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Amylopectin structure and crystallinity explains variation in digestion kinetics of starches across botanic sources in an in vitro pig model

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 115-127页

作者： bianca m.j.martens Walter j.j.Gerrits Erik m.A.m.Bruininx Henk A.Schols Laboratory of Food Chemistry Wageningen University and Research Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University and Research Royal Agrifirm Group Agrifirm North West Europe

Background: Starch is the main source of energy in commonly used pig *** effects related to the extent of starch digestion,also several effects related to variation in digestion rate have recently been demonstrated in *** rates of starch digestion in animals and in in vitro models have been reported,depending on the botanic origin of *** from different botanic sources differ widely in structural and molecular *** the effect of starch properties on in vitro digestion kinetics based on existing literature is hampered by incomplete characterization of the starches,or by a selective choice of starches from a limited number of botanic *** research aimed to analyse the relationships between starch properties and in vitro digestion kinetics of pure starches isolated from a broad range of botanic origins,which are used in non-ruminant diets or have a potential to be used in the *** we studied starch digestion kinetics of potato,pea,corn,rice,barley,and wheat starches,and analysed the granule diameter,number of pores,type and amount of crystalline structure,amylose content and amylopectin side-chain length of all ***: multivariate analysis revealed strong correlations among starch properties,leading us to conclude that effects of most starch characteristics are strongly *** all analysed botanic sources,crystalline type and amylopectin chain length showed the strongest correlation with in vitro digestion *** percentages of A–type crystalline structure and amylopectin side chains of DP 6–24 both increased the rate of *** addition,within,but not across,(clusters of) botanic sources,a decrease in amylose content and increase in number of pores correlated positively with digestion ***: The type of crystalline structure and amylopectin chain length distribution of starch correlate significantly with digestion kinetics of starches ac

关键词： Amylopectin side chain distribution Amylose Granule diameter In vitro digestion kinetics Pores

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The initial stages of Li_(2)O_(2) formation during oxygen reduction reaction in Li-O_(2) batteries:The significance of Li_(2)O_(2) in charge-transfer reactions within devices

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 223-231,I0006页

作者： Daniela m.josepetti bianca P.Sousa Simone A.j.Rodrigues Renato G.Freitas Gustavo Doubek Advanced Energy Storage Division LABCenter for Innovation on New EnergiesSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CampinasAv Albert Einstein 50013083-852CampinasSPBrazil Institute of Physics&Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Computational MaterialsFederal University of Mato Grosso78060-900CuiabáMTBrazil

Lithium-oxygen batteries are a promising technology because they can greatly surpass the energy density of lithium-ion ***,this theoretical characteristic has not yet been converted into a real device with high *** with air contamination,metallic lithium reactivity,and complex discharge and charge reactions are the main issues for this technology.A fast and reversible oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for good performance of secondary batteries',but the partial knowledge of its mechanisms,especially when devices are concerned,hinders further *** this perspective,the present work uses operando Raman experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)to assess the first stages of the discharge processes in porous carbon electrodes,following their changes cycle by cycle at initial operation.A growth kinetic formation of the discharge product signal(Li_(2)O_(2))was observed with operando Raman,indicating a first-order reaction and enabling an analysis by a microkinetic *** solution mechanism in the evaluated system was ascribed for an equivalent circuit with three time *** the time constant for the anode interface reveals to remain relatively constant after the first discharge,its surface seemed to be more *** model indicated that the reaction occurs at the Li_(2)O_(2) surface,decreasing the associated resistance during the initial discharge ***,the growth of Li_(2)O_(2) forms a hetero-phase between Li_(2)O_(2)/electrolyte,while creating a more compact and homogeneous on the Li_(2)O_(2)/cathode *** methodology here described thus offers a way of directly probing changes in surface chemistry evolution during cycling from a device through EIS analysis.

关键词： Li-O_(2)battery Operando Raman analysis Equivalent circuit modeling Time-constant distribution

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Epidemiology and Clinical Features of mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease in a Brazilian Amazon Cohort

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Advances in microbiology 2024年第6期14卷 287-302页

作者： jose Tadeu Colares monteiro Adriana Rodrigues Barretto Ruan Seguin Azevedo Quaresma bianca miranda Gouveia Ismari Perini Furlaneto Victória menezes da Costa Yan Corrêa Rodrigues Layana Rufino Ribeiro Ricardo j. de Paula Souza e Guimarães Alex Brito Souza Ana Roberta Fusco da Costa Karla Valéria Batista Lima joao de Barros Barreto University Hospital Federal University of Par Belm Brazil Center for Biological and Health Sciences Ph.D. Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon Region (PPGBPA) State University of Par (UEPA) Belm Brazil Department of medicine Centro Universitrio do Par CESUPA Belm Brazil Bacteriology and mycology Section Evandro Chagas Institute (SABMI/IEC) Ministry of Health Ananindeua Brazil Geoprocessing Laboratory Evandro Chagas Institute/SVSA/MS Ananineua Brazil

