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Environmental Impacts of Waste Management Deficiencies and Health Issues: A Case Study in the City of Kaya, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第10期4卷 1080-1087页

作者： Patricia Kafando bila gérard segda Jean Fidèle Nzihou Jean Koulidiati Ecole Normale Supérieure Université de Koudougou Koudougou Burkina Faso Institut de génie de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable Université de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement Université de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In this study, a stratified survey sampling was used in order to broaden our knowledge on the management systems of household waste in the town of Kaya/Burkina Faso. Population study consists of households of the town of Kaya. The sample size was fist determined using the sample size calculation formula. Then four (04) strata comprising the town of Kaya sectors that have a Health and Social Promotion Center (HSPC) have been considered. A random household selection method, used inside each stratum and a number of 468 households representative of the town’s population, was surveyed. We have addressed all solid and liquid waste management strategies in those four strata. For each stratum, waste disposal infrastructure, its management in the households and its impacts on the town’s environment and populations’ health were screened. Data collected are presented through descriptive statistics in mean of tables and graphs. Frequently reported diseases in the four HSPCs have been correlated with waste management and disposal methods in the town. Poor handling, evacuation and disposal of waste have numerous negatives impacts on the city’s environment such as proliferation of mosquitoes and flies, bad odors, visual pollution. These negatives impacts on the environment in turn have negatives impacts on the health of the city residents. Malaria appears the most encountered disease followed by Acute Respiratory Infection and Diarrhea. Suggestions aimed at improving waste management and the reduction of its deficiencies impacts on the health of the population has been made.

关键词： Waste Management Kaya Environment Mosquitoes Sanitation Malaria Diarrhea

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Temperature Dependence of Density,Viscosity,Thermal Conductivity and Heat Capacity of Vegetable Oils for Their Use as Biofuel in Internal Combustion Engines

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2019年第1期9卷 44-64页

作者： Augustin SampawindéZongo gilles Vaitilingom Tizane Daho Christian Caillol Jean-Francois Hoffmann Bruno Piriou Jeremy Valette bila gérard segda Pascal Higelin LPCE Département de physiqueUniversitéOuaga 1 Pr JKZBurkina Faso Unitéde recherche BioWooEB CIRAD MontpellierBat 1673 rue JF BretonMontpellierFrance Laboratoire PRISME Universitéd’Orléans8 rue Léonard de Vinci45072 Orléans Cedex 2France Laboratoire PROMES-CNRS UPR-8521 Universitéde Perpignan Via Domitia Rambla de laThermodynamiqueTecnosudPerpignanFrance

This work gives tools to overcome the difficulty to determine experimentally physical properties for vegetable oils within the range of temperature typically observed during the injection phase in a diesel engine. Knowing vegetable oils’ physical properties to these ranges of temperature is of fundamental importance when modeling their combustion in diesel engine. However, vegetable oils’ experimental physical properties data are rare in the literature for temperature above 523 K. This paper describes experimental measurements and estimation methods for density, dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity and heat capacity of vegetable oils for this particular range of temperature. The methodology uses several correlative methods using group contribution approach for each property and compares experimental data with predicted one to select the more accurate model. This work has shown the rapeseed and jatropha oils’ physical properties can be satisfactorily predicted as a function of temperature using group contribution approach.

关键词： Rapeseed Oil Jatropha Oil Physical Properties group Contribution Method Energy Diesel Engine

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Cost-Effective Monitoring of the Fuel Air Equivalence-Ratio with a Lambda Sensor and a Microcontroller in a Downdraft Biomass gasifier

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 545-560页

作者： Jean Fidele Nzihou Salou Hamidou Ousmane Zoundi Frederic Ouattara bila gerard segda Formation and Research Unit in Sciences and Technologies University Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina-Faso

The operation of biomass treatment devices such as gasifiers is based on the control of key parameters that play an important role in product formation. These include: temperature, excess oxygen, relative humidity and biomass composition. This work focuses on excess oxygen and temperature. Unfortunately, flue gas oxygen analyzers are expensive and not accessible to small industries. However, the equivalence ratio is linked to excess oxygen and has the advantage of not depending on biomass composition. This study therefore focuses on the design and development of a device for controlling this equivalence ratio by measuring oxygen concentration using a self-propelled Lambda probe, and a system for monitoring this equivalence ratio using an Arduino Uno 3 microcontroller. The temperature is recorded with an accuracy of ±1.5°C. For a heating time of 10 minutes, the response time to temperature change is around 3 seconds, which is sufficient for the device to function properly. This simple device is an efficient and cost-effective means of checking the equivalence ratio.

关键词： Equivalence Ratio Biomass gasification Lambda Sensor Microcontroller C++

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