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Progress in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with immune combination therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第2期16卷 273-286页

作者： Di Pan Hao-Nan Liu Peng-Fei Qu xiao Ma Lu-Yao Ma xiao-xiao Chen Yu-Qin Wang xiao-bing Qin Zheng-Xiang Han Department of Oncology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000Jiangsu ProvinceChina

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a severe malignancy that poses a serious threat to human health.Owing to challenges in early diagnosis,most patients lose the opportunity for radical treatment when diagnosed.Nonetheless,recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy provide new directions for the treatment of HCC.For instance,monoclonal antibodies against immune check-point inhibitors(ICIs)such as programmed cell death protein 1/death ligand-1 inhibitors and cytotoxic t-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 significantly improved the prognosis of patients with HCC.However,tumor cells can evade the immune system through various mechanisms.With the rapid development of genetic engineering and molecular biology,various new immunotherapies have been used to treat HCC,including ICIs,chimeric antigen receptor T cells,engineered cytokines,and certain cancer vaccines.This review summarizes the current status,research progress,and future directions of different immunotherapy strategies in the treatment of HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Immunotherapies Immune checkpoint inhibitor Clinical efficacy Adverse reactions

Dynamic foraging strategy adaptation to heterogeneous environments contributes to social aggregation in snub-nosed monkeys

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 39-54页

作者： Lan Zhao Sheng-Nan Ji xiao-bing Du Jia-Hui Liu Bo-Lun Zhang Pei-Hua Li Yi-Jun Yang Bao-Guo Li Yan-Qing Guo xiao-Guang Qi College of Life Sciences Northwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 610041China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The dynamics of animal social structures are heavily influenced by environmental patterns of competition and cooperation.In folivorous colobine primates,prevailing theories suggest that larger group sizes should be favored in rainforests with a year-round abundance of food,thereby reducing feeding competition.Yet,paradoxically,larger groups are frequently found in high-altitude or high-latitude montane ecosystems characterized by a seasonal scarcity of leaves.This contradiction is posited to arise from cooperative benefits in heterogeneous environments.To investigate this hypothesis,we carried out a six-year field study on two neighboring groups of golden snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana),a species representing the northernmost distribution of colobine primates.Results showed that the groups adjusted their movement and habitat selection in response to fluctuating climates and spatiotemporal variability of resources,indicative of a dynamic foraging strategy.Notably,during the cold,resource-scarce conditions in winter,the large group occupied food-rich habitats but did not exhibit significantly longer daily travel distances than the smaller neighboring group.Subsequently,we compiled an eco-behavioral dataset of 52 colobine species to explore their evolutionary trajectories.Analysis of this dataset suggested that the increase in group size may have evolved via home range expansion in response to the cold and heterogeneous climates found at higher altitudes or latitudes.Hence,we developed a multi-benefits framework to interpret the formation of larger groups by integrating environmental heterogeneity.In cold and diverse environments,even smaller groups require larger home ranges to meet their dynamic survival needs.The spatiotemporal distribution of high-quality resources within these expanded home ranges facilitates more frequent interactions between groups,thereby encouraging social aggregation into larger groups.This process enhances the benefits of collaborative actions and reproductive opportunities,whi

关键词： Social evolution Folivore paradox MLS Rhinopithecus roxellana Multi-benefits framework

Impact of baseline hepatitis B virus viral load on the long-term prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immunotherapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2504-2519页

作者： Di Pan Hao-Nan Liu Zhi-Yuan Yao xiao-xiao Chen Yu-Qi Li Jing-Jing Zhu Zheng-Xiang Han xiao-bing Qin Department of Oncology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Although the combination of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors has become the standard regimen for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),real data on the impact of baseline hepatitis B virus(HBV)-DNA levels on the clinical efficacy of this regimen is still limited.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of camrelizumab combined with lenvatinib in patients with HCC at varying levels of HBV-DNA.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HCC who received camrelizumab and lenvatinib treatment were categorized into two cohorts:HBV-DNA≤2000(n=66)and HBV-DNA>2000(n=54).The main outcomes measured were overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS),while additional outcomes included the rate of objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and any negative events.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed independent predictors of OS,leading to the creation of a nomogram incorporating these variables.RESULTS The median PFS was 8.32 months for the HBV-DNA≤2000 group,which was similar to the 7.80 months observed for the HBV DNA>2000 group(P=0.88).Likewise,there was no notable variation in the median OS between the two groups,with durations of 13.30 and 14.20 months respectively(P=0.14).The ORR and DCR were compared between the two groups,showing ORR of 19.70%vs 33.33%(P=0.09)and DCR of 72.73%vs 74.07%(P=0.87).The nomogram emphasized the importance of antiviral treatment as the main predictor of patient results,with portal vein tumor thrombus and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging following closely behind.CONCLUSION The clinical outcomes of patients with HBV-associated HCC treated with camrelizumab in combination with lenvatinib are not significantly affected by HBV viral load.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Camrelizumab Lenvatinib Efficacy

