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The Impa.t of Rura. Women＇s La.d Rights on Food Production in the Brong-a.a.o Region of Gha.a

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History Resea.ch 2013年第1期3卷 54-71页

作者： Gloria.a. Fofie Ka.ka. O. a.u Sunya.i Polytechnic Sunyani Sunyani

The poor performa.ce of the a.ricultura. sector a. reflected in high prices of food stuffs a. well a. huge importa.ion of food ha. been a.ma.or concern to ma.y governments in a.rica. a.riculture rema.ns the ba.kbone of Gha.a.s economy a.d women who constitute a.out 70% to 80% of fa.m la.our fa.e discrimina.ion in terms of mea.s of production such a. la.d. The purpose of this study is to a.sess the impa.t of women＇s la.d rights on food production in the Brong-a.a.o region which is Gha.a.s food ba.ket. Severa. la.d reforms ha.e been instituted to ensure equita.le a.cess to la.d in order to enha.ce food production, yet the study revea.s tha. ma.y women ha.e limited or no a.cess to la.d a.d experience insecurity of tenure, which a.fects their fa.ming methods, choice of crops grown, a.d production levels, consequently, resulting in low incomes a.d poverty. Releva.t Prima.y Ra.e a.cess （RPRa. tools were used to ga.her da.a. The da.a.were a.a.yzed through descriptive sta.istics using Sta.istic Pa.ka.e for Socia. Science （SPSS） a.d Microsoft soRwa.es a.d presented into percenta.es, ta.ula.ion, a.d gra.hics. The resea.ch a.so revea.ed tha. the la.k of a.a.eness a.d educa.ion on la.d reforms a.d policies coupled with esca.a.ing la.d prices a.d complica.ed la.d tra.sa.tion method a.e the ma.or cha.lenges to women＇s a.cess a.d security over la.d. The study recommends the decentra.iza.ion of the la.d title registra.ion process, gender ma.nstrea.ing in the la.d title registra.ion process, a.d intensifica.ion of a.voca.y on la.d rights, a.ong others a. crucia. to improve women＇s a.cess, control, a.d security over la.d for a.ricultura. purposes

关键词： security over la.d food production la.d tenure poverty a.d women Brong-a.a.o Gha.a.

Pa.rwise compa.isons in the a.a.ysis of ca.cinogenicity da.a

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Hea.th 2012年第10期4卷 910-918页

作者： Moha.ma. a. Ra.ma. Ra. C. Tiwa.i Division of Biometrics-6 Office of Biostatistics Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring USA Office of Biosta.istics Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring USA

a.a.ysis of ca.cinogenicity da.a.genera.ly involves a.trend test a.ross a.l dose groups a.d a.pa.rwise compa.ison of the high dose group with the control. The most commonly used test for a.positive trend is the Cochra.-a.mita.e test. This test is a.ymptotica.ly norma.. For the pa.rwise compa.ison of the high dose group with the control group, we propose two modifica.ions: the first modifica.ion is to a.ply the test on the da.a.from high dose a.d control groups a.ter dropping the da.a.from the low a.d the medium dose groups;the second modifica.ion is to a.just the test conditiona. on da.a.from a.l dose groups. We compa.e the power performa.ce of these two modifica.ions for the pa.rwise compa.isons.

关键词： Ca.cinogenicity Study Trend Test Pa.rwise Test Exa.t Test

Pla.tic a.ditives Decrea.e a.rin-Induced a.etylcholine Receptor Clusters a.d Myotube Forma.ion in C2C12 Skeleta. Muscle Cell Culture

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CellBio 2015年第1期4卷 12-22页

作者： Kelsey Neufeld Kelly Ezell Wa.e a. Grow Depa.tment of a.a.omy Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine Midwestern University Glendale AZ USA

Common a.ditives in pla.tics such a. bisphenol a.(BPa. or phtha.a.es like di-(2-ethylhexyl) phtha.a.e (DEHP) a.e environmenta. estrogens tha. ha.e been shown to be endocrine disruptors in some experimenta. a.ima. models. This project used the C2C12 cell culture model to exa.ine how exposure to BPa.or DEHP a.fects two a.pects of skeleta. muscle development, the fusion of myobla.ts into myotubes a.d a.rin-induced clustering of a.etylcholine receptors (a.hRs). During myotube forma.ion a.hRs cluster sponta.eously. Trea.ment with motor neuron derived a.rin increa.es the frequency of a.hR clusters through a. a.rin signa.ing pa.hwa. tha. a.so clusters other postsyna.tic components of the neuromuscula. syna.se. For this project C2C12 cells were exposed to BPa.or DEHP while myobla.ts fused into myotubes. a.ter exposure to 10 μM BPa.or 100 μM DEHP the frequency of a.rin-induced a.hR clusters decrea.ed. In a.dition, myotube forma.ion decrea.ed a. a.higher percenta.e of nuclei rema.ned in myobla.ts. Furthermore, BPa.or DEHP reduced the a.ount of the myogenic regula.ory fa.tor myogenin. This suggests tha. BPa.a.d DEHP decrea.e a.hR clustering by reducing myogenin. Moreover, pla.tic a.ditives like BPa.a.d DEHP ma. pose a.risk for skeleta. muscle development in huma.s.

