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Bacterial microcompartment-mimicking Pickering emulsion droplets for detoxification of chemical threats under sweet conditions

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第9期67卷 3039-3049页

作者： Xiao Xu Wenqi Xie Ting wu Chen Chen Xiaoning Chen Yuheng Yang Hao Lian Hao Chen Xiaofeng Cheng Zhitong Chen Guojun Chen Chaoqun Liu Lanlan Chen Yu He Zhaowei Chen Bernard P.Binks Huanghao Yang New Cornerstone Science Laboratory MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and BiologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350002China Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Rosalind&Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute McGill UniversityMontreal QC H3A 1A3Canada School of Pharmacy Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Department of Chemistry University of HullHull HU67RXUK

Chemical warfare agents represent a severe threat to mankind and their efficient decontamination is a global ***,traditional disposal strategies have limitations,including high energy consumption,use of aggressive reagents and generation of toxic ***,inspired by the compartmentalized architecture and detoxification mechanism of bacterial microcompartments,we constructed oil-in-water Pickering emulsion droplets stabilized by hydrogen-bonded organic framework immobilized cascade enzymes for decontaminating mustard gas simulant(2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide,CEES)under sweet *** exemplified droplet systems were developed with two-enzyme(glucose oxidase/chloroperoxidase)and threeenzyme(invertase/glucose oxidase/chloroperoxidase)cascades,both achieving over 6-fold enhancement in decontamination efficiency compared with free enzymes and>99% selectivity towards non-toxic *** found that the favored mass transfer of sugars and CEES from their respective phases to approach the cascade enzymes located at the droplet surface and the facilitated substrate channeling between proximally immobilized enzymes were key factors in augmenting the decontamination *** importantly,the robustness of immobilized enzymes enabled easy reproduction of both the droplet formation and detoxification performance over 10 cycles,following long-term storage and in far-field locations.

关键词： Pickering emulsion biomimetics chemical warfare agent bacterial microcompartment biocatalysis

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中国三大粮食作物耕地生态系统碳足迹分析

北京大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第3期60卷 575-584页

作者：李亚宁吴秀芹北京林业大学水土保持学院北京100083 北京林业大学云南建水荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站建水654399

基于2006—2019年全国NPP、三大粮食作物分布和农业生产投入等统计数据,对中国三大粮食作物的碳汇量、农业碳排放量和碳足迹进行估算,并分析三大粮食作物碳汇量的时空格局。结果表明,1)2006—2019年全国三大粮食作物总固碳量持续增加,... 详细信息

基于2006—2019年全国NPP、三大粮食作物分布和农业生产投入等统计数据,对中国三大粮食作物的碳汇量、农业碳排放量和碳足迹进行估算,并分析三大粮食作物碳汇量的时空格局。结果表明,1)2006—2019年全国三大粮食作物总固碳量持续增加,其中水稻、玉米和小麦的固碳量分别占41.92%,38.62%和19.46%;三大粮食作物的固碳量远超出农田生产要素引起的碳排放量,两者之比为5.37:1,表明全国农田生态系统具有较强的固碳能力;2)全国农业碳排放总量持续增加但增速下降,化肥和柴油是主要碳源;3)三大粮食作物耕地生态系统表现出较大的碳生态盈余,2019年碳足迹为17.55×106hm^(2),占耕地比例为18.62%,即三大粮食作物耕地系统生产排放的CO_(2)降低至需要全国不到1/5的三大粮食作物耕地来消纳。研究结果有助于明晰耕地生态系统在碳循环中的地位,对促进农业碳减排,全国2030年实现“碳达峰”,2060年实现“碳中和”的战略提供科学依据。

关键词：碳汇碳排碳足迹粮食作物中国

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考虑状态受限和一致性的微电网二次控制

控制理论与应用 2024年第1期41卷 183-188页

作者：吴忠强程洪强燕山大学工业计算机控制工程河北省重点实验室河北秦皇岛066004

为解决交流微电网下垂控制产生的偏差问题,本文采用二次控制对分布式电源输出电压和频率进行调节.将微电网看成分布式多智能体系统,智能体间通过稀疏网络进行通信,运用多智能体一致性协议,本文提出一种基于障碍Lyapunov函数和自适应模... 详细信息