Adaptive vector field based accurate homing control of aerial delivery systems

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第2期36卷 256-269页

作者： Yiming GUO Jianguo YAN Cihang WU Xiwei WU bing xiao School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

This paper investigates the homing control problem of a flexible aerial delivery system with external wind,at-mospheric turbulence,and aerodynamic uncertainties.An accurate homing control strategy is presented,consisting of a trajectory generation algorithm and a lateral tracking controller.A high-altitude trajectory generation is de-veloped with system characteristics explicitly considered to generate the desired trajectory for the aerial delivery control system design.It significantly compensates for the altitude deviation of the existing multiphase theory based trajectory generation methodologies.A novel adaptive vector field control law is then designed to accomplish the lateral tracking maneuvers.The key feature of the proposed method is that the complete lateral closed-loop control,including position and heading angle loops,is achieved in the presence of disturbances and dynamic uncertainties.The homing control with high landing accuracy is therefore achieved.Simulation and hardware-in-loop testing results are finally presented to validate the proposed method’s effectiveness compared to a conventional homing control scheme.

关键词： Asymptotic stability Adaptive control Aerial delivery system Parafoil system Tracking control

Factor graph based navigation and positioning for control system design:A review

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第5期35卷 25-39页

作者： Xiwei WU bing xiao Cihang WU Yiming GUO Lingwei LI School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Navigation and positioning is an important and challenging problem in many control engineering applications.It provides feedback information to design controllers for systems.In this paper,a bibliographical review on factor graph based navigation and positioning is presented.More specifically,the sensor modeling,the factor graph optimization methods,and the topology factor based cooperative localization are reviewed.The navigation and positioning methods via factor graph are considered and classified.Focuses in the current research of factor graph based navigation and positioning are also discussed with emphasis on its practical application.The limitations of the existing methods,some solutions for future techniques,and recommendations are finally given.

关键词： Factor graph Navigation Optimization methods Positioning Sensor modeling

Three-Dimensional Sound Source Location Algorithm for Subsea Leakage Using Hydrophone

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第2期38卷 326-337页

作者： LI Hao-jie CAI Bao-ping YUAN xiao-bing KONG Xiang-di LIU Yong-hong Javed Akbar KHAN CHU Zheng-de YANG Chao TANG An-bang College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China Shenzhen Urban Public Safety Technology Institute Shenzhen 518000China Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri IskandarPerak Darul Ridzuan 32610Malaysia

Leakages from subsea oil and gas equipment cause substantial economic losses and damage to marine ecosystem,so it is essential to locate the source of the leak.However,due to the complexity and variability of the marine environment,the signals collected by hydrophone contain a variety of noises,which makes it challenging to extract useful signals for localization.To solve this problem,a hydrophone denoising algorithm is proposed based on variational modal decomposition(VMD)with grey wolf optimization.First,the average envelope entropy is used as the fitness function of the grey wolf optimizer to find the optimal solution for the parameters K andα.Afterward,the VMD algorithm decomposes the original signal parameters to obtain the intrinsic mode functions(IMFs).Subsequently,the number of interrelationships between each IMF and the original signal was calculated,the threshold value was set,and the noise signal was removed to calculate the time difference using the valid signal obtained by reconstruction.Finally,the arrival time difference is used to locate the origin of the leak.The localization accuracy of the method in finding leaks is investigated experimentally by constructing a simulated leak test rig,and the effectiveness and feasibility of the method are verified.

