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Tectonic control on the drainage system in a piedmont region in tectonically active eastern Himalayas

Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第1期6卷 29-38页

作者： Chandreyee GOSWAMI Dhruba MUKHOPADHYAY bikash Chandra PODDAR Asutosh College Saltlake CityKolkata 700026India Raman Center for Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Saltlake CityKolkata 700075India BE 267 Saltlake CityKolkata 700064India

The impact ofneotectonic activity on drainage system has been studied in a large alluvial fan in the eastern Himalayan piedmont area between the Mal River and the Murti River. Two distinct E-W lineaments passing through this area had been identified by Nakata （1972, 1989） as active faults. The northern lineament manifested as Matiali scarp and the southern one manifested as Chalsa scarp represent the ramp anticlines over two blind faults, probably the Main Boundary Thrust （MBT） and the Himalayan Frontal Thrust （HFT）, respectively. The fan surface is folded into two antiforms with a synform in between. These folds are interpreted as fault propagation folds over the two north dipping blind thrusts. Two lineaments trending NNE-SSW and nearly N-S, respec- tively, are identified, and parts of present day courses of the Murti and Neora Rivers follow them. These lineaments are named as Murti and Neora lineaments and are interpreted to represent a conjugate set of normal faults. The rivers have changed their courses by the influence of these normal faults along the Murti and Neora lineaments and their profiles show knick points where they cross E-W thrusts. The overall drainage pattern is changed from radial pattern in north of the Matiali scarp to a subparallel one in south due to these conjugate normal faults. The interfluve area between these two rivers is uplifted as a result of vertical movements on the above mentioned faults. Four major terraces and some minor terraces are present along the major river valleys and these are formed due to episodic upliftment of the ground and subsequent down- cutting of the rivers. The uppermost terrace shows a northerly slope north of the Chalsa scarp as a result of folding mentioned above. But rivers on this terrace form incised channels keeping their flow southerly suggestingthat they are antecedent to the folding and their downcutting kept pace with the tectonism.

关键词： alluvial fan drainage pattern thrust normalfault active tectonic

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Production of whey protein hydrolyzates and its incorporation into milk

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 163-175页

作者： Jenny Ann John bikash CGhosh Dairy Technology Division ICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteAdugodiBengaluru 560030India Department of Food Science and Technology SOSTKerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies(KUFOS)Panangad P.O.Kochi 682506India

Whey proteins provide an excellent source of low-molecular-weight bioactive peptides with important functional properties and bioactivities like antihypertensive,opioid,and antimicrobial *** of peptide molecules with lower molecular weight has a great role in food for health *** this investigation,the release of low-molecular-weight peptides from whey protein concentrate was attempted by using enzymatic *** hydrolyzate was then incorporated into milk to obtain enriched milk(EM)with low-molecular-weight *** on sensory analysis of EM,electrophoretic and RP-HPLC studies,hydrolyzates of 10%protein(degree of hydrolysis 5%;enzyme/substrate E/S,1:50)were finally incorporated into milk at 20%(v/v)to develop an acceptable product enriched with low-molecular-weight *** had higher protein content,viscosity and emulsifying properties than control milk with 3%*** is recommended that EM should not be sterilized as it results in coagulation,but can be safely pasteurized and spray dried without any undesirable *** ACE-inhibition activity was obtained in hydrolyzate,followed by *** study is expected to boost the opportunity for the dairy industry to venture further into the nutraceutical dairy market.

关键词： Whey protein hydrolyzate Enriched milk Electrophoresis ACE inhibition activity

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A report on TypeⅡX-ray bursts from SMC X-1

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第12期18卷 43-52页

作者： Binay Rai Pragati Pradhan bikash Chandra Paul Dept.of Physics North Bengal UniversityDarjeelingWest Bengal734013India Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvania16802USA St.Joseph's College Darjeeling-734104West BengalIndia

