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A secondary bile acid from microbiota metabolism attenuates ileitis and bile acid reduction in subclinical necrotic enteritis in chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 767-776页

作者： Mohit Bansal Ying Fu Bilal Alrubaye Mussie Abraha Ayidh Almansour Anamika Gupta Rohana Liyanage Hong Wang billy hargis Xiaolun Sun Center of Excellence for Poultry Science University of Arkansas1260 W Maple St.O409FayettevilleAR 72701USA CEMB University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Department of Chemistry University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA.

Background:Clostridium perfringens-induced chicken necrotic enteritis(NE)is responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide ***,as a result of antibiotic growth promoter prohibition,the prevalence of NE in chickens has *** study was aimed to reduce NE through titrating dietary deoxycholic acid(DCA)as an effective antimicrobial *** and methods:Day-old broiler chicks were assigned to six groups and fed diets supplemented with 0(basal diet),0.8,1.0 and 1.5 g/kg(on top of basal diet)*** birds were challenged with Eimeria maxima(20,000 oocysts/bird)at d 18 and ***(109 CFU/bird per day)at d 23,24,and 25 to induce *** birds were sacrificed at d 26 when ileal tissue and digesta were collected for analyzing histopathology,mRNA accumulation and *** colonization by real-time PCR,targeted metabolomics of bile acids,fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)***:At the cellular level,birds infected with *** and *** developed subclinical NE and showed shortening villi,crypt hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in *** DCA alleviated the NE-induced ileal inflammation in a dose-dependent manner compared to NE control *** with the increased histopathological scores,subclinical NE birds suffered body weight gain reduction compared to the uninfected birds,an effect attenuated with increased doses of dietary *** the molecular level,the highest dose of DCA at 1.5 g/kg reduced *** luminal colonization compared to NE birds using PCR and ***,the dietary DCA reduced subclinical NE-induced intestinal inflammatory gene expression and cell apoptosis using PCR and TUNEL *** further examining ileal bile acid pool through targeted metabolomics,subclinical NE reduced the total bile acid level in ileal digesta compared to uninfected ***,dietary DCA increased total

关键词： Bile acid Chicken Clostridium perfringens Deoxycholic acid Intestinal inflammation Necrotic enteritis

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Evaluation of curcumin and copper acetate against Salmonella Typhimurium infection,intestinal permeability,and cecal microbiota composition in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1019-1030页

作者： Anaisa ALeyva-Diaz Daniel Hernandez-Patlan Bruno Solis-Cruz Bishnu Adhikari Young Min Kwon Juan D.Latorre Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Benjamin Fuente-Martinez billy M.hargis Raquel Lopez-Arellano Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUNAM04510 Ciudad de MexicoMexico Laboratorio 5:LEDEFAR Unidad de Investigacion MultidisciplinariaFacultad de Estudios Superiores(FES)CuautitlanUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico(UNAM)54714 Cuautitlan IzcalliMexico Department of Poultry Science Center of Excellence for Poultry ScienceUniversity of Arkansas1260 W.MaplePOSC 0-114FayettevilleAR 72704USA Centro de Ensenanza Investigacion y Extension en Produccion AvicolaFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUNAMCiudad de MexicoMexico

Background:Interest in the use of natural feed additives as an alternative to antimicrobials in the poultry industry has increased in recent years because of the risk of bacterial *** of the most studied groups are polyphenolic compounds,given their advantages over other types of additives and their easy potentiation of effects when complexes are formed with metal ***,the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation of copper acetate(CA),curcumin(CR),and their combination(CA-CR)against Salmonella Typhimurium colonization,intestinal permeability,and cecal microbiota composition in broiler chickens through a laboratory Salmonella infection *** recovery was determined on day 10 post-challenge by isolating Salmonella in homogenates of the right cecal tonsil(12 chickens per group)on Xylose Lysine Tergitol-4(XLT-4)with novobiocin and nalidixic *** integrity was indirectly determined by the fluorometric measurement of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)in serum samples from blood obtained on d 10 *** ***,microbiota analysis was performed using the content of the left caecal tonsil of 5 chickens per group by sequencing V4 region of 16S rRNA ***:The results showed that in two independent studies,all experimental treatments were able to significantly reduce the *** colonization in cecal tonsils(CT,P<0.0001)compared to the positive control(PC)***,only CA-CR was the most effective treatment in reducing *** counts in both independent ***,the serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)concentration in chickens treated with CR was significantly lower when compared to PC(P=0.0084),which is related to a decrease in intestinal permeability and therefore intestinal *** effect of dietary treatments in reducing Salmonella was further supported by the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences using Li