关键词： a.hR a.rin Bisphenol A (BPa. C2C12 Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phtha.a.e (DEHP) Myogenin

Crop Insura.ce Ba.ed on Sa.ellite Remote Sensing: Ca.e of Migori County, Kenya

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a.va.ces in Remote Sensing 2020年第1期9卷 1-11页

作者： Susa. a. Okeyo Ga.ca.o C. Mula.u Depa.tment of Geospa.ia. a.d Spa.e Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Crop insura.ce, though clea.ly needed, ha. not ta.en root in Kenya. a.riculture, a.d wha. little exists is indemnity ba.ed, mea.ing tha. a.fa.mer is compensa.ed only ba.ed on a.sessed crop da.a.e or ha.vest shortfa.l. This is often cumbersome a.d expensive for the a.era.e subsistence fa.mer. a.better a.proa.h is to use index ba.ed insura.ce, whereby a. a.reed index is computed a.d the fa.mer is compensa.ed or not compensa.ed depending on its va.ue. Remote sensing technology, which is now widely a.a.la.le globa.ly, provides such a. index, the Norma.ized Difference Vegeta.ion Index (NDVI), which is a. a.knowledged indica.or of crop hea.th a. different sta.es of crop growth. This pa.er reports on a.study ca.ried out in mid-2019 to investiga.e the possibility of a.plying remote sensing in this wa. to ena.le crop insura.ce for ma.ze fa.mers in Migori County, Kenya. Sentinel 2 ima.ery from Ma. 2017 (ta.en a. the insura.ce yea.) wa. a.quired, cla.sified a.d NDVI genera.ed over the study a.ea. a. 8 Km × 8 Km grid wa. overla.d a.d a.era.e NDVI computed per such grid cell. Simila. ima.ery for Ma. 2016 wa. a.quired a.d simila.ly processed to provide reference NDVI a.era.es. For a.y grid cell then, if a. be the insura.ce yea. NDVI a.d a. the reference NDVI, the insura.ce index wa. computed a. (a. - a.), a.d fa.mer compensa.ion would be triggered if this va.ue wa. nega.ive. Results show tha. out of a.out 85 sma.l holder fa.ms in the study a.ea. 30 would ha.e qua.ified for such compensa.ions. These results a.e recommended for further refining a.d pilot testing in the study a.ea.a.d simila. ma.ze growing a.ea..

关键词： Crop insura.ce NDVI Remote Sensing Migori Kenya

Effectiveness of Three Bio-Ra.iona. Products a.d a.Tra.itiona. Insecticide a.a.nst Thripsspp. a.d Bemisia.ta.a.ia.ta.king Toma.o Fields in Ka.r El-Sheik Governora.e, Egypt

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a.ricultura. Sciences 2018年第12期9卷 1538-1552页

作者： Ha.a.a.el Sa.d a. Ga.fa. a.med Toma. Centra. La.ora.ory for Orga.ic a.riculture Agricultural Research Center Cairo Egypt Pla.t Protection Resea.ch Institute Agricultural Research Center Cairo Egypt

Destructive effects of conventiona. insecticides on environment ha.e crea.ed a.necessity to introduce bio-ra.iona. products in pest control progra.s. Effectiveness of bio-pesticide (Bea.va.ia.ba.sia.a., na.ura. oil (a.ti-insect), a.bota.ica. extra.t (nimbecidine) a.d ma.a.hion insecticide wa. eva.ua.ed a.a.nst Thrips spp. a.d Bemisia.ta.a.i a.ta.king toma.o in Ka.r El Sheik, Egypt. The tria. wa. conducted during two successive sea.ons;2017-18 in a.tota. a.ea.of 4912 m2 cultiva.ed with toma.o cultiva. zero 42. The experiment wa. set up in a.ra.domized complete block design with five replica.ions for ea.h trea.ment. Yellow sticky tra.s were used to monitor popula.ion of both pests before a.d a.ter spra.ing, in a.dition, their numbers on pla.ts were counted. Results revea.ed tha. highest control ra.es of both pests were recorded a.ter the fourth da. of ea.h spra.ing. Long inter-a.plica.ions periods decrea.ed effectiveness a.d the grea.est control resulted when three consecutive spra.ings were a.plied. Ma.a.hion a.hieved the highest suppression of both pests. Within the bio-ra.iona. pesticides, nimbecidine ga.e the grea.est thrips control wherea. products showed no significa.t difference for whiteflies. The study recommends those bio-ra.iona. compounds to join Integra.ed Pest Ma.a.ement progra.s of both pests in Egypt, ta.ing into considera.ion spra.ing for 3 consecutive times with a. lea.t 5 da.s interva.s.

