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Towards safe and comfortable high-speed transportation infrastructure

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第11期13卷 799-801页

作者： Ren-peng CHEN Xiong (bill) YU MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering Department of Civil EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Civil Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio 44106USA

In the past decades,we have witnessed the rapid development of high-speed transportation infrastructure,such as high-speed railways,urban subways,expressways,and airfields *** a major effort in transportation infrastructure development,China plans to build 20 000 km of high-speed rail network by the year of 2020 with design speed up to 500 km/*** such a fast pace,ensuring the safe and comfortable high-speed transportation presents major technical challenges to the design,construction,and maintenance of high performance infrastructure.

关键词：交通基础设施建设舒适安全高速铁路城市地铁高速公路交通运输铁路网络

“RAISING THE BAR”IN TOILET PERFORMANCE

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Journal of Green Building 2006年第2期1卷 77-85页

作者： bill Gauley John Koehler Veritec Consulting Inc.1495 Bonhill Rd.Unit 12MississaugaON L5T 1M2 Koeller and Company 5962 Sandra DriveYorba LindaCA 92886-5337

INTRODUCTION There are generally two phases in the consumer’s purchasing process,at least insofar as plumbing fixtures are concerned—the research and decision phase,and the purchase *** consumers may be content to expend considerable energy and time researching and investigating the various pros and cons associated with each product model considered,once they have actually made their purchase,they expect that product to perform as *** do not anticipate expending any more energy wondering about the performance of the product.

关键词： product. phase. concerned

Management disclosure of risk factors and COVID‑19

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 1557-1565页

作者： Tim Loughran bill McDonald University of Notre Dame Notre DameUSA

Public companies in the United States are required to file annual reports(i.e.,Form 10-K)and disclose,among other things,the risk factors that may harm their stock *** risk of a pandemic was well-known before the recent crisis,and we now know that the initial impact on many shareholders was significant and *** what extent did managers forewarn their shareholders about this valuation risk?We examine all 10-K filings from 2018,before any knowledge of the current pandemic,and find that less than 21%of them contain any reference to pandemic-related *** the management’s presumed in-depth knowledge of their business and the general awareness that pandemics have been identified as a significant global risk for at least the past decade,this number should have been *** find an unexpectedly posi-tive correlation(0.137)between the use of pandemic-related words in annual reports and realized stock returns during the actual pandemic at the industry *** industries most severely impacted by COVID-19 barely mentioned pandemic risk in their financial disclosures to shareholders,indicating that managers were ineffective in highlighting their exposure to pandemic risks to investors.

关键词： Pandemic COVID-19 Form 10-K Risk factors

Carbon capture and sequestration:The roles of agriculture and soils

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第1期9卷 1-8页

作者： bill Stout Rattan Lal Curtis Monger Michigan State University East LansingMichigan 48824USA Texas A&M University College StationTexas 77843-2117USA Carbon Management and Sequestration Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA Pedology and Environmental Science New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico 88003USA

Renewable energy as a replacement for fossil fuels is highly desirable,but the reality is that fossil fuels(especially coal and petroleum)will be major sources of global energy for many decades to ***,carbon capture is vital to reduce release of carbon emissions and other GHG’s to the atmosphere thereby mitigating global *** presentation is a review of the role of agriculture and soils in carbon *** sequestration in soils is the process of transferring CO2 from the atmosphere into soils through crop *** carbon sequestration increases with practices long recommended to increase yields,such as no-till,manure application,agroforestry and cover *** is a Win-Win-Win strategy―advancing food security,improving the environment,and mitigating global *** enrichment in greenhouse culture is in widespread use and has been adopted by many commercial *** results in remarkable increases in yields of flowers and *** has shown the same increase in yields of trees and field crops with higher CO2 *** question is,how can CO2 be applied to field crops to increase yields?Restoration of desertified lands would improve soil quality,increase the pool of C in soils and forests,reduce CO2 emission to the atmosphere,and improve soil *** of additional carbon in soils would reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere thus mitigating global *** of forests is important,but real trees have ecological *** trees could be used to absorb CO2 from the air any place on the planet,from any source―power plants,vehicles,and all industrial *** of CO2 in irrigation water could reduce the pH and help restore alkaline *** is needed to further clarify the cost and benefit of many agriculture technologies for capturing and storing carbon.

