的强调 withclimate 变化情形在西北 Himalaya 区域(NWHR ) 中间山。在这种变化情形，举起，斜坡方面和综合营养素下面，管理(INM ) 可以显著地影响土壤质量和庄稼生产率。研究处于一个 rainfed 条件在 NWHR 的 Ashti 分水岭在 20092010 ～ 20102011 期间被进行在土壤资源和庄稼生产率上检验举起，斜坡方面和综合滋养的管理(INM ) 的影响。二年农场示范试用显示庄稼生产率和土壤质量被举起，斜坡方面和 INM 显著地影响。结果证明改进技术的小麦等价物产量(WEY ) 与常规系统相比由 20%37% 增加了庄稼生产率。与豇豆和大豆玉米杂种由另一 8%17% 提高了产量。诺思方面和更高的举起与南方方面和低举起相比由 15%25% 增加了庄稼生产率(除了稻) 。与豇豆和大豆玉米杂种由另一 8%15% 提高了产量。不管斜坡，举起和收割系统， WEY 由于 INM 技术在这个区域增加了 30% 。举起，斜坡方面和 INM 的影响显著地影响了土壤资源(SQI ) 和土壤碳变化(SCC ) 。 SCC 显著地与 SQI 被相关为常规( R plus-plus ”> 2 p>=0.65*)， INM 技术( R plus-plus ”> 2 p>=0.81*)并且为两种技术( R plus-plus ”> 2 p>=0.73*)。它被推荐那在更高的举起。(除了稻土壤) 与面对斜坡的北方， INM 为更高的庄稼生产率被推荐；土壤资源的保存为 NWHR 的中间的山被推荐；并且 SCC 的单个价值作为为这个区域的 SQI 适当。

关键词：喜马拉雅山区土壤质量低海拔西北部作物生产力管理养分坡度

Dietary supplementation of dried plum:a novel strategy to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1056-1072页

作者： Sanjeev Wasti Nirvay Sah Amit K.singh Chin N.Lee Rajesh Jha birendra Mishra Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background:Heat stress is a significant problem in the poultry industry,causing a severe economic loss due to its detrimental effects on chickens’health and *** plum(Dp)is a good source of minerals,vitamins,antioxidants,and phenolic *** have suggested that Dp has several health benefits,such as maintaining the body’s redox system,immune status,and calcium *** on the health benefits of Dp,we hypothesized that the dietary supplementation of Dp would alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler ***:To test the hypothesis,day-old broiler chicks(n=72)were randomly allocated to three treatment groups(n=24/group):no heat stress(NHS),heat stress(HS),and heat stress with dried plum(HS+Dp),and reared under standard *** inclusion of 2.5%Dp in the feed of the HS+Dp group was made during the treatment period,while birds in other groups were provided with a standard finisher *** 21 days,birds in the HS and HS+Dp groups were exposed to cyclic heat stress conditions(33℃ for 8 h during daytime)for 3 weeks,while those in the NHS group were reared under normal conditions(22-24℃).Weekly body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate the average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),and feed conversion ratio(FCR).Heat stress significantly decreased the final body weight,ADG,ADFI,and increased FCR compared to the NHS group,whereas dietary supplementation of Dp significantly improved these growth performance parameters compared to the HS ***,supplementation of Dp significantly increased the expression of heat shock protein-related genes(HSF1,HSF3,HSp70,and HSp90),antioxidant-related genes(SOD1,SOD2,GpX1,GpX3,pRDX1,and TXN),tight junction-related genes(CLDN1,and OCLN),and immune-related genes(IL4,MUC2)in the ileum as compared to the HS *** microbiota analysis showed significant enrichment of Bacillales,Christensenellaceae,Bacillaceae,peptostreptococcaceae,and Anaerot

关键词： Dried plum Gene expression Heat stress Microbiota Mitigation