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A perspective on biochar for repairing damages in the soil-plant system caused by climate change-driven extreme weather events

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 817-839页

作者： Abhishek Kumar Tanushree Bhattacharya Santanu Mukherjee binoy sarkar Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Birla Institute of TechnologyMesraRanchi 835215JharkhandIndia School of Agriculture Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesSolan 173229India Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUK

There has been more than 75%rise in the number of extreme weather events such as drought and flood during 2000-2019 compared to 1980-1999 due to the adverse effects of climate change,causing significant deterioration of the soil and water ***,the growing human population has been exerting pressure on available water and soil resources due to overuse or unplanned *** greenhouse gas emissions have intensified,the fertility of agricultural soils has declined globally due to the exposure of soils to frequent flooding,desertification,and salinization(resulting from extreme weather events).The current review aims to give an overview of damages caused to the soil-plant system by extreme weather events and provide a perspective on how biochar can repair the damaged *** is known to improve soil fertility,increase crop productivity and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions via sustainable recycling of *** properties of biochar such as alkaline pH,high cation exchange capacity,abundant surface functional groups,remarkable surface area,adequate porosity,excellent water holding capacity,and sufficient nutrient retention capacity can help repair the adverse effects of extreme weather events in the soil-plant *** paper recommends some cautious future approaches that can propel biochar’s use in improving the soil-plant systems and promoting sustainable functioning of extreme weather-affected areas via mitigation of the adverse effects.

关键词： Biochar Climate change Drought Flood Salinization Temperature rise

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Microbial responses towards biochar application in potentially toxic element(PTE)contaminated soil:a critical review on effects and potential mechanisms

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 993-1013页

作者： Xiao Yang Miao You Siyan Liu binoy sarkar Zhaoshu Liu Xiulan Yan Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

Soil harbors a huge diversity of microorganisms and serves as the ecological and social foundation of human ***,soil health management is of utmost and consistent importance,aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development *** of the most hazardous contaminants in soil matrix is potentially toxic elements(PTEs),which can cause stress in soil indigenous microorganisms and severely jeopardize soil *** technology has emerged as a promising means to alleviate PTE toxicity and benefit soil health *** literature has broadly integrated knowledge about the potential consequences of biochar-amended soil but has focused more on the physical and chemical responses of the soil system than microbiological *** consideration of the indispensable roles of soil microbials,this paper first introduces PTE-induced stresses on soil microbials and then proposes the mechanisms of biochar’s effects on soil ***,microbial responses including variations in abundance,interspecific relationships,community composition and biological functions in biochar-amended soil are critically *** review thus aims to provide a comprehensive scientific view on the effect of biochar on soil microbiological health and its management.

关键词： Soil microbiological health Biogeochemistry Potential toxic elements Biochar Environmental impact assessment

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Conversion of biochar into sulfonate-bearing solid acids used for the hydrolysis of tylosin:the effect of aromaticity and degree of condensation

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 1514-1526页

作者： Qianqian Xie Xiao Yang binoy sarkar Xiaomin Dou Piumi Amasha Withana Yong Sik Ok College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Korea Biochar Research Center APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program&Division of Environmental Science and Ecological EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea International ESG Association(IESGA) Seoul 06621Republic of Korea

In the last few decades,sulfonated carbon materials have garnered significant attention as Brøsted solid acid *** sulfonation process and catalytic activity of sulfonated biochar can be influenced by the aromaticity and degree of condensation exhibited by ***,the relationships between the aromaticity,sulfonating ability,and resultant catalytic activity are not fully *** this study,biochar samples pyrolyzed at 300-650℃ exhibiting different aromaticity and degrees of condensation were sulfonated and employed as sulfonate-bearing solid catalysts for hydrolytically removing *** exhibited excellent hydrolytic performance and their kinetic constants were positively correlated with the total acidity and negatively correlated with their *** study has uncovered the relationship between the structure,properties,sulfonating ability,and subsequent hydrolytic performance of biochar *** was observed that the aromaticity of biochar decreased as the pyrolysis temperature *** pyrolysis temperatures resulted in a reduced degree of condensation,smaller ring size,and an increased number of ring edge sites available for sulfonation,ultimately leading to enhanced catalytic *** findings provide valuable insights into the fundamental chemistry behind sulfonation upgrading of biochar,with the aim of developing functional catalysts for mitigating antibiotics in contaminated water.

