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Gut-targeted therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第1期12卷 1-8页

作者： Tian-Cheng xu Yun Liu Zhi Yu bin xu Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023Jiangsu ProvinceChina

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.The global prevalence of T2DM has reached epidemic proportions,affecting approximately 463 million adults worldwide in 2019.Current treatments for T2DM include lifestyle modifications,oral antidiabetic agents,and insulin therapy.However,these therapies may carry side effects and fail to achieve optimal glycemic control in some patients.Therefore,there is a growing interest in the role of gut microbiota and more gut-targeted therapies in the management of T2DM.The gut microbiota,which refers to the community of microorganisms that inhabit the human gut,has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.Alterations in gut microbiota composition and diversity have been observed in T2DM patients,with a reduction in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pathogenic bacteria.This dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease by promoting inflammation and impairing gut barrier function.Several gut-targeted therapies have been developed to modulate the gut microbiota and improve glycemic control in T2DM.One potential approach is the use of probio-tics,which are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts.Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that certain probiotics,such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species,can improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients.Mechanisms may include the production of short-chain fatty acids,the improvement of gut barrier function,and the reduction of inflammation.Another gut-targeted therapy is fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),which involves the transfer of fecal material from a healthy donor to a recipient.FMT has been used successfully in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection and is now being investigated as a potential therapy for T2DM.A recent randomized controlled trial showed that FMT from lea

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Gastroenterology Bacteria Implanted device

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Hybrid Network Model Based on Data Enhancement for Short-term Power Prediction of New PV Plants

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 77-88页

作者： Shangpeng Zhong Xiaoming Wang bin xu Hongbin Wu Ming Ding the Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Utilization and Energy Saving Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China the State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute Hefei 230061China

This study proposes a hybrid network model based on data enhancement to address the problem of low accuracy in photovoltaic(PV)power prediction that arises due to insuffi cient data samples for new PV plants.First,a time-series gener ative adversarial network(TimeGAN)is used to learn the distri bution law of the original PV data samples and the temporal correlations between their features,and these are then used to generate new samples to enhance the training set.Subsequently,a hybrid network model that fuses bi-directional long-short term memory(BiLSTM)network with attention mechanism(AM)in the framework of deep&cross network(DCN)is con structed to effectively extract deep information from the origi nal features while enhancing the impact of important informa tion on the prediction results.Finally,the hyperparameters in the hybrid network model are optimized using the whale optimi zation algorithm(WOA),which prevents the network model from falling into a local optimum and gives the best prediction results.The simulation results show that after data enhance ment by TimeGAN,the hybrid prediction model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of short-term PV power prediction and has wide applicability.

关键词： New photovoltaic(PV)plant short-term predic tion time-series generative adversarial network(TimeGAN) hy brid network hyperparameter

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Optimizing evasive maneuvering of planes using a flight quality driven model

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 197-208页

作者： Chang LIU Shaoshan SUN Chenggang TAO Yingxin SHOU bin xu School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical University Chengdu Aircraft Design & Research Institute of AVIC

This paper investigates the optimal evasive maneuver for a plane to avoid an incoming missile. To accurately model the system dynamics while improving computational efficiency, a simplified plane model based on flight quality is established. A missile model with proportional guidance is also formulated.The problem of determining the optimal evasion plane maneuver is formulated. The Gauss pseudospectral method(GPM) is proposed as a solution to find the optimal maneuver. The optimized maneuver is validated by testing it on a high-fidelity 6-degree-of-freedom(6-DOF) model, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed simplified plane model. The Monte Carlo method is employed to evaluate the capability of the plane to evade missiles in various scenarios and elucidate general principles for successful evasion.

关键词： optimal maneuver flying quality evasive strategy pursuit-evasion game air-to-air combat

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Mussel-inspired PTW@PDA composites for developing high-energy gun propellants with reduced erosion and enhanced mechanical strength

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 675-690页

作者： Xijin Wang Zhitao Liu Pengfei Sun Feiyun Chen bin xu Xin Liao School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094JiangsuChina China North Industries Group Corporation Limited Beijing 100045China

The severe erosion and inadequate mechanical strength are prominent challenges for high-energy gun propellants.To address it,novel PTW@PDA composites was prepared by polydopamine(PDA)-modifying onto potassium titanate whisker(PTW,K_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)),and after was incorporated into gun propellant as erosion-reducing and mechanical-reinforcing fillers.The interfacial characterizations results indicated that as-prepared PTW@PDA composites exhibits an enhanced surface compatible with propellant matrix,thereby facilitating their dispersion into propellants more effectively than raw PTW materials.Compared to original propellants,PTW@PDA-modified propellants exhibited significant less erosion,with a Ti-Kbased protective coating being detected on the eroded steel.And 0.5 wt%and 1.0 wt%addition of PTW@PDA significantly improved impact,compressive and tensile strength of propellants.Despite the inevitably reduction in relative force,PTW@PDA slightly increase propellant burning rate while exerting little adverse impact on propellant dynamic activity.This strategy can provide a promising alternative to develop high-energy gun propellant with less erosion and more mechanical strength.