The incidence of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (mACPD) has been globally increasing. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of clinical characteristics and treatment response among patients in the Amazon region of Brazil and conduct a retrospective cohort study at a prominent referral hospital in the State of Par, Brazil, from 2012 to 2020. The m. avium group represented 58.9% of cases, followed by m. intracellulare (35.7%), m. colombiense (3.6%), and m. chimaera (1.8%). The majority of patients (73.2%) were female and with an average age of 63 years. Primary clinical manifestations included persistent cough and sputum production. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) averaged 2.47, with 36.3% of patients having a CCI score equal to higher than 3. Notably, over 70% of patients had received treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis before initiating treatment for mAC infection. The fibrocavitary radiologic form was the most prevalent (55.4%), frequently exhibiting a bilateral distribution (53.6%). Antimicrobial susceptibility revealed a significant prevalence of mAC resistance to drugs in the therapeutic regimen. Despite this, most of the patients experienced clinical improvement (50%). In conclusion, this study highlights a higher prevalence of mAC infections among middle-aged women, with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment and presenting the fibrocavitary radiological form was predominant.

关键词： mACDP Nontuberculous mycobacteria mycobacterium avium Lung Disease

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Pharmacological interventions targeting nuclear factor-kappa B signaling in multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 2023-2025页

作者： Kim m.A.De Kleijn Gerard j.m.martens Department of molecular Animal Physiology Donders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourCentre for NeuroscienceFaculty of ScienceRadboud University6525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands NeuroDrug Research Ltd 6525ED NijmegenThe Netherlands(De Kleijn KMAMartens GJM)Department of Molecular Animal PhysiologyDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourCentre for NeuroscienceFaculty of ScienceRadboud University6525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands

multiple sclerosis(mS)is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system(CNS).Pathological characteristics of the disease include activation of CNS-intrinsic immune cells,such as microglia and astrocytes,and loss of neuronal connections,myelin and blood-brain barrier(BBB)integrity as well as peripheral immune cell infiltration into the *** has long been considered a predominantly immunological disease,which has led to the development of essentially only immune-directed *** this traditional“outside-in”mS hypothesis,a dysregulation of the peripheral immune system causes immune cell infiltration into the CNS,leading to autoreactivity against myelin sheath components and secondary BBB ***,recent findings indicate that overactivation of microglia and astrocytes represents an important first step in mS pathology,as appears to be the case for other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and Parkinson’s disease(PD).

关键词： sclerosis outside essentially

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management of extracranial carotid artery stenosis during endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke:results from the mR CLEAN Registry

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第3期8卷 229-237,I0074-I0085页

作者： Sabine L Collette michael P Rodgers marianne A A van Walderveen Kars C j Compagne Paul j Nederkoorn jeannette Hofmeijer jasper m martens Gert j de Borst Gert jan R Luijckx Charles B L m majoie Aad van der Lugt Reinoud P H Bokkers maarten Uyttenboogaart University medical Centre Groningen University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Leiden University medical Centre LeidenThe Netherlands Erasmus mC University Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands Amsterdam University medical Centres University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Rijnstate Hospital ArnhemThe Netherlands University medical Centre Utrecht University of UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background The optimal management of ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid artery(ICA)stenosis during endovascular treatment(EVT)is *** compared the outcomes of two different strategies:EVT with vs without carotid artery stenting(CAS).methods In this observational study,we included patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke undergoing EVT and a concomitant ipsilateral extracranial ICA stenosis of≥50%or occlusion of presumed atherosclerotic origin,from the Dutch multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands(mR CLEAN)Registry(2014-2017).The primary endpoint was a good functional outcome at 90 days,defined as a modified Rankin Scale score≤*** endpoints were successful intracranial reperfusion,new clot in a different vascular territory,symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage,recurrent ischaemic stroke and any serious adverse *** Of the 433 included patients,169(39%)underwent EVT with *** 123/168(73%)patients,CAS was performed before intracranial *** 42/224(19%)patients who underwent EVT without CAS,a deferred carotid endarterectomy or CAS was *** with and without CAS were associated with similar proportions of good functional outcome(47%vs 42%,respectively;adjusted OR(aOR),0.90;95%CI,0.50 to 1.62).There were no major differences between the groups in any of the secondary endpoints,except for the increased odds of a new clot in a different vascular territory in the EVT with CAS group(aOR,2.96;95%CI,1.07 to 8.21).Conclusions Functional outcomes were comparable after EVT with and without *** during EVT might be a feasible option to treat the extracranial ICA stenosis but randomised studies are warranted to prove non-inferiority or superiority.