关键词： carbon capture sequestration soils agriculture parasitic cost of carbon capture and sequestration

Integrating the ISO 14034 standard as a platform for carbon capture and utilization technology performance evaluation

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Clean Energy 2021年第4期5卷 600-610页

作者： Tim Hansen Kevin McCabe bill Chatterton Michael Leitch 350Solutions Inc.1053 E.Whitaker Mill RdSuite 115RaleighNC 27604USA XPRIZE Foundation 800 Corporate PointeSuite 350Culver CityCA 90230USA

Independent testing and verification of emerging technologies are vital parts of the technology-commercialization *** the rapid development of carbon capture and utilization(CCU)technologies,where existing standards and certifications do not exist,independent verification approaches and guidelines can provide a means to obtain credible information for an emerging *** ISO 14034:2016-Environmental Management:Environmental Technology Verification(ETV)standard can serve as a foundational platform to ensure the consistency,quality and credibility of data on CCU technology performance,enabling direct comparisons between technologies and reducing risk to decision-makers regarding potential investment,future deployment and ultimate impacts of CCU *** the fundamental principles of ISO 14034 to the evaluation of nine finalist CCU technologies competing in the NRG COSIA Carbon XPRIZE ensured that data used to evaluate competitors was of high quality,consistent across technologies and met the information needs of the XPRIZE and competition judges responsible for selecting *** approaches outlined here,including verification parameters and verification tasks for both XPRIZE-specific technology evaluations and full CCU technology evaluation by an accredited entity in conformance with the ISO 14034 standard,provide insight into the potential benefits-methodological consistency,high-quality data,independent oversight,methodological flexibility and broad applicability-and limitations-technology readiness and applicability,verification and instrumentation costs and lack of specificity-of the approach in an application for the evaluation of emerging *** application of the ISO 14034 standard and principles,developed through a consensus approach that incorporates other developing guidelines,can drive consistency and credibility for technology-performance evaluations across the CCU sector,ultimately leading to reduced risk and impr

关键词： carbon capture CCUS chemical engineering coal energy and environment fossil energy

Analysis of soluble chemical transfer from soil to surface runoff and incomplete mixing parameter identification

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Water Science and Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 217-225页

作者： Ju-xiu Tong Jin-zhong Yang bill X.Hu State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University Key Laboratory of Groundwater Cycle and Environment Evolution Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences

A two-layer mathematical model proposed by Tong et al. （2010） was used to predict soluble chemical transfer from soil into surface runoff with ponded water on the soil surface. Infiltration-related incomplete mixing parameter γ and runoff-related incomplete mixing parameter a in the analytical solution of the Tong et al. （2010） model were assumed to be constant. In this study, different laboratory experimental data of soluble chemical concentration in surface runoff from initially unsaturated and saturated soils were used to identify the variables γ and a based on the analytical solution of the model. The values of γ and a without occurrence of surface runoff were constant and equal to their values at the moment when the surface runoff started. It was determined from the results that γ decreases with the increase of the ponded water depth, and when the initial volumetric water content is closer to the saturated water content, there is less variation of parameter γ after the occurrence of surface runoff. As infiltration increases, the soluble chemical concentration in surface runoff decreases. The values of parameter a range from 0 to 1 for the fine loam and sand under the controlled infiltration conditions, while it can increase to a very large value, greater than 1, for the sand under the restrained infiltration conditions, and the analytical solution of the model is not valid for experimental soil without any infiltration if a is expected to be less than or equal to 1. The soluble chemical concentrations predicted from the model with variable incomplete mixing parameters γ and α are more accurate than those from the model with constant γ and α values.

