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Frequency and Factors Associated with Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis in African Black Patients: Case-Control Study

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2019年第2期9卷 35-41页

作者： Wendlassida Joelle Tiendrébéogo Zabsonré Fulgence Kaboré Désiré Nanema binta savadogo Alassane Dravé Camille Sompougdou Moussa Ouédraogo Dieu-Donné Ouédraogo Department of Rheumatology University Hospital of Bogodogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Department of Neurology University Hospital of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso

Objective: To study the frequency and factors associated with depression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among Black African patients. Patients and methods: It was a case-control study with a group of patients with RA (case) and a group of healthy subjects without rheumatoid arthritis (con-trols) matched by age and sex. All patients admitted to the rheumatologic department during February 2015 to July 2015 for rheumatoid arthritis meeting the criteria ACR/EULAR 2010, were included. Patients with high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, renal failure or HIV infection have been excluded. Depression was assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Results: Fifty patients with RA were included and compared to 100 healthy controls. For RA patients, it was 39 (78%) female and 11 (22%) male with a sex ratio of 0.28. In the control group, it was 77 (77%) female and 23 (23%) male with a sex ratio of 0.29. Twenty-seven (54%) patients with RA had depression compared with 17 (17%) subjects in the control group (p = 0.000). Impaired quality of life and a DAS 28 score greater than 3.2 were statistically associated with depression during RA with a p value respectively of 0.021 and 0.0000231. Conclusion: Depres-sion is significantly more common during RA than in non-RA controls. RA patients should be screened routinely for depression in order to ensure improved treatment and management.

关键词： Rheumatoid Arthritis Depression Africa Burkina Faso

Nutritional Characterization of Traditional Foods Based on Millet, Sorghum and Cowpea from the North-Central Region of Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 681-694页

作者： Rasmata Dabo Fatoumata Hama-Ba Serge Samandoulgou Aly savadogo Food Technology Department Institute for Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies National Center for Scientific and Technological Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Immunology Training and Research Unit in Life and Earth Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The food and nutrition situation in Burkina Faso, like most developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, is marked by growing food vulnerability. The majority of local dishes are being abandoned in favor of a minority of imported cereal dishes and other ultra-processed foods. This minority of cereal foods is blamed for stunted growth in children, while ultra-processed foods are linked to chronic diseases such as hypertension, certain types of diabetes and cancer. Knowledge of the nutritional value of local foods is needed to determine their nutritional quality. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional values of local dishes based on millet, sorghum and cowpea in the Centre-North region. The methodology consisted of making an inventory of millet-, sorghum- and cowpea-based dishes using focus groups made up of women and men from three age groups comprising young people, adults and the elderly in the communes of Lebda and Boussouma. The dishes were reproduced, and standard biochemical methods were used for nutritional characterization. A total of 34 dishes were inventoried, including 16 millet/sorghum-based dishes, 8 cowpea-based dishes and 10 dishes composed of millet/sorghum and cowpea or leaves. The mean protein, carbohydrate, ash and iron contents per 100 g DM of the three types of dishes were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05), ranging respectively from 13.61 to 22.63 g, 70.76 to 80.88 g, 1.87 to 5.96 g and 7.67 to 12.06 mg. Those for lipid, energy and zinc were not significantly different, ranging from 5.51 to 6.56 g, from 427 to 433 Kcal and from 2.98 to 3.32 mg respectively. Cowpea-based and mixed dishes cover the nutritional requirements for protein, carbohydrates, iron, zinc and energy recommended for children and adults. The consumption of mixed dishes and cowpea-based dishes could be promoted by nutritional policy to reduce stunting and recommended to obese, hypertensive and diabetic people as part of their diet.

关键词： Cereals Legumes Food Nutritional Burkina Faso

Optimization of Diesel and Crude Oil Degradation in a Ghanaian Soil Using Organic Wastes as Amendment

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 1-12页

作者： Adama Sawadogo Innocent Yao Dotse Lawson Hama Cissé Cheikna Zongo Aly savadogo Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology Research and Training Unit Life and Earth Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Soil Science Department School of Agriculture University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Soil contamination by hydrocarbons poses numerous environmental, health and agricultural problems. The degradation of these pollutants can occur naturally but very slowly. It is therefore generally necessary to stimulate this degradation by different means. Thus, this study aimed to improve the bio-degradation of diesel and crude oil in a Ghanaian soil by biostimulation. For this, the sampled soil was characterized by standard methods and contaminated with diesel and crude oil at a proportion of 1% (w/w). Then, contaminated soil samples were supplemented with biochar-compost, poultry manure or cow dung at the proportion of 10% (w/w). Periodically, fractions of these samples were taken to evaluate the density of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) and the residual quantities of diesel or crude oil. The characteristics of the soil used show the need for supplementation for better degradation of hydrocarbons. The results of the study show that supplementing the soil with organic substrates increases HUB loads in soils contaminated by diesel and crude oil. They also show that the residual quantities of diesel and crude oil are generally significantly lower in supplemented soils (p = 0.048 and p < 0.0001 respectively). In addition, the study shows that degradation was generally greater in soils contaminated by diesel compared to those contaminated by crude oil, especially at the end of the study.