关键词： Biochar upgrading Sulfonation Hydrolytic mitigation Tylosin removal Biochar-based solid acids

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Influence of soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties on plant diversity in an arid desert of Western China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2645-2659页

作者： Xiaodong Yang Yanxin Long binoy sarkar Yan Li Guanghui Lv Arshad Ali Jianjun Yang Yue-E.Cao Department of Geography&Spatial Information Technology Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211P.R.China Institute of Resources and Environment Science Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046P.R.China Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Urumqi 830046P.R.China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUK Department of Forest Resources Management College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037Jiangsu ProvinceP.R.China School of Environmental and Geographical Science Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234P.R.China

Soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties are considered the two most influencing factors for maintaining plant ***,the operational mechanisms and which factor is the most influential manipulator remain poorly *** this study,we examine the collaborative influences of soil physicochemical properties(i.e.,soil water,soil organic matter(SOM),salinity,total phosphorus and nitrogen,pH,soil bulk density and fine root biomass)and soil microorganisms(fungi and bacteria)on plant diversity across two types of tree patches dominated by big and small trees(big trees:height≥7 m and DBH≥60 cm;small trees:height≤4.5 m and DBH≤20 cm)in an arid desert *** patch is consists of a single tree or group of trees and their accompanying shrubs and *** was hypothesized that soil physicochemical properties and microorganisms affect plant diversity but their influence *** results show that plant and soil microbial diversity increased with increasing distances from big ***,salinity,fine root biomass,soil water,total phosphorus and total nitrogen contents decreased with increasing distance from big trees,while pH and soil bulk density did not *** and soil microbial diversity were higher in areas close to big trees compared with small trees,whereas soil physicochemical properties were *** average contribution of soil physicochemical properties(12.2%-13.5%)to plant diversity was higher than microbial diversity(4.8%-6.7%).Salinity had the largest negative affect on plant diversity(24.7%-27.4%).This study suggests that soil fungi constrain plant diversity while bacteria improve it in tree *** physicochemical properties are the most important factor modulating plant diversity in arid desert tree patches.

关键词： Arid ecosystem Soil microbial diversity Soil physicochemical properties Plant diversity Soil salinity

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Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

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Biochar 2020年第4期2卷 379-420页

作者： Md Zahangir Hossain Md Mezbaul Bahar binoy sarkar Scott Wilfred Donne Young Sik Ok Kumuduni Niroshika Palansooriya Mary Beth Kirkham Saikat Chowdhury Nanthi Bolan Global Centre for Environmental Remediation Faculty of ScienceThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils CallaghanNSW 2308Australia Agrotechnology Discipline Khulna UniversityKhulna 9208Bangladesh Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUK Discipline of Chemistry The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia O‑Jeong Eco‑Resilience Institute and Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506‑5501USA Department of Soil Science Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhaka 1207Bangladesh

Biochar,an environmentally friendly soil conditioner,is produced using several thermochemical *** has unique characteristics like high surface area,porosity,and surface *** paper reviews the fertilizer value of biochar,and its effects on soil properties,and nutrient use efficiency of *** serves as an important source of plant nutrients,especially nitrogen in biochar produced from manures and wastes at low temperature(≤400℃).The phosphorus,potassium,and other nutrient contents are higher in manure/waste biochars than those in crop residues and woody *** nutrient contents and pH of biochar are positively correlated with pyrolysis temperature,except for nitrogen *** improves the nutrient retention capacity of soil,which depends on porosity and surface charge of *** increases nitrogen retention in soil by reducing leaching and gaseous loss,and also increases phosphorus availability by decreasing the leaching process in ***,for potassium and other nutrients,biochar shows inconsistent(positive and negative)impacts on *** addition of biochar,porosity,aggregate stability,and amount of water held in soil increase and bulk density ***,biochar increases soil pH and,thus,influences nutrient availability for *** also alters soil biological properties by increasing microbial populations,enzyme activity,soil respiration,and microbial ***,nutrient use efficiency and nutrient uptake improve with the application of biochar to ***,biochar can be a potential nutrient reservoir for plants and a good amendment to improve soil properties.