We study RXTE PCA data for the high mass X-ray binary source SMC X-1 between 2003–10 and 2003–12 when the source was in its high *** source is found to be frequently bursting which can be seen as flares in lightcurves that occur at a rate of one every 800 s, with an average of 4–5 Type Ⅱ X-ray bursts per *** note that typically a burst was short, lasting for a few tens of seconds in addition to a few long bursts spanning more than a hundred seconds that were also *** flares apparently occupied 2.5% of the total observing time of 225.5 *** note a total of 272 flares with mean FWHM of the flare ～21 *** rms variability and aperiodic variability are independent of *** observed, the pulse profiles of the lightcurves do not change their shape, implying that there is no change in the geometry of an accretion disk due to a *** hardness ratio and rms variability of lightcurves exhibit no correlation with the *** flare fraction shows a positive correlation with the peak-to-peak ratio of the primary and secondary peaks of the pulse *** observed hardening or softening of the spectrum cannot be correlated with the flaring rate but may be due to the interstellar absorption of X-rays as evident from the change in hydrogen column density(n_H).It is found that the luminosity of the source increases with the flaring *** that the viscous timescale is equal to the mean recurrence time of flares, we fixed the viscosity parameter α ～ 0.16.

关键词： accretion accretion discs pulsar:individual(SMC X-1) stars:neutron X-rays:binaries X-ray:burst

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Caulerpa okamurae extract attenuates inflammatory interaction,regulates glucose metabolism and increases insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第3期18卷 253-264页

作者： bikash Manandhar Hyun Jung Kim Dong Young Rhyu Department of Oriental Medicine Resources and Institute of Korean Herbal Medicine Industry Mokpo National UniversityJeonnam 58554South Korea College of Pharmacy Mokpo National UniversityJeonnam 58554South Korea

Objective: To examine whether Caulerpa okamurae ethanolic extract(COE) could inhibit obesitymediated inflammation, improve glucose metabolism and increase insulin sensitivity, using in vitro cell models of RAW 264.7 macrophages and 3 T3-L1 ***: We cocultured 3 T3-L1 adipocytes in direct contact with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and induced insulin resistance in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes with tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a) in the presence or absence of 250 mg/m L of COE. We investigated various markers of inflammation, glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity in these models using Griess reagent to measure nitric oxide(NO) production, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxyglucose to measure glucose uptake, Western blot analysis to quantify protein expression and reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction to evaluate m RNA ***: We found that COE(250 mg/m L) significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages by downregulating NO production, nitric oxide synthase 2 expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-j B. COE also showed similar anti-inflammatory activity in coculture, along with decreased TNF-a, interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein m RNA expression. In addition, COE also improved glucose uptake in coculture by upregulating glucose transporter-4(GLUT-4) and adiponectin and reducing serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS1). In the TNF-a-induced insulin resistance model of 3 T3-L1 adipocytes, COE significantly improved both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, accompanied by phosphorylation of IRS1 at tyrosine 632, phospho-50 adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase a and glycogen synthase kinase-3 b(Ser9) as well as upregulation of ***: Together, these findings suggest that COE has potential to treat or prevent obesity-induced metabolic disorders.

关键词： Caulerpa okamurae RAW 264.7 macrophages 3T3-L1 adipocytes Coculture Metabolic disorder

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Numerical Investigation of Sound Generation due to Laminar Flow Past Elliptic Cylinders

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2020年第1期13卷 27-62页

作者： bikash Mahato Naveen Ganta Yogesh G.Bhumkar Scientific Computing Laboratory School of Mechanical SciencesIndian Institute of Technology BhubaneswarOdishaIndia

Numerical investigation of sound generation due to unsteady laminar flow past elliptic cylinders has been carried out using direct numerical simulation(DNS)approach at a free-stream Mach number of *** of aspect ratio(0.6≤AR≤1.0)and Reynolds number(100≤Re≤160)on the characteris-tics of radiated sound fields are ***-dimensional compressible fluid flow equations are solved on a refined grid using high resolution dispersion relation pre-serving(DRP)*** present DNS data,equivalent noise sources as given by various acoustic analogies are *** and frequencies associated with these noise sources are further related to characteristics of disturbance pressure *** pressure fields are intensified with increase in Reynolds number and aspect ***,radiated sound power increases with increase in Reynolds number and aspect *** various cases studied here,minimum and max-imum values of radiated sound power are found at Re=120&AR=0.6 and Re=160&AR=1.0,*** patterns show that the generated sound fields are dominated by the lift dipole for all ***,proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)technique has been implemented for decomposing distur-bance pressure *** POD modes associated with the lift and the drag dipoles have been *** analyses also clearly display that the radiated sound fields are dominated by the lift dipole ***,acoustic and hydrodynamic modes obtained using Doak’s decomposition method have confirmed the patterns of radiated sound field intensities.