关键词： Broiler chickens Copper acetate Curcumin Intestinal permeability Microbiota composition Salmonella Typhimurium

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Isolation, screening and identifi cation of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbial candidates for aflatoxin B_1 biodegradation

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第9期5卷 680-683页

作者： Rosario Galarza-Seeber Juan David Latorre Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Amanda Drake Wolfenden Lisa Renee Bielke Anita Menconi billy Marshall hargis Guillermo Tellez Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas College of Veterinary Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico

Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo ***: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolates were obtained from intestines, and soil samples were screened by using a selective media method against 0.25 and 1.00 μg/m L of AFB1 in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed every two days for two weeks. Physiological properties of the three Bacillus spp. candidates were characterized biochemically and by 16 S r RNA sequence analyzes for identii cation. Tolerance to acidic p H, osmotic concentrations of Na Cl, bile salts were tested, and antimicrobial sensitivity proi les were also determined. Bacillus candidates were individually sporulated by using a solid fermentation method and combined. Spores were incorporated into 1 of 3 experimental feed groups: 1) Negative control group, with unmedicated starter broiler feed without AFB1; 2) Positive control group, with negative control feed contaminated with 0.01% AFB1; 3) DFM treated group, with positive control feed supplemented with 109 spores/g. After digestion time(3:15 h), supernatants and digesta were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography l uorescence detection analysis by ***: Three out of those sixty-nine DFM candidates showed ability to biodegrade AFB1 in vitro based on growth as well as reduction of l uorescence and area of clearance around each colony in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium which was clearly visible under day light after 48 h of evaluation. Analysis of 16S-DNA identii ed the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The three Bacillus strains were tolerant to acidic conditions(p H 2.0), tolerant to a high osmotic pressure(Na Cl at 6.5%), and were able to tolerate 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. No signii cant dif erences(P > 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of AFB1

关键词： Al atoxin B1 Bacillus Direct-fed microbials Biodegradation Broiler feed

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Comparison of total immunoglobulin A levels in different samples in Leghorn and broiler chickens

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第2期7卷 116-120页

作者： Rubén Merino-Guzmán Juan David Latorre Ramiro Delgado Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Amanda Desha Wolfenden Kyle Dean Teague Lucas Elzie Graham Brittany Danielle Mahaffey Mikayla Francis Ann Baxter billy Marshall hargis Guillermo Tellez College of Veterinary Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas Nutriavicola

Objective: To standardize an ELISA protocol to quantify total immunoglobulin A(IgA)from different biological ***: Two independent experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, total IgA levels were quantified from the lachrymal fluid, tracheal swab, and cloacal swab at various time points from Days 30 to 89 in white Leghorn chickens. Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate the effect of 50 or 500 ppb of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) on total IgA quantified in samples from the lachrymal fluid, tracheal swab, gut content and cloacal swab in broiler chickens at 21 days of ***: Lachrymal fluid contained the highest level of IgA; however, the sampling procedure was time consuming and stressful to the bird, and the sample volume depends largely on the size of the chicken. Cloacal swabs also contained a high concentration of IgA; this sampling procedure was faster than lachrymal fluid sampling and was not affected by the age of the bird. Tracheal sampling was more difficult than cloacal sampling; the age of the bird limited the sampling, and the IgA concentration was the lowest detected at all sampling ages. 500 ppb of AFB1 significantly reduced total IgA concentration in the gut content compared with control or 50 ppb of AFB1 treated ***, a significant reduction in total IgA was also observed in those chickens that received 50 ppb of AFB1 in gut rinse when compared with cloacal ***: The results of this study suggest that cloacal swab is an easy and reliable way to evaluate mucosal IgA concentration in both Leghorn and broiler chickens.