关键词： Biochar Nutrients Manure Soil properties Nutrient use efficiency

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Insights into simultaneous adsorption and oxidation of antimonite[Sb(III)]by crawfish shell-derived biochar:spectroscopic investigation and theoretical calculations

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 561-576页

作者： Hanbo Chen Yurong Gao Jianhong Li Chenghua Sun binoy sarkar Amit Bhatnagar Nanthi Bolan Xing Yang Jun Meng Zhongzhen Liu Hong Hou Jonathan WCWong Deyi Hou Wenfu Chen Hailong Wang School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Foshan University528000 FoshanGuangdongChina Agronomy College Shenyang Agricultural University110866 ShenyangChina Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs110866 ShenyangChina Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Center for Translational AtomaterialsSwinburne University of Technology3122 HawthornVICAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Department of Separation Science LUT School of Engineering ScienceLUT UniversitySammonkatu 12FI-50130 MikkeliFinland School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia6001 PerthWAAustralia The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia6001 PerthWAAustralia Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences510640 GuangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences100012 BeijingChina Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong SARChina School of Environment Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina Guangdong Green Technologies Co. Ltd528100 FoshanChina

Removal of antimonite[Sb(Ⅲ)]from the aquatic environment and reducing its biotoxicity is urgently needed to safeguard environmental and human ***,crawfish shell-derived biochars(CSB),pyrolyzed at 350,500,and 650℃,were used to remediate Sb(Ⅲ)in aqueous *** adsorption data best fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm *** produced at 350℃(CSB350)showed the highest adsorption capacity(27.7 mg g^(−1)),and the maximum 78%oxidative conversion of Sb(Ⅲ)to Sb(V).The adsorption results complemented with infrared(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron(XPS),and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure(NEXAFS)spectroscopy analyses indicated that the adsorption of Sb(Ⅲ)on CSB involved electrostatic interaction,surface complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups(C=O,O=C-O),π-πcoordination with aromatic C=C and C-H groups,and H-bonding with-OH *** functional theory calculations verified that surface complexation was the most dominant adsorption mechanism,whilstπ-πcoordination and H-bonding played a secondary ***,electron spin resonance(ESR)and mediated electrochemical reduction/oxidation(MER/MEO)analyses confirmed that Sb(Ⅲ)oxidation at the biochar surface was governed by persistent free radicals(PFRs)(•O_(2)^(−)and•OH)and the electron donating/accepting capacity(EDC/EAC)of *** abundance of preferable surface functional groups,high concentration of PFRs,and high EDC conferred CSB350 the property of an optimal adsorbent/oxidant for Sb(Ⅲ)removal from *** encouraging results of this study call for future trials to apply suitable biochar for removing Sb(Ⅲ)from wastewater at pilot scale and optimize the process.

关键词： Sorption Heavy metal Synchrotron Density functional theory Contaminated water

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Tale of mitochondria and mitochondria-associated ER membrane in patient-derived neuronal models of Wolfram syndrome

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2587-2588页

作者： Laetitia Aubry Timothy Barrett Sovan sarkar I-STEM CECSCorbeil-EssonnesFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay Universitéd’EvryINSERMI-STEMUMR861Corbeil-EssonnesFrance Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Institute of Biomedical ResearchCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK Department of Endocrinology Birmingham Women’s and Children’s HospitalSteelhouse LaneBirminghamUK

Mitochondria and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane in neurodegenerative diseases:Mitochondria generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the biochemical reactions of cells,and thus are often referred to as the"powerhouse"of the ***,this organelle is also involved in a pleth,ora of different cellular functions such as calcium(Ca^(2+))homeostasis,apoptosis,oxidative stress,and several metabolic pathways including oxidative phosphorylation,tricarboxylic acid cycle,andβ-oxidation of fatty acids.