关键词： Computational aeroacoustics acoustic analogies aeolian tones proper orthogonal decomposition Doak’s decomposition

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A Linearized Branch Flow Model Considering Line Shunts for Radial Distribution Systems and Its Application in Volt/VAr Control

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第4期11卷 1191-1200页

作者： Hanyang Lin Firdous Ul Nazir bikash C.Pal Ye Guo Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518071China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG4 OBAU.K. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZU.K.

When urban distribution systems are gradually modernized,the overhead lines are replaced by underground cables,whose shunt admittances can not be *** power flow(PF)model withπequivalent circuit shows non-convexity and long computing time,and most recently proposed linear PF models assume zero shunt *** of them are not suitable for fast calculation and optimization problems of modern distribution systems with non-negligible line ***,this paper proposes a linearized branch flow model considering line shunt(LBFS).The strength of LBFS lies in maintaining the linear structure and the convex nature after appropriately modeling theπequivalent circuit for network equipment like *** results show that the calculation accuracy in nodal voltage and branch current magnitudes is improved by considering shunt *** show the application scope of LBFS by controlling the network voltages through a two-stage stochastic Volt/VAr control(VVC)problem with the uncertain active power output from renewable energy sources(RESs).Since LBFS results in a linear VVC program,the global solution is *** study exhibits that VVC framework can optimally dispatch the discrete control devices,*** transformers and shunt capacitors,and also optimize the decision rules for real-time reactive power control of ***,the computing efficiency is significantly improved compared with that of traditional VVC methods.

关键词： Line shunt linear power flow model stochastic optimization Volt/VAr control(VVC)

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Variations of the harmonic components of the X-ray pulse profile of PSR B1509–58

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第1期15卷 28-36页

作者： Pragati Pradhan Biswajit Paul Harsha Raichur bikash Chandra Paul St Joseph’s College Singamari Darjeeling 734104 West Bengal India North Bengal University Raja Rammohanpur District Darjeeling 734013 West Bengal India Raman Research Institute Sadashivnagar Bangalore 560080 India

We used the Fourier decomposition technique to investigate the stability of the X-ray pulse profile of a young pulsar PSR B1509–58 by studying the relative amplitudes and phase differences of its harmonic components with respect to the fundamental using data from the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. Like most young rotation powered pulsars, PSR B1509–58 has a high spin down rate. It also has less timing noise, allowing accurate measurement of higher order frequency derivatives which in turn helps in the study of the physics of pulsar spin down. Detailed investigation of pulse profiles over the years will help us establish any possible connection between the timing characteristics and the high energy emission characteristics for this ***, the study of pulse profiles of short period X-ray pulsars can also be useful when used as a means of interplanetary navigation. The X-ray pulse profile of this source has been analyzed for 15 yr（1996–2011）. The long term average amplitudes of the first, second and third harmonics（and their standard deviation for individual measurements） compared to the fundamental are 36.9%（1.7%）, 13.4%（1.9%） and 9.4%（1.8%） respectively. Similarly, the phases of the three harmonics（and standard deviations） with respect to the fundamental are 0.36（0.06）, 1.5（0.2） and 2.5（0.3） radian respectively. We do not find any significant variation of the harmonic components of the pulse profile in comparison to the fundamental.