关键词： Biodegradation Biostimulation Soil Diesel Crude Oil Organic Amendment Ghana

Corrective Effect of the Angle of Incidence of the Magnetic Field Intensity on the Performance (Series and Shunt Resistances) of a Bifacial Silicon Solar Cell

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Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 313-323页

作者： Idrissa Sourabié Mahamadi savadogo Boubacar Soro Ramatou Saré Christian Zoundi Martial Zoungrana Issa Zerbo Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique de Physique Spatiale et nergtique (L@CAPSE) Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire dEnergies Thermiques Renouvelables (L.E.T.RE) Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This article presents a three-dimensional analysis of the impact of the angle of incidence of the magnetic field intensity on the electrical performance (series resistance, shunt resistance) of a bifacial polycrystalline silicon solar cell. The cell is illuminated simultaneously from both sides. The continuity equation for the excess minority carriers is solved at the emitter and at the depth of the base respectively. The analytical expressions for photocurrent density, photovoltage, series resistance and shunt resistance were deduced. Using these expressions, the values of the series and shunt resistances were extracted for different values of the angle of incidence of the magnetic field intensity. The study shows that as the angle of incidence increases, the slopes of the minority carrier density for the two modes of operation of the solar cell decrease. This is explained by a drop in the accumulation of carriers in the area close to the junction due to the fact that the Lorentz force is unable to drive the carriers towards the lateral surfaces due to the weak action of the magnetic field, which tends to cancel out as the incidence angle increases, and consequently a drop in the open circuit photovoltage. This, in turn, reduces the Lorentz force. These results predict that the p-n junction of the solar cell will not heat up. The study also showed a decrease in series resistance as the incidence angle of the magnetic field intensity increased from 0 rad to π/2 rad and an increase in shunt resistance as the incidence angle increased. His behaviour of the electrical parameters when the angle of incidence of the field from 0 rad to π/2 rad shows that the decreasing magnetic field vector tends to be collinear with the electron trajectory. This allows them to cross the junction and participate in the external current. The best orientation for the Lorentz force is zero, in which case the carriers can move easily towards the junction.

关键词： Angle of Incidence Magnetic Field Intensity Bifacial Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Series Resistance Shunt Resistance

Microbial Quality and Molecular Identification of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Dried, Smoked, and Braised Fish Sold in Ouagadougou Markets

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 59-76页

作者： Arouna Ouédraogo Ganamé Abasse Ouédraogo Henri Sidabéwindin Ouédraogo François Tchoumbougnang Cheikna Zongo Aly savadogo Laboratoire de Biochimie et d’Immunologie Appliqué es (LABIA) Universit&eacute Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Valorisation et Contrô le de Qualit&eacute Institut des Sciences Halieutiques Universit&eacute de Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: The investigation of toxin genes in strains involved in staphylococcal food poisoning contributes to food safety. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus strains from dried, smoked, and braised fish sold in Ouagadougou markets. Methodology: Staphylococci were isolated using standard microbiology methods. Staphylococcus strains were identified using API Staph kit (Reference # 20500, BioMerieux S.A., Marcy l'Etoile, France). The molecular identification of isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains was specifically confirmed by PCR using the Staur4 and Staur6 primers. The genes encoding enterotoxins, enterotoxin-like toxins, exfoliative toxins, and TSST-1 toxin were detected by multiplex PCR using specific primers from Inquaba Biotec West Africa Ltd, Africa's Genomics Company. Results: The results of the microbiological quality assessment indicated that most of the samples analyzed were found to be of unsatisfactory microbiological quality according to the Staphylococcus aureus microbiological criteria (m = 102). Overall, only 12.55% of samples were satisfactory, while 97.45% were unsatisfactory. The STAPH API gallery allowed the identification of the following species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus capitis. Of the 108 Staphylococcus isolates, 81 (75%) showed at least one (1) toxin gene. Among the 21 toxin genes tested in this study, 20 genes were detected in all strains analyzed. The staphylococcal toxin genes detected were present in both Staphylococcus aureus and the other coagulase-negative strains isolated in this study. In addition, these genes are found individually or in association in certain strains. The most frequent genes detected in toxin gene-positive strains were: the tsst-1 gene in 45 isolated strains (41.7%), sei (16/14.8%), seg (13/12%), ser (