关键词： Immunoglobulin A ELISA Chicken Lachrymal fluid

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追踪沙门菌病暴发的起源

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中国家禽 2008年第21期30卷 48-49页

作者： Andreas J.Baumler billy M.hargis Renee M.Tsolis 徐仕忠(译) 不详德国罗曼动物保健有限公司北京代表处

在1980年代，欧洲和美洲的卫生官员们就注意到由肠炎沙门菌（SE）引起的人类食物源性疾病明显增加，发现这种沙门菌存在于鸡胴体、鸡蛋和蛋产品中。这提示，作为公共卫生问题，SE的出现可能是现代家禽养殖实践和家禽遗传多样性下降的结... 详细信息

在1980年代，欧洲和美洲的卫生官员们就注意到由肠炎沙门菌（SE）引起的人类食物源性疾病明显增加，发现这种沙门菌存在于鸡胴体、鸡蛋和蛋产品中。这提示，作为公共卫生问题，SE的出现可能是现代家禽养殖实践和家禽遗传多样性下降的结果。但是，这些假设没有说明为什么其它沙门菌血清型，如鼠伤寒沙门菌（ST），感染人的数量没有增加。

关键词：鼠伤寒沙门菌起源暴发追踪卫生问题家禽养殖遗传多样性食物源

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Evaluation Regarding the Efficacy and Safety of a Probiotic Mixture in Healthy Volunteers with Evacuation Disorders

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 117-122页

作者： Lourdes Rodríguez-Fragoso Adriana Sandoval-Ocampo Martha Corbalá-Nava Carlos A. Arjona-Canul Diana Lizbeth Gomez-Galicia Guillermo Tellez billy hargis Jorge Reyes-Esparza 不详

Probiotics have been used in humans for almost a century and are widely recommended because they play an important role in gastrointestinal physiological and pathophysiological processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effi- cacy and safety of a probiotic mixture in healthy volunteers with evacuation disorders. We undertook a prospective study with historical control. We used the number of evacuations, effort and stool consistency 10 days before, 10 days during and 10 days after treatment with the probiotic as primary outcome measures. Eligible par-ticipants comprised 25 patients with an average age of 25.12 years (range: 18 - 55) who suffered from evacuation disorders. BIO L6 is a func- tional food consisting of a probiotic preparation that contains 1 mg (108 CFUs) of lyophilized strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria resuspended in 250 mL of drinking water. The probiotic preparation was prescribed daily for two weeks, five days a week. A significant increase in the number of evacuations was observed in 23 patients during BIO L6 consump- tion and continued in 20 after consumption. The degree of effort spent defecating decreased in 17 patients during treat- ment and in 7 after treatment. A significant improvement (P < 0.001) in stool consistency was also observed in all pa- tients receiving BIO L6. Fourteen patients had at least one adverse event (AE) for one or two days during treatment;most treatment-related AEs were considered minor or mild in terms of severity and were consistent with AEs reported for probiotic consumption. The results of this study suggest that the use of probiotic mixture BIO L6 is effective, safe and tolerable and provides beneficial effects for subjects with evacuations disorders.

关键词： Chronic Constipation Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria

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Fatty Acid Deposition on Broiler Meat in Chickens Supplemented with Tuna Oil

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 16-20页

作者： Jesus Eduardo Morales-Barrera Mariano Jesus Gonzalez-Alcorta Rosa Maria Castillo-Dominguez Omar Francisco Prado-Rebolledo Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Anita Menconi Guillermo Tellez billy Marshal hargis Silvia Carrillo-Dominguez Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana México City México Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA. Depto. Nutrición Animal Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán México City México Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Colima Colima México Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City México Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Estado de México México