关键词： oxidative cycle carboxylic

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Spatio-temporal evaluation of Zr plasma parameters in a single-beam-splitting double-pulse laser-induced plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第2期23卷 47-56页

作者： Arnab sarkar Manjeet SINGH Fuel Chemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Homi Bhabha National Institute AnushaktinagarMumbai 400094India

The plasma shielding effect is one of the major weaknesses of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)as it causes non-linearity in signal *** LIBS is typically carried out in constant laser energy,this non-linearity causes a reduction in *** this work,we systematically examine laser-induced plasma,formed by two different excitation source modes,*** pulse(SP)-excitation and single-beam-splitting double-pulse(SBS-DP)-excitation over Zr-2.5%Nb *** two most important plasma parameters influencing the emission line intensity,plasma temperature(Te)and electron density(Ne)were studied and compared for both modes of laser *** of the results conclusively demonstrates that due to the splitting of the laser energy in the SBS-DP mode,the plasma shielding effect is significantly *** reduced plasma shielding translates to an increased laser–sample coupling under SBS-DP *** imaging of the total intensity of the laser-induced plasma in both excitation modes was also *** study shows how the plasma shielding effect can be reduced to improve the analytical quality of the LIBS methodology.

关键词： LIBS single-beam-splitting double pulse spatial-temporal evolution plasma temperature electron density

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Seismic bearing capacity of strip footing on partially saturated soil using modal response analysis

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2022年第3期21卷 641-662页

作者： Abhijit Anand Rajib sarkar Department of Civil Engineering IIT(ISM)DhanbadDhanbad 826004India

The present study proposes a novel and simplified methodology to assess the seismic bearing capacity(SBC) of a shallow strip footing by incorporating strength non-linearity arising due to partial saturation of a soil matrix. Furthermore, developed methodology incorporates the modal response analysis of soil layers to assess SBC. A constant matric suction distribution profile has been considered throughout the depth of the soil. The Van Genuchten equation and corresponding fitting parameters have been considered to quantify matric suction in the analysis. SBC has been obtained for three different geomaterials;viz. sand, fly ash and clay, based on their predominant grain size and diverse soil water characteristics curve(SWCC) attributes. Variation of SBC with different modes of vibration and damping ratio are reported for ranges of matric suction pertinent to the geomaterials considered in the study. The relative significance of matric suction on SBC has been reported for suction values within the transition zone of each geomaterial. It is observed that the SBC of sand is drastically reduced, with matric suction reaching beyond the residual suction value. The SBC of fly ash remains constant beyond the residual suction value, whereas the SBC of clay shows an increasing trend toward the practical range of matric suction values.

关键词： seismic bearing capacity modal analysis matric suction

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Spectral lags of flaring events in LS I+61°303 from RXTE Observations

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第7期16卷 29-38页

作者： Tamal sarkar Samir sarkar Arunava Bhadra High Energy&Cosmic Ray Research Centre University of North BengalSiliguriWB 734013India University Science Instrumentation Centre University of North BengalSiliguriWB 734013India

This work reports the first discovery of（negative） spectral lags in X-ray emission below 10 ke V from the gamma ray binary LS I＋61？303 during large flaring episodes using Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer（RXTE） observations. It is found from the RXTE data that during the flares, low energy（3–5 ke V） variations lead the higher energy（8–10 ke V） variations by a few tens of seconds whereas no significant time lag is observed during the non-flaring states. The observed spectral lag features for flaring events suggest that inverse Compton scattering may be operating, at least in some part of the system. Another possibility is that the sites of particle acceleration may be different for flaring and non-flaring events such as in the microquasar model, in which the flaring radiation may come from hot spots sitting above the black hole while steady state emissions are due to the jets.

关键词： X-rays:binaries X-rays:individual(LS I+61?303)

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