关键词： Fish Stapholocuccus Toxin Genes Ouagadougou

Evaluation of Medical Prescribers’ Theoretical Knowledge on Medical Imaging in the Northern Region of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Radiology 2024年第2期14卷 33-41页

作者： Some Milckisédek Judicaël Marouruana Ouedraogo Pakisba Ali Tankoano Aïda Ida savadogo Habibou Kindo Bassirou Ouedraogo Nina-Astrid Bamouni Yomboé Abel Diallo Ousseini Department of Medical Imaging Ouahigouya Regional University Hospital University of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Souro Sanou University Hospital Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Bogodogo University Hospital Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Workers Health Office Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Yalgado Oudraogo University Hospital Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Medical imaging is a medical specialty that involves producing images of the human body and interpreting them for diagnostic, therapeutic purposes, and for monitoring the progress of pathologies. We aimed to assess the theoretical knowledge of doctors and interns in medical imaging in the northern region of Burkina Faso. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey based on a self-administered questionnaire. Prescribers knowledge was estimated based on scores derived from questionnaire responses. Results: We collected 106 questionnaires out of 163, i.e. a participation rate of 65.03%. The average knowledge score was 81.71% for the contribution of medical imaging to patient management. It was 60.02% for the indications/counter-indications of radiological examinations and 72.56% for the risks associated with exposure to radiation during these examinations. The score was 59.83% for the methods used to select the appropriate radiological examination. As regards the completeness of the clinical and biological information on the forms requesting imaging examinations, the score was 96.65%. Specialist doctors had the highest overall level of knowledge (74.68%). Conclusion: Improved technical facilities, good initial and in-service training, and interdisciplinary collaboration will help to ensure that imaging tests are properly prescribed, leading to better patient care.

关键词： Theoretical Knowledge Medical Imaging Northern Region Burkina Faso

Ethnobotanical and Phytochemical Study of Medicinal Plants Sold in the Markets of the City of N’Djamena

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2024年第4期14卷 121-144页

作者： Djibrine Adoum Oumar Teissir Ibrahim Abakar Hama Cissé Salomon Madjitoloum Betoloum Adama Sawadogo Jean-Ulrich Muandze Nzambe Elisée Mbayngone Abdelsalam Tidjani Aly savadogo Natural Substances Research Laboratory (NSRL) Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences (FEAS) University of NDjamena Chad Tchad Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology (LABI) Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Food Science and Nutrition Research Laboratory (FSNRL) Faculty of Human Health Sciences (FHHS) University of NDjamena Chad Tchad

The use of medicinal plants occupies an important place in traditional Chadian medicine, this study was carried out with the aim of listing the medicinal plants sold in the markets of the city of N’Djamena, and knowledge of the medicinal flora Chad, such as the leaves of Guiera senegalensis in Arabic called Khibeche, the roots of Cassia occidentalis called Am kwala-Kinkéliba in Arabic;the bark of Khaya senegalensis (Desv) A. Juss called Muraї in Arabic and the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum called Helbé in Arabic in order to treat the most frequently cited diseases such as malaria, the common cold, mother and newborn care, and typhoid. Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted from September to December 2022, in three markets in the city of N’Djamena, based on individual interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire, with 30 herbalists and traditional practitioners. Phytochemical screening analyses of the organs of four plants were carried out in the chemistry and biology laboratory of the Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences (FSEA) following a standard protocol established by [1] and slightly modified by [2] [3]. The results of the surveys identified 68 species divided into fifty-five (55) genera and twenty-seven (27) families, the most represented of which were Caesalpiniaceae (10 species), Mimosaceae (5 species) and Combretaceae (4 species). The leaves were the most commonly used parts (43%), with decoction (70%) the most frequently used method of preparation. The oral route was the most popular with 73% of recipes. The phytochemical study revealed a wealth of secondary metabolites such as Trapezoidal Sterols, Alkaloids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Free Quinones, Anthocyane, Anthraquinones, Saponosides and Heterosides. These results can be considered as a source of information for scientific research in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacology.