关键词： Surface runoff Incomplete mixing parameter Analytical solution Soluble chemical

A 14-bit 1-GS/s DAC with a programmable interpolation filter in 65 nm CMOS

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Journal of Semiconductors 2013年第2期34卷 78-85页

作者：赵琦李冉邱东易婷 bill Yang Liu 洪志良 State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System Fudan University Analog Devices

A programmable 14-bit 1-GS/s current-steering digital-to-analog converter is presented. It features a selectable interpolation rate （2x/4x/8x） with a programmable interpolation filter. To improve the high-frequency performance, a ＂fast switching＂ technique that adds additional biasing to the current-switch is adopted. The datadependent clock loading effect is also minimized with an improved switch control by using a double latch. This DAC is implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology with an active area of 1.56 mm2. The measured SFDRs are 70.05 dB at 250 MS/s for 120.65 MHz input sine-wave signal and 64.24 dB at 960 MS/s for 56.3 MHz input sine-wave signal, respectively.

关键词： DAC high speed high resolution programmable

Initial nucleation of amorphous Si–B–C–N ceramics derived from polymer-precursors

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第12期35卷 2851-2858页

作者： Ling-yan Li Hui Gu Vesna Srot Peter van Aken Joachim bill Materials Genome Institute School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai University99 Shangda RoadShanghai200444China Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy Max-Planck-lnstitute for Solid-State ResearchHeisen bergs trasse 370569StuttgartGermany Institute of Materials Science University of StuttgartHeisenbergstrasse 570569StuttgartGermany

Nucleation behavior of amorphous Si–B–C–N ceramics derived from boron-modified polyvinylsilazane procusors was systematically investigated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) combined with spatially-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy(EELS) analysis. The ceramics were pyrolyzed at1000℃ followed by further annealing in N2, and SiC nano-crystallites start to emerge at 1200℃ and dominate at 1500℃. Observed by high-angle annular dark-field imaging, bright and dark clusters were revealed as universal nano-structured features in ceramic matrices before and after nucleation, and the growth of cluster size saturated before reaching 5 nm at 1400℃. EELS analysis demonstrated the gradual development of bonding structures successively into SiC, graphetic BNCxand Si3N4 phases, as well as a constant presence of unexpected oxygen in the matrices. Furthermore, EELS profiling revealed the bright SiC clusters and less bright Si3N4-like clusters at 1200–1400℃. Since the amorphous matrix has already phase separated into SiCN and carbon clusters, another phase separation of SiCN into SiC and Si3N4-like clusters might occur by annealing to accompany their nucleation and growth, albeit one crystallized and another remained in amorphous structure. Hinderance of the cluster growth and further crystallization was owing to the formation of BNCxlayers that developed between SiC and Si3N4-like clusters as well as from the excessive oxygen to form the stable SiO2.

关键词： Precursor derived ceramics Si–B–C–N Nucleation High-angle annular dark-field imaging Electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Mercury concentrations in blood and feathers of nestling Bald Eagles in coastal and inland Virginia

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Avian Research 2019年第1期10卷 36-42页

作者： David E.Kramar bill Carstensen Steve Prisley Jim Campbell Department of Anthropology and Earth Science Minnesota State University Moorhead Department of Geography Virginia Tech National Council for Air and Stream Improvement

Background:Mercury(Hg) and methylmercury are widely considered significant issues for wildlife,and in particular,piscivorous birds due to their widespread availability and neurotoxic *** a substantial number of studies of Hg contamination of Bald Eagles(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have been conducted throughout the east coast of the United States,little has been done that directly addresses Hg contamination in Bald Eagles in Virginia,particularly the inland ***:We collected blood and feather samples from nestling Bald Eagles in the coastal plain,piedmont,and western regions of Virginia in an effort to determine which areas of the state were more likely to contain populations showing evidence of Hg *** analyzed the samples for total Hg using a Milestone ***:Samples collected from individuals located in the coastal region exhibited low concentrations of Hg compared to those further inland located on freshwater rivers and *** collected from the inland population exhibited levels in some areas that are approaching what may be considered to be sub-lethal to avian health(blood:mean 0.324 mg/kg,SE = 0.13,range = 0.06-0.97 mg/kg;feather:mean = 8.433 mg/kg,SE = 0.3,range = 3.811-21.14 mg/kg).Conclusions:Even after accounting for known point-sources of Hg,the inland eagle population in Virginia is susceptible to concentrations of Hg that are significantly higher than their coastal ***,several locations besides those currently known to be impacted by point-sources are exhibiting concentrations that are approaching a sub-lethal level.

关键词： Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Mercury Methyl-mercury Virginia