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Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV Positive Nigerian Children: A Case Series

World Journal of AIDS 2011年第3期1卷 63-69页

作者： Regina Oladokun Bamidele Kolude Gabriel Ogun biobele brown Kikelomo Osinusi 不详

Background: HIV associated KS is relatively rare in children and has been reported to be higher in East Africa compared to other regions. Literature on cases of histologically proven Kaposi sarcoma in children with HIV infection in West Africa is scanty. Case presentation: This communication presents three cases of KS seen among children in a paediatric HIV unit. The first case was an eleven year old HIV positive boy who had oral candidiasis that resolved with treatment and subsequently developed a painless, erythematous swelling at the middle of the dorsum of the tongue with central loss of papillae. He also had multiple discoid hyperpigmented flat lesions on the legs and soles of the feet. In addition to switching to second line antiretroviral therapy, he had chemotherapy. The lesions regressed. The second case was a double orphan who had KS involvement of the right eye, nasal cavity and lymph nodes. The tumour rapidly progressed and the child died before ART and chemotherapy could be commenced. The last case was a five year old girl with mild KS of the skin but also had other manifestations of severe HIV disease which she succumbed to. Incisional biopsies of the lesions revealed an invasive epithelial lined vascular tumour destroying the upper layers of skeletal fibres within the connective tissue stroma in keeping with KS. Human Herpes Virus type 8 (HHV8) screen was also positive for all the cases. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion must be entertained and biopsy of suspicious muco-cutaneous lesions is necessary to exclude a diagnosis of KS which is an indicator of severity and progression of HIV.

关键词： Kaposi Sarcoma HIV Infection Children West Africa

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Prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV Infections among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Southwestern Nigeria: A Case-Control Study

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World Journal of AIDS 2021年第3期11卷 101-119页

作者： Georgina N. Odaibo Oluwatoyin A. Babalola Onoja M. Akpa Foluke A. Fasola Abayomi Odetunde biobele brown Nanfisat A. Alamukii Chinedum P. Babalola Adeyinka G. Falusi Department of Virology COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria IMRAT COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Haematology COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Paediatrics COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Sickle Cell Hope Alive Foundation (SCHAF) Ibadan Nigeria

Aim: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among individuals with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Methodology: In this case-control study, 1017 patients with SCD and 1017 age and gender matched controls were enrolled from 6 health facilities and some communities in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Blood samples were tested for the presence of HIV, HBV and HCV infections. Structured questionnaire was used to capture participants’ information and data analyzed using descriptive statistics, McNemar Chi-square/Fishers exact test. Results: Blood transfusion was significantly more common among SCD cases [566 (55.7%)] than controls [54 (5.3%)], while history of vaccination was higher in the control group (p = 0.001). The overall prevalence of HIV [2 (0.2%) vs 11 (1.1%)], HBV [58 (5.7) vs 66 (6.5%)] and HCV [10 (1.0) vs 22 (2.2%)] was lower among SCD cases than controls, respectively, although significantly different only in HCV infection (p = 0.048). All three infections were significantly higher in adults than in children. Co-infection was found only in four of the participants, all of whom were SCD patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infection among SCD patients indicates an improvement in the transfusion safety measures in the region. The prevalence of HBV and HCV found in this study is still relatively high when compared with reports from some other regions. There is a need for continued surveillance and subsidized cost of drugs for treatment of these infections, especially for SCD patients who already have a compromised immunity.

关键词： Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sickle Cell Disease Prevalence

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Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV Positive Nigerian Children: A Case Series

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World Journal of AIDS（艾滋病） 2011年第3期

作者： Regina Oladokun Bamidele Kolude Gabriel Ogun biobele brown Kikelomo Osinusi

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Missed Opportunities for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第3期4卷 356-364页

作者： Babatunde O. Ogunbosi Regina E. Oladokun Olutosin Awolude biobele J. brown Olubukola A. Adeshina Modupe Kuti Babafemi Taiwo Baiba Berzins Demetrious N. Kyriacou Ellen G. Chadwick Kikelomo Osinusi Isaac F. Adewole Robert L. Murphy Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Paediatrics University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Internal Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago USA Center for Global Health Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago USA Department of Emergency Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago USA Department of Pediatrics Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago USA

Background: Nigeria has the largest paediatric HIV-infected population in the world. Missed opportunities for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) compromise efforts at eliminating new pediatric HIV infections. Methods: Six hundred children, aged < 15 years, presenting to the pediatric units of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan Southwest Nigeria between June to December 2007 were studied. The demographics, HIV status and socioeconomic status of mothers and their children were studied. A 4-step hierarchy was used to assess the missed opportunities for PMTCT. Step 1: utilization of a health facility for antenatal care and delivery;Step 2: maternal HIV status determination during pregnancy;Step 3: provision of antiretroviral medication to HIV-infected mother and baby;and Step 4: avoidance of mixed feeding in HIV-exposed children. The rates of missed opportunities for PMTCT services at different steps in the PMTCT cascade, perinatal transmission rates, and associated factors were reported. Results: There were 599 mothers and 600 children (one set of twins), 60 (10%) were HIV infected and 56 (93.3%) of these were adjudged perinatally infected. Of 78 HIV-infected women, 7 (9.0%) accessed all interventions in the PMTCT cascade and 71 (91.0%) had missed opportunities for PMTCT. Missed opportunities for PMTCT occurred 42.9% in cascade Step 1, 64.2% in Step 2, 52.6% in step 3 and 73.7% in Step 4. All mother-baby pairs who accessed complete PMTCT interventions received care at a teaching hospital. Among infants with perinatal HIV infection, 53 (94.6%) were born to mothers who had missed opportunities for PMTCT. Most women with missed opportunities attended antenatal care outside the teaching hospital setting and belonged to low socioeconomic status. Conclusion: It is imperative to expand PMTCT access to women who receive antenatal care outside the teaching hospitals and to those of low socioeconomic status.

关键词： HIV Perinatal Prevention PMTCT Missed Opportunities

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Prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV Infections among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Southwestern Nigeria: A Case-Control Study

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World Journal of AIDS（艾滋病） 2021年第3期

作者： Georgina N.Odaibo Oluwatoyin A.Babalola Onoja M.Akpa Foluke A.Fasola Abayomi Odetunde biobele brown Nanfisat A.Alamukii Chinedum P.Babalola Adeyinka G.Falusi

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