为解决交流微电网下垂控制产生的偏差问题,本文采用二次控制对分布式电源输出电压和频率进行调节.将微电网看成分布式多智能体系统,智能体间通过稀疏网络进行通信,运用多智能体一致性协议,本文提出一种基于障碍Lyapunov函数和自适应模糊系统的二次电压和频率控制器.采用障碍Lyapunov函数设计控制器,不但能保持系统的稳定性,还可使输出的电压和频率限制在预设的范围内.采用自适应模糊系统可对系统中的一些参变量的变化进行估计,提高了控制器的鲁棒性.本文给出了严格的稳定性证明.通过对负载变化,以及拓扑结构改变等的仿真测试,验证了所提方案的有效性.

关键词：微电网多智能体系统自适应模糊系统障碍Lyapunov函数 Backstepping

采用固体硅酸钠激发的一步法地质聚合物在软土固化中的适用性研究

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岩土力学 2024年第7期45卷 2072-2084页

作者：郑溢雯吴俊杨爱武李博顾珑上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院上海201620 上海师范大学建筑工程学院上海201418 东华大学环境科学与工程学院上海201620 温州理工学院建筑与能源工程学院浙江温州325000 中央军委后勤保障部安置住房保障中心北京100036

为解决水泥固化软土早期强度不足及制备水泥时高污染、高能耗及高成本等问题,采用固体硅酸钠(Na_(2)O·SiO_(2),简称NS)激发双先驱剂(粉煤灰(fly ash),简称FA)和磨细高炉矿渣(ground granulated blast furnace slag,简称GGBFS)制备一步... 详细信息

为解决水泥固化软土早期强度不足及制备水泥时高污染、高能耗及高成本等问题,采用固体硅酸钠(Na_(2)O·SiO_(2),简称NS)激发双先驱剂(粉煤灰(fly ash),简称FA)和磨细高炉矿渣(ground granulated blast furnace slag,简称GGBFS)制备一步法地质聚合物浆料(one-partgeopolymer,简称OPG)。研究FA掺量、NS摩尔数、碱激发剂浓度、水灰比等因素对地质聚合物浆料物理及力学性能的影响规律。在此基础上,开展优化配比试验,确定可作为土壤固化剂的地质聚合物最优配比。然后,将综合指标最优的地质聚合物配比用以固化软土。进一步研究双先驱剂中FA/GGBFS质量比和养护龄期对固化软土无侧限抗压强度(unconfined compressive strength,简称UCS)、孔隙率和孔径分布的影响。通过压汞法(mercury intrusion porosimetry,简称MIP)和扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer,简称SEM-EDS)对试验进行微观分析,揭示其固化机制。研究结果表明:固体NS激发下的一步法地质聚合物能有效加固软土,其生成的水化凝胶物(N-A-S-H、C-A-H、C-S-H和C-A-S-H)能有效黏结土颗粒,从而促进形成致密固化土骨架。FA/GGBFS为0.1、水灰比为0.8、NS摩尔数为1.0、碱激发剂浓度为3 mol/L是固体硅酸钠激发的一步法地质聚合物固化软土的最佳配比,其固化软土的28 d无侧限抗压强度可达4.4 MPa,且具有良好的工作性。本研究扩展固体硅酸钠激发的一步法地质聚合物在深层搅拌技术中的应用,为软土地基的加固处理提供理论基础指导。

关键词：固体硅酸钠一步法地质聚合物微观分析无侧限抗压强度固化机制

A novel variable-order fractional chaotic map and its dynamics

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 281-290页

作者：唐周青贺少波王会海孙克辉姚昭吴先明 School of Electronic Information Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Automation and Electronic Information Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China School of Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550025China