关键词： Chad (N’Djamena) Medicinal Plants Ethnobotany Screening Phytochemistry

Characterization and Assessment of the Quality of the Water and Sediments of the Islands (Moudou and Birguime) of Lake Fitri in Chad and Confirmation of the Strains Isolated by the PCR Method

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第9期14卷 430-447页

作者： Djibrine Adoum Oumar Adama Sawadogo Atteib Adam Baye Hama Cissé Muandze Nzambe Jean Ulrich Zongo Oumaro Brahim Boy Jacques Etame Abdelsalam Tidjani Zongo Cheikna Aly savadogo Natural Substances Research Laboratory (NSRL) Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences (FEAS) University of NDjamena Chad Tchad Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology (LABI) Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Geosciences Natural Resources and Environment Laboratory University of Douala Douala Cameroon Food Science and Nutrition Research Laboratory (FSNRL) Faculty of Human Health Sciences (FHHS) University of NDjamena Chad Tchad

The problem of access to quality water is a major challenge, as it has a major impact on the socio-economic conditions of people in developing countries. The water from the islands of Lake Fitri is one of the main sources of drinking water for the population. The aim of this study is to characterise and assess the quality of the water and sediment from the islands (Moudou and Birguime) of Lake Fitri, and to confirm the strains isolated using the PCR method. A total of fifty (50) samples of water and fifty (50) sediments from the islands of Lake Fitri were analyzed. Standard methods of microbiological and biochemical analysis of water and sediments were used. Isolated Enterobacteriaceae strains were characterized by API 20 E and API Staph galleries and Salmonella was confirmed by PCR method. Antibiotic resistance was determined using a technique recommended by the antibiogram committee of the French microbiology society (CA-SFM, 2019). The microbiological results for the water showed an abundance of total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF) (4.31 × 106 ± 8.05 × 105 and 5.29 × 106 ± 2.55 × 105) on the Birguime and Moudou islands successively. The microbiological results for the sediment from Birguime and Moudou islands showed an abundance of thermotolerant coliforms (E. coli) (2.05 × 105 ± 5.43 × 104 and 2.27 × 105 ± 3.49 × 104) alternately. The results obtained after incubation of the biochemical tests by the API 20E, API Staph gallery and their numerical profile proposed by the Api software confirmed the contamination. The antibiogram results showed the emergence of certain resistances to the antibiotics Tobramycin, Flucytosine, Amikacin and Teicoplani. The PCR results for Salmonella spp strains were confirmed. As a result, strict monitoring of the water on the various islands of Lake Fitri must be carried out throughout the annual cycle, by specialized personnel, to ensure proper bio-monitoring of these ecosystems.

关键词： Lake Fitri (Chad) Characterization Microbiological Biochemical Resistance and PCR

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Lawsonia inermis Leaf Extracts from Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 552-576页

作者： Ollo Youl Soumaïla Konaté Ernest N. Sombié Rainatou Boly Boukaré Kaboré Moumouni Koala Arouna Zoungrana Saybou savadogo Christian Marc Tahita Innocent Valea Halidou Tinto Adama Hilou Maminata Traoré-Coulibaly Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Applique (LABIOCA) Universit de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Agence Nationale Pour la Scurit Sanitaire de lEnvironnement de lAlimentation du Travail et des Produits de Sant (ANSSEAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche-Dveloppement de Phytomdicaments et Mdicaments (L-RD/PM) Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant (IRSS-CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Physique Applique (LCOPA) cole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (LASVT) cole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Unit de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant (IRSS-CNRST) Nanoro Burkina Faso

Lawsonia inermis is a hairless plant growing in various regions of North Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and the Middle East. It possesses many medicinal attributes, including curative properties against infectious dermatoses. This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical profile of the crude ethanolic extract of the plant leaves and its fractions as well as their antimicrobial activities. The phytochemical profile was performed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric and the aluminum trichloride methods. Antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The presence of flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and triterpenes was revealed. GC-MS detected twelve compounds main compounds consisting of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and phenolic and terpenoid compounds among twenty-seven components. HPLC also detected high contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The most abundant triterpene and sterols were ursolic acid (around 43.14 g/100g DW, 13.9 g/100g dry weight (DW), and 0.68 g/100g DW) in the crude ethanolic extract of leaves (FeLi), hexane fraction (FHLi) and dichloromethane fraction (FDLi), respectively and, β-sitosterol in FeLi (56.7 mg/100g DW), FHLi (10.55 g/100g DW), FDLi (106.1 mg/100g DW) and butanol fraction (FBLi) (357.4 mg/100g DW). Among the flavonoids, rutin = 3.24 g/100g and quercetin = 0.63 g/100g in the ethanolic extract, rutin = 15.73 g/100g in the dichloromethane fraction, and rutin = 0.23 g/100g) in the aqueous fraction;and among phenolic compounds, caffeic acid (37.65 g/100g DW) and vanillic acid (22.70 g/100g DW) were the most important in the ethyl acetate fraction (FAeLi). All organic fractions exhibited interesting antibacterial and antifungal activities against the tested s

关键词： Lawsonia inermis Phytochemical Profile HPLC GC-MS Analysis Antimicrobial Activity