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding four levels of tuna oil on performance and fatty acid (FA) profiles of broiler chicken meat. 240 Ross broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 20 pens and divided into four treatments: 0%, 0.75%, 1%, and 1.25% of tuna oil. At 49 days, breast and legs-thighs muscles were processed for FA analysis. Concentrations of FA in legs and thighs meat were significantly higher when compared with breast meat. In both types of meats (breast and legs-thighs), the inclusion of 1.0% or 1.25% of tuna oil in the diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of n-3 FA (especially docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids). Fat in broiler breast contained a proportion of 29% saturated FA (SFA): 36% monosaturated FA (MFA): 35% polyunsaturated FA (PUFA);while legs and thighs meat had a proportion of 28% SFA: 38% MFA: 33% PUFA. The addition of tuna oil in the broiler diet significantly reduced the deposition of SFA, MFA, and PUFA in breast meat, while in legs and thighs these reductions were less noticeable. The significant reduction in the concentration of n-6 PUFA and the increment of n-3 PUFA were more evident in breast than in legs and thighs, and with the addition of 1% and 1.25% of tuna oil. The results of the present study suggest a difference in FA deposition attributable to supplementation with tuna oil. The addition of tuna oil could be recommendable to increase n-3 PUFA in both broiler chicken breast and legs-thighs meats, providing a healthier and functional chicken meat to consumer.

关键词： n-3 Fatty Acids Broilers Tuna Oil Breast Meat Legs and Thighs Meat

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Combination of a Lactobacillus-Based Probiotic and Organic Acids Decrease Egg to Chick Weight Loss and Reduce Salmonellaspp. Counts in the Litter of Commercial Broiler Breeders

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第8期10卷 1011-1020页

作者： Matias A. Michel Fernando A. Revidatti Ricardo J. Fernández Martín L. Sindik Paola Sanz Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Juan D. Latorre billy M. hargis Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Nacional del Nordeste Corrientes Argentina Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Cd. de Mexico México Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

The effects of supplementing a blend of organic acids (OA) and a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) based-probiotic on egg to chick weight loss (%) and Salmonella spp. recovery counts in the litter of commercial broiler breeders were examined in three independent trials during the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. In each trial, ten thousand birds were divided into two groups of 5000 birds (4500 females and 500 males in each group): Control non-treated group, receiving regular water or treated group, receiving OA and probiotic in the drinking water from 25 to 35 weeks of age. During the ten weeks of evaluation, one thousand fertile eggs or hatched chickens in each trial respectively, were evaluated to obtained, hatching set weight, transferred egg weight, and hatching chick weight, to estimate the difference between egg to chick weight loss (%). Besides, in trial 2 (2014) and trial 3 (2015), litter samples were collected to evaluate Salmonella spp. counts. The supplementation of OA and probiotic during ten consecutive weeks significantly decreased the egg to chick weight loss (%) when compared with the control non-treated groups in all three trials evaluated. Interestingly, at the end of the trials 2 and 3, no counts of Salmonella spp. in the litter were detected. In contrast, control-non treated groups resulted in 4.30 and 4.24 Log10 of Salmonella spp. in trials two and three respectively. The results of the present study suggest that supplementation of OA and a LAB-probiotic for ten consecutive weeks decrease the egg to chick weight loss (%) and reduce Salmonella spp. counts in the litter of commercial broiler breeders. Higher initial body weight in broiler chickens and reduction of Salmonella spp., clearly justify the use of the combination of these products, as alternatives to antibiotics.

关键词： Broiler Breeder Organic Acid Probiotic Salmonella Litter

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The Effect of aLactobacillus-Based Probiotic for the Control of Necrotic Enteritis in Broilers

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第11期4卷 1-7页

作者： Sherryll Lynn Layton Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Shivaramaiah Chaitanya Jorge Xavier Anita Menconi Juan David Latorre Gopala Kallapura Vivek Ayamchirakkunnel Kuttappan Ross Elderon Wolfenden Raphael Lucio Andreatti Filho billy Marshal hargis Guillermo Téllez Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City México Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Vetanco Argentina S.A. Chile 33 (B1603CMA) Vicente López Buenos Aires Argentina Department of Veterinary Clinics FMVZ UNESP Campus Botucatu Brazil. Pacific Vet Group-USA Inc. Creek View Drive Fayetteville USA Vetanco Argentina S.A. Chile 33 (B1603CMA) Vicente López Buenos Aires Argentina