关键词： High energy gun propellant Potassium titanate whiskers Polydopamine modification Erosion inhibitors Mechanical reinforcing fillers

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Numerical analysis of wind effects on aerodynamic characteristics of a ducted fan

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第5期37卷 263-280页

作者： Yiwei LUO Tianfu AI Yuhang HE bin xu Yuping QIAN Yangjun ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Conveyance and Equipment Ministry of Education East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang 330013China Vehicle Research Center School of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401120China

Ducted fans have been extensively used in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)for a variety of missions because of high efficiency,high safety and low noise.Wind,as a kind of typical meteorological condition,brings significant aerodynamic interference to the ducted fan,which seriously threatens flight stability and safety.In this work,the numerical simulation with the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)method and the sliding mesh technique is performed to evaluate the steady wind effect.The results show that the wind will lead to serious unsteady effects in the flow field,and the thrust fluctuates at the blade passing frequency of 200 Hz.As the wind speed increases,the rotor thrust increases,the duct thrust decreases,and the total thrust changes little.Flow instability may occur when the wind speed exceeds 8 m/s.As the angle of low-speed wind increases,the rotor thrust changes little,the duct thrust increases,and the total thrust increases.In addition,we figure out that cases with the same crosswind ratio are similar in results,and increasing the rotating speed or fan radius is beneficial to performance improvement in wind.The findings are essential to the ducted fan design and UAV flight control design for stable and safe operations in wind conditions.

关键词： Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) Ducted fan Wind effect Thrust fluctuations Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)

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Cerium refinement of grains and primary carbides during solidification of Cr_(4)Mo_(4)V bearing steel

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 783-792页

作者： Weifeng Liu Jianqiang Wang Mingyue Sun bin xu Jiahao Yao Qunbo Fan Dianzhong Li Chongqing Innovation Center Beijing Institute of TechnologyChongqing401135China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China

The effect of cerium(Ce)on the solidification microstructure of Cr_(4)Mo_(4)V bearing steel was investigated via a combined experimental and theoretical method.With a trace amount(0.056 wt%)of Ce addition,the coarse columnar grains in as-cast microstructure transform into equiaxed ones,and the average diameter is reduced from 56 to 27μm.The network-like and bulky primary MC and M2C carbides at the interdendritic regions become disconnected and refined,and their volume percentage decreases from4.15 vol%to 2.1 vol%.Ce-inclusions acting as heterogeneous nucleation agents of prior-austenite grains and Ce atoms segregating at grain boundaries,both contribute to the refinement of grains.Thermodynamic calculations reveal that primary carbides are precipitated afterγ-austenite forms near the end of the solidification process.The modification of primary carbides in size and amount is mainly attributed to the isolated remaining melt separated by refinedγ-austenite grains in which the nucleation of carbides is promoted,while the growth is restrained owing to the less segregation of alloying elements.

关键词： Cr_(4)Mo_(4)V bearing steel Rare Earths Grains Primary carbides Refinement

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Oxidative cyclization of allyl compounds and isocyanide: A facile entry to polysubstituted 2-cyanopyrroles

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 330-335页

作者： Yaping Zhang Wei Zhou Mingchun Gao Tianqi Liu bingxin Liu Chang-Hua Ding bin xu Department of Chemistry Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University(The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairInnovative Drug Research CenterSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

A facile Tf OH-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of allyl compounds and isocyanide has been developed with the assistance of DDQ, where isocyanide is used as the crucial "N" and "CN" sources. Highly functionalized 2-cyanopyrroles are constructed efficiently through a new formal [3 + 2] mode, demonstrating diverse reactivity and synthetic utility in organic chemistry. 2-Cyanopyrrole is converted into a nucleobase analogue of Remdesivir and 5H-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindole through a three-step or a two-step sequence, respectively. This protocol features broad substrate scope, operational simplicity and good functional group tolerance.