关键词： pulsars: individual:(PSR B1509–58) stars: neutron X-rays

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Phytochemical profile and pharmacological activity of Aegle marmelos Linn

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第3期16卷 153-163页

作者： bikash Manandhar Keshav Raj Paudel Biraj Sharma Rajendra Karki Department of Oriental Medicine Resources Mokpo National University School of Medicine and Public Health The University of Newcastle

Aegle marmelos Linn.（Rutaceae）, commonly known as ＂bael＂ in Nepal and India, is a valuable medicinal plant and is considered sacred by the Hindus. It is used to cure several diseases in the Indian traditional medicine system of Ayurveda and has had similar uses among many ethnic communities residing in Indian subcontinent for over 5000 years. Its leaves, bark, stem, fruits and seeds have been used for various medicinal purposes. Bael fruits are especially effective in the treatment of chronic diarrhea, dysentery and peptic ulcers, while they are also useful as a laxative and cure for respiratory infections. Scientific studies have validated many of the ethnomedicinal uses of A. marmelos, which include antibacterial,antiviral, antidiarrheal, gastroprotective, anti-ulcerative colitis, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, cardioprotective and radioprotective effects. Recently, this plant has also received attention as an anticancer agent for the treatment of various types of cancers. Thus, this review focuses on scientific evidence verifying the important pharmacological activity such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective,cardioprotective and anticancer activity of A. marmelos.

关键词： Aegle marmelos Ayurveda Ethnobotany Pharmacological activity

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Thornthwaite moisture index and depth of suction change under current and future climate‒An Australian study

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1761-1775页

作者： Md Rajibul Karim bikash Devkota Md Mizanur Rahman Hoang Bao Khoi Nguyen UniSA STEM University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusMawson LakesSouth Australia5095Australia

Climate change is one of the major global challenges and it can have a significant influence on the behaviour and resilience of geotechnical *** changes in moisture content in soil lead to effective stress changes and can be accompanied by significant volume changes in reactive/expansive *** volume change leads to ground movement and can exert additional stresses on structures founded on or within a shallow depth of such *** change is likely to amplify the ground movement potential and the associated problems are likely to *** effect of atmospheric boundary interaction on soil behaviour has often been correlated to Thornthwaite moisture index(TMI).In this study,the long-term weather data and anticipated future projections for various emission scenarios were used to generate a series of TMI maps for *** changes in TMI were then correlated to the depth of suction change(H s),an important input in ground movement *** all climate scenarios considered,reductions in TMI and increases in H s values were observed.A hypothetical design scenario of a footing on expansive soil under current and future climate is *** is observed that a design that might be considered adequate under the current climate scenario,may fail under future scenarios and accommodations should be made in the design for such events.

关键词： Climate change Future prediction Thornthwaite moisture index(TMI) Characteristic surface movement Infrastructure resilience

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Stock market prediction using deep learning algorithms

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第1期8卷 82-94页

作者： Somenath Mukherjee bikash Sadhukhan Nairita Sarkar Debajyoti Roy Soumil De Nazrul Center of Social and Cultural Studies Kazi Nazrul UniversityAsansolIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Techno International New Town(Techno India College of Technology)KolkataIndia

The Stock Market is one of the most active research areas,and predicting its nature is an epic necessity *** the Stock Market is quite challenging,and it requires intensive study of the pattern of *** statistical models and artificially intelligent algorithms are needed to meet this challenge and arrive at an appropriate *** machine learning and deep learning algorithms can make a firm prediction with minimised error *** Artificial Neural Network(ANN)or Deep Feedforward Neural Network and the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)are the two network models that have been used extensively to predict the stock market *** models have been used to predict upcoming days'data values from the last few days'data *** process keeps on repeating recursively as long as the dataset is *** endeavour has been taken to optimise this prediction using deep learning,and it has given substantial *** ANN model achieved an accuracy of 97.66%,whereas the CNN model achieved an accuracy of 98.92%.The CNN model used 2-D histograms generated out of the quantised dataset within a particular time frame,and prediction is made on that *** approach has not been implemented earlier for the analysis of such *** a case study,the model has been tested on the recent COVID-19 pandemic,which caused a sudden downfall of the stock *** results obtained from this study was decent enough as it produced an accuracy of 91%.

关键词： artificial neural network convolutional neural network nifty stock market

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