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State and fate of the remaining tropical mountain glaciers in Australasia using satellite imagery

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第3期15卷 495-503页

作者： bijeesh kozhikkodan veettil WANG Shan-shan Department for Management of Science and Technology Development Ton Duc Thang University Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety Ton Duc Thang University Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province & Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA Institute of Arid Meteorology CMA

Tropical glaciers are extremely sensitive to a warming climate. In this paper, the evolution of the remaining tropical glaciers in Australasia(Irian Jaya, Indonesia) during the period 1988-2015 was quantified. Landsat series images, a digital elevation model from SRTM, and previously published data were used. Estimated total glacier area in 1988, 1993, 1997 and 2004 was 3.85 km2±0.13 km2, 3.01 km2±0.08 km2, 2.49 km2±0.07 km2 and 1.725 km2 ±0.042 km2, respectively. Only 0.58 km2±0.016 km2 glacierized area remained in 2015 in Puncak Jaya, which is about 84.9% loss in just 27 years. If this rate continued, the remaining tropical glaciers in Australasia would disappear in the 2020 s. Timeseries analysis of climate variables showed significant positive trends in air temperature(0.009°C per year) and relative humidity(0.43% per year) but no considerable tendency was observed for precipitation. Warming climate together with mining activities would accelerate loss of glacier coverage in this region.

关键词： Glacier shrinkage Puncak Jaya Tropical glaciers Climate change

The 2015/16 El Nino-related glacier changes in the tropical Andes

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第2期13卷 422-429页

作者： bijeesh kozhikkodan veettil Jefferson Cardia SIMOES Department for Management of Science and Technology Development Ton Due Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety Ton Due Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Centro Polar e Climatico Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)CEP91501-970 Porto AlegreBrazil

Significant changes in the area and snowline altitude of two glacierized mountains - Nevado Champara (Cordillera Blanca,Peru) and Cerro Tilata (Cordillera Real,Bolivia)- in the tropical Andes,before and after the recent El Nino in 2015/16 period,have been analysed using Sentinel 2A and Landsat *** is seen that the recent El Nino has been accompanied by higher fluctuation in glacier coverage on Nevado Champara and the loss of glacier coverage on Cerro Tilata was very high during the past 16 *** in snowline altitude of selected glaciers was very high after the 2015/16 El *** in the area covered by snow and ice during the La Nina periods were not enough to cover the ice loss occurred during the previous El Nino events and the strongest El Nino in 2015/ 16 was followed by a significant loss of ice-covered areas in the tropical *** resources in this region will be affected in the near future if the current trends in glacier decline *** strategies needs to be implemented to reduce the impacts of the continuing loss of glacierized on regional communities in the tropical Andean region.

关键词： ENSO tropical Andes glacier loss snowline altitude Sentinel 2A

Glacier retreat, rock weathering and the growth of lichensin the Churup Valley, Peruvian Tropical Andes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第7期16卷 1485-1499页

作者： Adam EMMER Anna JURICOVA bijeesh kozhikkodan veettil Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Belidla 986/40603 00 BrnoCzech Republic Department of Soil Survey Research Institute for Soil and Water ConservationZabovreska 250156 27 Prague 5一ZbraslavCzech Republic Faculty of Science Charles UniversityAlber tov 6128 43 Prague 2Czech Republic Department for Management of Science and Technology Development Ton Due Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety Ton Due Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam

The most heavily glacierized tropical range in the world– the Peruvian Cordillera Blanca-has been losing ice since the end of the Little Ice Age(LIA).In this study,the decline of the Churup glacier(9°28’18"S;77°25’02"W)and associated processes were documented employing multi-proxy approach including the analysis of remotely sensed images(1948-2016),the Schmidt hammer rock test and lichenometric *** is shown that Churup glacier has lost the vast majority of its estimated LIA extent(1.05±0.1 km^2;45.0×10^6-57.4×10^6 m^3).The rate of glacier retreat is documented to vary in space(SE,SW and NW-facing slopes)and time,with the peak between 1986 and *** an area of 0.045 km^2 in 2016,it is expected that the complete deglaciation of the Churup valley is inevitable in the near ***(post-LIA)exposed bedrock surfaces have shown higher R-values(54.2-66.4,AVG 63.3,STDEV 2.9)compared to pre-LIA exposed surfaces(46.1-59.3,AVG 50.1,STDEV 4.9),confirming the links to the duration of rock *** Lichenometric dating is applied to recently exposed areas and elevations above 4800 m a.s.l.,revealing only limited reliability and agreement with the age of deglaciation estimated from remotely-sensed images in such an environment.

关键词： Cordillera Blanca Tropical glaciers Deglaciation Geoenvironmental change Lichenometry Rhizocarpon geographicum Schmidt hammer Andes

Recent Changes Occurred in the Terminus of the Debriscovered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Himalayas Using Remotely Sensed Images and Digital Elevation Models(1978-2011)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 398-406页

作者： bijeesh kozhikkodan veettil Ulisses FRANZ BREMER Atilio EFRAIN BICA GRONDONA Sergio FLORENCIO DE SOUZA Centre for Research in Remote Sensing and Meteorology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Campus do Vale Av. Bento Gonalves 9500 CEP: 91501-970Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Department of Geography Institute of Geosciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Campus doVale Av. Bento Gonalves 9500 CEP: 91501-970Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Department of Geodesy Institute of Geosciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Campus do ValeAv. Bento Gonalves 9500 CEP: 91501-970Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

Recent changes occurred in terminus of the debris-covered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Range in the Himalayas, Northern Pakistan was investigated in this research. Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+ images were used for this study. Digital elevation models derived from ASTER GDEM and SRTM were also utilized. Visible, infrared and thermal infrared channels were utilized in order to get accurate glacier change maps. Three methods were tried to map this debris-covered glacier in this research. The glacier has been mapped successfully and the changes in the glacier terminus from 1978 to 2011 have been calculated. Manual, semi-automatic and thermal methods were found to give similar results. It was found that the glacier has undergone serious ablation during this period despite of the fact that many of the larger glaciers in the Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain regions in the Upper Indus Basin were reported to be expanding. The terminus has been moved back about 600 meters during this period and there was an abrupt change in the glacier terminus during 1990-2002. We propose that debris thickness is not the only factor that influences the glacier ablation but the altitude of the debris-covered glacier as well. Many glaciers in the Karakoram region reported to be expanding were having higher altitudes compared to the study area.

关键词： Bilafond Glacier Debris-covered glaciers Karakoram Himalayas Thermal mapping Glacier ablation Siachen Glacier