关键词： Sola.um lycopercicum Bio-Pesticide Na.ura. Oil Nimbecidine Ma.a.hion

Molecula. dyna.ics simula.ions exploring the intera.tion between DNa.a.d meta.a.ed bleomycin

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Journa. of Biophysica. Chemistry 2011年第2期2卷 171-183页

作者： Vira.a.R. Pa.wa. Leif a. Eriksson School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway Ireland

Bleomycin (Blm) is a.na.ura. a.tibiotic with a.titumour a.tivity, used a. a.combina.ion drug in trea.ment of va.ious types of ca.cers. Blm interca.a.es with DNa.a.d will in the presence of a.redox meta. ion a.d molecula. oxygen form a. a.tiva.ed bleomycin complex ca.a.le of relea.ing free ra.ica.s a.d subsequently lea.ing to DNa.clea.a.e. The present theoretica. work wa. ca.ried out to better understa.d the intera.tion between DNa.a.d Blm using different meta. co-fa.tors (Co a.d Fe). Binding energies a.d structura. properties were a.a.ysed for both the complexes. The results show tha. Blm binds stronger to DNa.when complexed with Fe, a.d provides a.better structura. orienta.ion compa.ed to the CoBlm complex in order to a.stra.t the H4' hydrogen of deoxyribose tha. initia.es the DNa.stra.d clea.a.e process. The short dista.ce between the iron-bound peroxide a.d the deoxyribose H4' furthermore supports the previously proposed direct a.stra.tion mecha.ism.

关键词： DNA Bleomycin Molecula. dyna.ics Binding energy Stra.d brea.

a.tiva.ion of Jorda.ia. Ore Bentonite by Sodium Ca.bona.es

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Journa. of Minera.s a.d Ma.eria.s Cha.a.teriza.ion a.d Engineering 2015年第6期3卷 477-487页

作者： Sha.ha.reh K. Sa.eh Meha.sen a. Ma.a.neh a.-Huson University College Al-Balq’a Applied University Irbid Jordan

The Ha.hemite Kingdom of Jorda. ha. a.la.ge reserve of ra. Bentonite in the a.ea.of a.n a.-Ba.da.a. Ba.in of a.-a.ra. city tha. ha. not a.tiva.ed yet to become va.id a. drilling mud. The Ore a.n a.-Ba.da.Bentonite wa. investiga.ed a.d a.tiva.ed by Na.CO3. The products were investiga.ed by chemica. a.a.ysis, X-Ra. Diffra.tion, rheologica. properties a.d free swelling index with cla. fra.tion. It wa. observed tha. the a.tivities cla. ra.ged between 0.98 a. a. minera.s. In a.dition, it wa. determined the a.terberg limits, the results of pla.ticity cha.t a.d rela.ion between index a.d cla. fra.tion. This mea.s tha. the a.ount of the a.tra.ted wa.er will be suita.le influenced by the cla. tha. is present in Ore a.n a.-Ba.da.bentonite. The liquid limit wa. ra.ged between 83% to 140%, a.d pla.tic limit ra.ged between 39% - 48%. a.so, rheologica. properties (a.pa.ent viscosity, pla.tic viscosity), gel strength, yield point, filtra.e loss. These properties ha.e been compa.ed with those sta.da.d specifica.ions properties required for the drilling fluid in order to know the a.propria.e circumsta.ces to a.tiva.e the Bentonite ore of a.n a. Ba.da.a. a.ra. ba.in to become close to the sta.da.d specifica.ions required for the drilling fluids, the ra.io between Y.P/P.V wa. ra.ged 0.88 to 1.21, it is mea.t tha. the beha.ior of drilling fluids confirms the Bingha. pla.tic a.d power-la. rheologica. models using fine grinding of bentonite mixture with 3% - 6% concentra.ion of sodium ca.bona.e powder.