关键词： grey wolf optimizer variational modal decomposition mean envelope entropy correlation coefficient time difference of arrival

Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation and Model Predictive Control–Based Macro-Micro Trajectory Optimization of Microsatellite Swarm

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Space(Science & Technology) 2022年第1期2022卷 166-175页

作者： Xiwei Wu bing xiao Cihang Wu Yiming Guo School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina

Probabilistic swarm guidance enables autonomous microsatellites to generate their individual trajectories independently so that the entire swarm converges to the desired distribution shape.However,it is essential to avoid crowding for reducing the possibility of collisions between microsatellites.To determine the collision-free guidance trajectory of each microsatellite from the current position to the target space,a collision avoidance algorithm is necessary.A synthesis method is proposed that generate the collision avoidance trajectories.The idea is that the trajectory planning is divided into macro-planning and microplanning;macro-planning guides where the microsatellites move step by step from the initial cube to the target cube by probabilistic swarm guidance with Centroidal Voronoi tessellation,while the micro-planning is to generate the optimal path for each step and finally reach the specified position in the target cube by model predictive control.Simulation results are presented for the collision-free guidance trajectory of microsatellites to verify the benefits of this planning scheme.

关键词： collision specified finally

Clinicopathological features,psychological status,and prognosis of 33 patients with occult breast cancer

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 76-87页

作者： Hong-Mei Wang Ao-Yang Yu Lin-Lin Li Lu-Yao Ma Meng-Han Cao Yu-Le Yang xiao-bing Qin Juan-JuanTang Zheng-Xiang Han Department of Oncology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000Jiangsu ProvinceChina Graduate School Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pathology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Occult breast cancer(OBC)has traditionally been considered to be a carcinoma of unknown primary origin with a favorable prognosis and can be treated as stage II-III breast cancer.Due to the small number of cases and limited clinical experience,treatments vary greatly around the world and no standardized treatment has yet been established.AIM To investigate the clinicopathological features,psychological status and prognostic features of patients with OBC.METHODS The clinicopathological data of 33 OBC patients diagnosed and treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Xuzhou Central Hospital from November 2015 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The psychological status of OBC patients was evaluated by the Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale.Patients’emotions,stress perception and psychological resilience were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule,the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale,and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),respectively.Patient survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and survival curves were plotted for analysis with the log-rank test.Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed using the Cox regression model.RESULTS The 33 OBC patients included 32 females and 1 male.Of the 33 patients,30(91%)had axillary tumors,3(9%)had a neck mass as the primary symptom;18(54.5%)had estrogen receptor-positive tumors,17(51.5%)had progesterone receptor-positive tumors,and 18(54.5%)had Her-2-positive tumors;24(72.7%)received surgical treatment,including 18 patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy,1 patient who underwent breast-conserving surgery plus axillary lymph node dissection(ALND),and 5 patients who underwent ALND alone;12 patients received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy.All 30 patients developed anxiety and depression,with low positive affect scores and high negative affect scores,accompanied by a high stress level and poor psychological resilience.There were no differences in

关键词： Occult breast cancer Breast cancer Perceived Stress Scale Axillary lymph node dissection

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航天器姿态稳定强化学习鲁棒最优控制方法

航空学报 2024年第1期45卷 51-65页

作者：肖冰张海朝西北工业大学自动化学院西安710072

针对外部干扰力矩作用下的刚体航天器姿态稳定最优控制问题,提出了一种在线强化学习的智能鲁棒控制方法。该方法基于自适应动态规划框架,设计单Critic神经网络在线地学习无干扰作用的航天器的最优姿态控制律,并设计一种新的自适应律在... 详细信息

针对外部干扰力矩作用下的刚体航天器姿态稳定最优控制问题,提出了一种在线强化学习的智能鲁棒控制方法。该方法基于自适应动态规划框架,设计单Critic神经网络在线地学习无干扰作用的航天器的最优姿态控制律,并设计一种新的自适应律在线估计Critic神经网络的权值,实现了近似最优的控制性能。在学习的近似最优控制律的基础上,嵌入鲁棒控制量,形成鲁棒智能控制器,并应用Lyapunov理论证明了闭环姿态控制系统是一致最终有界稳定的,且Critic神经网络的权值估计误差是收敛的。相比于采用Actor-Critic神经网络结构的自适应动态规划方法,该方法一方面削弱了对持续激励条件的依赖,另一方面降低了计算复杂度,并保证了姿态稳定控制性能对外部干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。

关键词：航天器姿态控制强化学习自适应动态规划外部干扰鲁棒性