Necrotic Enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) in poultry is probably the most important bacterial disease in terms of economic implications. The disease is multi-factorial and is invariably associated with predisposing factors. The present study investigated the effect of a commercially available Lactobacillus-based probiotic (FM-B11) for the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. In experiment 1, one-day-of-hatch broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the following treatment groups: 1) Non-challenged (NC);2) Challenged (C);3) Challenged + probiotic (C+ FM-B11). Prior to placement, chicks in groups 2 and 3 received 0.25 mL of Salmonella typhimurium (ST) containing 105 cfu of viable cells by oral gavage. At 14, 15 and 16 days of age, all chicks in group 3 were treated with FM-B11 in the drinking water at a concentration of 106 cfu/ml. At 21d of age, all chicks in groups 2 and 3, were individually challenged with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. maxima by oral gavage. At 26d of age, all chicks in groups 2 and 3, were individually challenged with 108 cfu CP;body weight (BW) was recorded prior to challenge. The experiment was terminated at 29 days of age and the following parameters were evaluated: NE-associated mortality, CP lesion scores, CP concentrations in ileum, BW, and body weight gain (BWG). Chicks treated with FM-B11 had significantly (P 0.05) difference in lesion score between C and C + FM-B11, group C + FM-B11 had significantly (P < 0.05) lower total number of cfu of CP recovered from the ileal mucosa and content samples when compared to group C. Experiment 2 was a unique and remarkable case report of a field outbreak of NE in a commercial broiler farm in Argentina. A reduction and control of the mortality

关键词： Lactobacillus Necrotic Enteritis Salmonella Coccidiosis Probiotic

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Effect of Time and Fatty Acid Composition in Eggs of White Leghorn Hens Supplemented with Tuna Oil

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 39-44页

作者： Jesus Eduardo Morales-Barrera Mariano Jesus Gonzalez-Alcorta Rosa Maria Castillo-Dominguez Omar Francisco Prado-Rebolledo Jose Luis Vazquez Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Guillermo Tellez Anita Menconi billy Marshal hargis Silvia Carrillo-Dominguez Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana México City México Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA. Depto. Nutrición Animal Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán México City México Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Colima Colima México Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City México Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Estado de México México

The study evaluated the effect of time and fatty acid (FA) composition in eggs of laying hens supplemented with tuna oil (TO). Two hundred White Leghorn hens 30-week were divided into 5 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. Treatments were assigned randomly and consisted of 0%, 0.75%, 1.50%, 2.25% and 3% TO in commercial sorghum-soybean meal diets, in which the soybean oil was partially replaced. The experiment was conducted for 90 days. At days 28, 56 and 84 of the experiment, 10 eggs per replicate were collected for chemical analysis. Feed intake, egg production rate, egg weight, and feed conversion were not influenced by dietary treatment. FA content was significantly altered (P < 0.05) by TO, showing a progressive increase in egg n-3 FA (especially docosahexaenoic [DHA] and eicosapentaenoic [EPA] acids) when TO was added. Levels of EPA and DHA were higher (P < 0.05) in the egg lipids of TO fed hens than those in the control group. This was correlated (P < 0.05) with the concentration of TO in the diet. However, no significant differences were observed either in egg weight or percent of egg lay between groups. There was a high correlation (P < 0.05) between TO inclusion level in the diet and the incorporation of EPA (r = 0.96) or DHA (r = 0.92) into the egg yolk and an overall decrease in n-6 FA. There was a high correlation (P < 0.05) between TO inclusion level and the incorporation of linoleic acid (LA, r = -0.95) or arachidonic acid (AA, r = -0.96) into the egg yolk. The highest incorporation (P < 0.05) of total n-3 FA content in eggs was obtained with 3% TO/kg. This increase was proportional to TO inclusion levels in the diets (r = 0.95). The results indicate that the n-3 FA content in eggs can be increased by dietary supplementation with TO, and that TO can serve as a reasonable alternative feed ingredient in layer diets to produce a healthier choice of egg.

关键词： Egg Enrichment Laying Hens n-3 Fatty Acids Tuna Oil

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