In recent years,fractional-order chaotic maps have been paid more attention in publications because of the memory *** paper presents a novel variable-order fractional sine map(VFSM)based on the discrete fractional ***,the order is defined as an iterative function that incorporates the current state of the *** analyzing phase diagrams,time sequences,bifurcations,Lyapunov exponents and fuzzy entropy complexity,the dynamics of the proposed map are investigated comparing with the constant-order fractional sine *** results reveal that the variable order has a good effect on improving the chaotic performance,and it enlarges the range of available parameter values as well as reduces non-chaotic *** coexisting attractors also enrich the dynamics of VFSM and prove its sensitivity to initial ***,the sequence generated by the proposed map passes the statistical test for pseudorandom number and shows strong robustness to parameter estimation,which proves the potential applications in the field of information security.

关键词： chaos fractional difference variable order multistability complexity

采动水浸作用下煤柱坝体承载特征与失稳规律研究

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煤矿安全 2024年第8期55卷 159-166页

作者：吴峻民兰州煤矿设计研究院有限公司甘肃兰州730000

煤矿地下水库的储水技术已成为我国西部矿区煤炭资源开采与水资源保护协调发展的重要途径之一,而煤柱坝体的稳定性是煤矿地下水库能够安全并长期使用的关键因素。为了探究煤矿地下水库煤柱坝体在复杂条件下失稳特征,基于FLAC3D数值模拟... 详细信息

煤矿地下水库的储水技术已成为我国西部矿区煤炭资源开采与水资源保护协调发展的重要途径之一,而煤柱坝体的稳定性是煤矿地下水库能够安全并长期使用的关键因素。为了探究煤矿地下水库煤柱坝体在复杂条件下失稳特征,基于FLAC3D数值模拟及二次开发,以陕西北部某矿相邻工作面开采及采空区蓄水的水浸作用对煤柱坝体应力演化特征及稳定性的影响展开研究。结果表明:工作面开采完毕后,煤柱坝体应力分布均呈现双峰形,并随煤柱宽度的增加峰值逐渐下降,同时煤柱宽度为20 m时其弹性核区占比小于40%的临界失稳指标,将发生失稳;在采空区蓄水后,水浸作用下煤柱坝体塑性区占比增量呈现“稳定-增大-减小-稳定”的变化规律,能够很好地模拟水浸作用下煤柱坝体的“渗流-弱化-损伤-渗流”的渐进破坏特征;煤柱坝体的应力分布逐渐演化为拱形分布并趋于平均化,应力峰值大幅降低,同时,内部塑性区进一步扩展,弹性核区占比降低,且煤柱宽度的越小降低幅度越大;当煤柱宽度为30 m时,弹性核区占比降低为38.33%,将发生失稳;当煤柱留设宽度为40 m时,煤柱能够保持稳定。

关键词：地下水库煤柱坝体流固耦合储水技术失稳特征水浸软化合理宽度

作为社会治理机制的个人信息:公共化及其公法保护

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理论月刊 2024年第9期 130-141页

作者：吴尚聪最高人民法院中国应用法学研究所

在现代社会,个人信息存在着个体权益、商业要素与国家工具三重维度。这三重维度在实践中演变为“个人信息的商业化利用”与“基于个人信息的社会治理”两项议题。贯穿其中的核心在于对个人信息的利用与保护。随着《民法典》等一系列法... 详细信息

在现代社会,个人信息存在着个体权益、商业要素与国家工具三重维度。这三重维度在实践中演变为“个人信息的商业化利用”与“基于个人信息的社会治理”两项议题。贯穿其中的核心在于对个人信息的利用与保护。随着《民法典》等一系列法律的颁布,旨在避免私主体侵害的个人信息私法保护虽较为成熟,但对于防范国家不当处理个人信息的公法保障却远未形成。由于基于犯罪记录的犯罪记录制度、基于信用信息的社会信用体系,以及基于健康信息的“健康码”制度的相继出现,基于个人信息的社会治理机制正式形成。个人信息的公共化成为趋势,个人信息的公法保护问题需要被认真对待。对此,在个体层面,需要“公共化个人信息”的再次个人化,并在《宪法》上寻得其权益来源;在国家层面,则要从“公共化个人信息”本身和经由“公共化个人信息”所构建的限制性规范两方面,来限缩国家可能的过度收集与不当使用。