关键词： Isocyanide Cyanopyrrole Insertion Allyl compound Bronsted acid catalysis

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Mutational landscape of TP53 and CDH1 in gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第2期16卷 276-283页

作者： Hong-Qiao Cai Li-Yue Zhang Li-Ming Fu bin xu Yan Jiao Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery General Surgery CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021Jilin ProvinceChina Department of Critical Care Medicine The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021Jilin ProvinceChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021Jilin ProvinceChina

In this editorial we comment on an article published in a recent issue of the World J Gastrointest Surg.A common gene mutation in gastric cancer(GC)is the TP53 mutation.As a tumor suppressor gene,TP53 is implicated in more than half of all tumor occurrences.TP53 gene mutations in GC tissue may be related with clinical pathological aspects.The TP53 mutation arose late in the progression of GC and aided in the final switch to malignancy.CDH1 encodes E-cadherin,which is involved in cell-to-cell adhesion,epithelial structure maintenance,cell polarity,differentiation,and intracellular signaling pathway modulation.CDH1 mutations and functional loss can result in diffuse GC,and CDH1 mutations can serve as independent prognostic indicators for poor prognosis.GC patients can benefit from genetic counseling and testing for CDH1 mutations.Demethylation therapy may assist to postpone the onset and progression of GC.The investigation of TP53 and CDH1 gene mutations in GC allows for the investigation of the relationship between these two gene mutations,as well as providing some basis for evaluating the prognosis of GC patients.

关键词： TP53 CDH1 Gastric cancer Gene mutation Methylation

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The storage and utilization of carbohydrates in response to elevation mediated by tree organs in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 52-61页

作者： bin xu xueli Jiang Yingying Zong G.Geoff Wang Fusheng Chen Zhenyu Zhao Xiangmin Fang Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang330045China Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang330045China Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA

Global climate change can affect tree growth and carbon sink function by influencing plant carbohydrate synthesis and utilization,while elevation can be used as an ideal setting under natural conditions to simulate climate change effects.The effect of elevation on tree growth may depend on organ type.However,the allocation patterns of nonstructural and structural carbohydrates(NSCs and SCs,respectively)in different tree organs and their response to elevation remain unclear.We selected four dominant tree species,Schima superba,Castanopsis eyrei,Castanopsis fargesii and Michelia maudiae,along an elevation gradient from 609 to 1,207 m in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests and analyzed leaf,trunk,and fine root NSCs,carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations and the relative abundance of SCs.Leaf NSCs increased initially and then decreased,and trunk NSCs increased with increasing elevation.However,root NSCs decreased with increasing elevation.The relative abundance of SCs in leaves and trunks decreased,while the relative abundance of root SCs increased with increasing elevation.No significant correlations between SCs and NSCs in leaves were detected,while there were negative correlations between SCs and NSCs in trunks,roots,and all organs.Hierarchical partitioning analysis indicated that plant C/N and C/P were the main predictors of changes in SCs and NSCs.Our results suggest that tree organs have divergent responses to elevation and that increasing elevation will inhibit the aboveground part growth and enhance the root growth of trees.A tradeoff between the C distribution used for growth and storage was confirmed along the elevation gradient,which is mainly manifested in the"sink"organs of NSCs.Our results provide insight into tree growth in the context of global climate change scenarios in subtropical forest ecosystems.

关键词： Nonstructural carbohydrates Structural carbohydrates Elevation Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests Tree organs

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Improved photocatalytic performance of acetaldehyde degradation via crystal plane regulation on truncated octahedral CeO2

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2026-2038页

作者： bin xu Lu Jia Hui Yang Yue Wang Si-Yu Fan Sai-Sai Yuan Qi-Tao Zhang Ming Zhang Teruhisa Ohno School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University College of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou University Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of EngineeringKyushu Institute of Technology School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization Huaiyin Institute of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University

In this study,the truncated octahedral Ce O2（Ce O2-to） with special morphology was prepared by the solvothermal method with oleic acid （OA） and oleamine（OM） as the morphology-directing agents.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） results show that Ce O2-to exposes composite{100}and{111}facets,while Ce O2cubic （Ce O2-c） and Ce O2octahedral （Ce O2-o）only expose single crystal facets of{100}plane and{111}plane,respectively.Interestingly,this Ce O2-to photocatalyst exhibits remarkable photooxidation performance of gaseous acetaldehyde （CH3CHO） degradation,in which CO2generation value reaches 1.78 and 7.97-times greater than that of Ce O2-c and Ce O2-o,respectively.In addition,the active species trapping experiment signifies that superoxide （·O2-） and holes （h+） are the main reactive substances during the CH3CHO degradation process,and the electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） spectra indicates that the former is the major contributor.Notably,the electron transfer mechanism between Ce O2-to{100}and{111}facets and the surface oxygen adsorption ability are revealed via density functional theory （DFT） calculations.It is also confirmed that{100}facets are more conducive to the absorption of acetaldehyde than{111}facets.Finally,a reasonable mechanism for improved photocatalytic CH3CHO degradation on Ce O2-to is proposed based on relevant experiments and DFT calculations.This study demonstrates that the systematic development of surface homojunction structured photocatalysts can efficiently increase the degradation activity for volatile organic compounds （VOCs）.It also offers additional direction for optimizing the photocatalytic activity of other ceriumbased photocatalysts.

关键词： Truncated octahedral CeO 2 (CeO 2 -to) Composite crystal faces Surface energy level Efficient electron transfer

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