关键词： a.tiva.ion of Bentonite a.n a.-Ba.da Free Swelling Liquid Limit Sodium Ca.bona.e

Winter Ra.n versus Snow in Hea.wa.er Ca.chments: Responses of a. Unconfined Pumice a.uifer, South-Centra. Oregon, USA

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Journa. of Wa.er Resource a.d Protection 2018年第4期10卷 461-492页

作者： Micha.l L. Cummings Da.id a. Eibert Depa.tment of Geology Portland State University Portland Oregon

Winter precipita.ion in two hea.wa.ers ca.chments (eleva.ion ~1600 m) in the ra.n sha.ow of the Ca.ca.es volca.ic a.c in south-centra. Oregon norma.ly fa.ls a. snow. However, in wa.er yea. 2015, winter precipita.ion fell ma.nly a. ra.n. a. eight yea. study of the unconfined pumice a.uifer a.lowed inter-a.nua. compa.ison of groundwa.er recha.ge during the freshet a.d discha.ge during the growing sea.on. During these wa.er yea.s precipita.ion ra.ged from 67% (WY2014) to 132% (WY2017) of the 30 yea. a.era.e, a.d included the ra.n domina.ed winter of WY2015 when precipita.ion during the wa.er yea. wa. 98% of the 30 yea. a.era.e. Cha.ge in stora.e in the pumice a.uifer wa. estima.ed from thickness of the pumice deposit a.d depth to wa.er ta.le from the ground surfa.e. Mea.urements were ma.e where 1) the pumice a.uifer wa. exposed a. the surfa.e;2) where the a.uifer wa. pa.tia.ly eroded a.d overla.n by either a.luvium or la.ustrine gla.sy silt to fine sa.d;3) fens where the pa.tia.ly eroded a.uifer wa. overla.n by pea.;a.d 4) monitoring wells drilled through the pumice a.uifer into bedrock. In a.l settings, groundwa.er stora.e in the pumice a.uifer following the ra.n-domina.ed winter of WY2015 wa. simila. or less tha. stora.e following the drought of WY2014 when winter precipita.ion fell a. snow. Stora.e a. the end of WY2014 a.d WY2015 wa. the lea.t observed in the eight yea. study. Winter-time ra.n during WY2015 produced runoff ra.her tha. stora.e in snow pa.k. Runoff conveyed from the ca.chments by flow in strea. rea.hes norma.ly dry from la.e summer through the winter months. Ra.n-domina.ed winter precipita.ion stresses the perched pumice a.uifer. Winter storms sta.ting a. ra.n a.d turning la.e to snow a.d ground-freezing tempera.ures lea. to runoff during the next ra.n-domina.ed precipita.ion event. These pa.terns produced strea. flow in cha.nels tha. a.e commonly dry during the winter, reduced nea.-surfa.e groundwa.er stora.e in the pumice a.uifer, muted springtime f

关键词： Unconfined Pumice a.uifer Hea.wa.er Ca.chment Winter Precipita.ion

Efficient Technique for Long-Term in VitroStora.e of Tra.sgenic a.pen Genotypes

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a.erica. Journa. of Pla.t Sciences 2018年第13期9卷 2593-2600页

作者： Elena.O. Vidya.ina.Konsta.tin a. Shestibra.ov Bra.ch of the Shemya.in a.d Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorga.ic Chemistry of the Russia. a.a.emy of Sciences Pushchino Russia

In vitro culture of isola.ed cells from tissues a.d orga.s is sometimes used to preserve a.d reproduce unique genotypes of woody pla.ts. The technique, however, requires regula. subculturing which ra.ses stora.e costs a.d crea.es risks for conta.ina.ion a.d a.cumula.ion of soma.lona. va.ia.ions. We exa.ined the effects of suga. composition of culture medium, the length of photoperiod, light intensity, a.d a.bient tempera.ure on the surviva. of pla.t ma.eria. in vitro. The study wa. performed on 49 genotypes of Populus tremula.(46 tra.sgenic genotypes ca.rying GFP-, Xeg- a.d Gus-genes, a.d 3 control (wild-type) genotypes). It wa. shown tha. effective stora.e of pla.ts wa. a.hieved through optimiza.ion of the combined effects of a.l stora.e pa.a.eters under study. Ba.ed on the experimenta. da.a. we developed a.protocol for long-term in vitro stora.e of desira.le genotypes without subculture a.d with a.surviva. ra.e of up to 98%. The best results were obta.ned when the pla.t ma.eria. wa. pre-cultured on a.WPM medium conta.ning 15 g/L sucrose, 7.5 g/L sorbitol a.d 7.5 g/L ma.nitol, a.d then stored a. +4°C under a.24-hour light da. cycle with only 8 hours of light per da. a.d ma.imum light intensity of 2000 lux. Post-stora.e recovery wa. done by culturing on a.medium conta.ning 1 mg/L gibberellic a.id. The developed method ca. be used for effective in vitro stora.e of the studied genotypes for up to 24 months without subculture.

关键词： Populus tremula Long-Term Stora.e In Vitro Culture Osmolytics Tra.sgenic Genotypes Microshoots