关键词：公共化个人信息敏感个人信息犯罪记录信用信息健康码

Diagnosing ratio of electron density to collision frequency of plasma surrounding scaled model in a shock tube using low-frequency alternating magnetic field phase shift

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 519-530页

作者：吴明兴谢楷刘艳徐晗张宝田得阳 School of Aerospace Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi'an 710071China Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang 621000China

A non-contact low-frequency(LF)method of diagnosing the plasma surrounding a scaled model in a shock tube is *** method utilizes the phase shift occurring after the transmission of an LF alternating magnetic field through the plasma to directly measure the ratio of the plasma loop average electron density to collision *** equivalent circuit model is used to analyze the relationship of the phase shift of the magnetic field component of LF electromagnetic waves with the plasma electron density and collision *** applicable range of the LF method on a given plasma scale is *** upper diagnostic limit for the ratio of the electron density(unit:m^(-3))to collision frequency(unit:Hz)exceeds 1×10^(11),enabling an electron density to exceed 1×10^(20)m^(-3)and a collision frequency to be less than 1 *** this work,the feasibility of using the LF phase shift to implement the plasma diagnosis is also *** experiments on shock tube equipment are conducted by using both the electrostatic probe method and LF *** comparing the diagnostic results of the two methods,the inversion results are relatively consistent with each other,thereby preliminarily verifying the feasibility of the LF *** ratio of the electron density to the collision frequency has a relatively uniform distribution during the plasma *** LF diagnostic path is a loop around the model,which is suitable for diagnosing the plasma that surrounds the ***,the causes of diagnostic discrepancy between the two methods are *** proposed method provides a new avenue for diagnosing high-density enveloping plasma.

关键词： low-frequency alternating magnetic field phase shift shock-tube plasma diagnosis electron density collision frequency

Role of phosphorus on the biogeochemical behavior of cadmium in the contaminated soil under leaching and pot experiments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 488-499页

作者： Hui Jia Yifanwu Mengqi Zhang Jinhui Ye Daolin Du He Wang Institute of Environment and Ecology School of Emergency ManagementJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of the Environment and Safety Engineering&Institute of Environment and Ecology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated HospitalXuzhou 221004China

Phosphorus(P)is involved in various biochemical reactions in plant growth,so it is beneficial to plants growing in soils contaminated by metals,including cadmium(Cd).However,few studies have reported on the mechanistic roles of P in mitigating Cd toxicity to ryegrass root,and especially in alleviating the disruption of the mitochondrial function of living *** this study,the physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with ryegrass growth under various Cd and P treatments were investigated using leaching and pot *** concentration of Cd in soil leachates showed a significantly positive relationship with redox potential(P<0.05),but negative relationship(P<0.05)with leachate pH values and dissolved organic carbon(DOC),indicating that exogenous P addition(as H_(2)PO_(4)*)may decrease Cd leaching from contaminated *** to the control(without P addition),the cumulative Cd content was reduced by 53.3%and 64.5%in the soil leachate with exogenous P application(20 mg/L and 80 mg/L),***,application of P decreased the Cd concentrations in the symplastic fractions and increased the Cd concentrations in the apoplastic fractions in root tips,which may help to alleviate Cd stress to the ***,exogenous P was found to play a positive role in mitochondrial function and Ca^(2+)variation in root cells under Cd stress,which provides novel insights into the mechanisms of exogenous P in alleviating plant Cd injury.

关键词： Phosphorus Cadmium stress Protoplast Biogeochemical behavior Mitochondrial function