关键词： stenosis carotid treatment

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Resveratrol attenuates metabolic,sperm,and testicular changes in adult Wistar rats fed a diet rich in lipids and simple carbohydrates

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Asian journal of Andrology 2019年第2期21卷 201-207页

作者： Fabiana A de Oliveira Waldemar S Costa Francisco j B Sampaio bianca m Gregorio Urogenital Research Unit Biomedical CenterState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 20551-030Brazil

High-fat diets affect male reproduction and sexual ***,we evaluated the effects of prolonged resveratrol administration on the metabolic,sperm,and testicular parameters of rats fed a cafeteria *** Wistar rats were divided at weaning into control(Cv n=20)and cafeteria(CAF,n=16)*** 3 months,half of them were given daily supplementations of resveratrol(C-R,n=10;CAF-R,n=8)at a dosage of 30 mg kg-1 body mass for 2 *** were killed at 5 months of age,and blood,spermatozoa,and testes were collected for further *** were analyzed by one-way ANOVA,and Pmoted hyperglycemia(Pment with resveratrol reversed this condition(Pm viability and motility,while resveratrol improved these parameters(Fmorphology,the height of the seminiferous epithelium was reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C group(P=0.0007).Spermatogenic cell proliferation was also reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C ***,the CAF-R showed an increase in cell proliferation rate compared with that of the untreated CAF group(P=0.0024).Although it did not modify body mass,the consumption of a CAF diet promoted hyperglycemia,adverse testicular morphology remodeling,and abnormal sperm,which were attenuated by treatment with resveratrol,thus suggesting a protective effect of this antioxidant on spermatogenesis.

关键词： cafeteria diet morphology resveratrol spermatozoa testicle

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Intercropping effect on root growth and nitrogen uptake at different nitrogen levels

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journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第4期8卷 380-389页

作者： javier Ramirez-Garcia Helle j.martens miguel Quemada Kristian Thorup-Kristensen Dpto.Producción Vegetal:Fitotecnia ETSI AgrónomosAvd.Complutense s/nUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid28040 MadridSpain Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of CopenhagenHøjbakkegaards Alle 13DK-2630TaastrupDenmark

Aims Intercropping legumes and non-legumes may affect the root growth of both components in the mixture,and the non-legume is known to be strongly favored by increasing nitrogen(N)*** knowledge of how root systems affect the growth of the individual species is useful for understanding the interactions in intercrops as well as for planning cover cropping *** aim of this work was(i)to determine if different levels of N in the topsoil influence root depth(rD)and intensity of barley and vetch as sole crops or as an inter-cropped mixture and(ii)to test if the choice of a mixture or the N availability in the topsoil will influence the N uptake by deep *** In this study,we combined rhizotron studies with root extraction and species identification by microscopy with studies of growth,N uptake and 15N uptake from deeper soil layers,for studying the root interactions of root growth and N foraging for barley(Hordeum vul-gare l.)and vetch(Vicia sativa l.),frequently grown in mixtures as cover crops.N was added at 0(N0),50(N1)and 150(N2)kg N ha−*** roots discrimination relying on the anatomical and morphologi-cal differences observed between dicots and monocots proved to be a reliable method providing valuable data for the *** Findingsthe intercrop and the barley attained slightly higher root intensity(rI)and rD than the vetch,with values around 150 crosses m−1 and 1.4 m,respectively,compared to 50 crosses m−1 and 0.9 m for the *** deep soil layers,intercropping showed slightly larger rI values compared to the sole-cropped *** barley and the intercropping had larger root length density(r D)values(200-600 m m−3)than the vetch(25-130)at 0.8-1.2 m *** topsoil N supply did not show a clear effect on the rI,rD or r D;however,increasing topsoil N favored the proliferation of vetch roots in the intercropping at deep soil layers,with the barley:vetch root ratio ranging from 25 at N0 to 5 at *** N uptake of the barley was

关键词： grasses legumes cover crops crop mixture root discrimination labeled N

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Effect of toasting grain silages from field peas(Pisum sativum)and field beans(Vicia faba)on in vitro gas production,methane production,and post-ruminal crude protein content

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 342-352页

作者： martin Bachmann Christian Kuhnitzsch Sebastian michel Annabel Thierbach mandy Bochnia jorg m.Greef Siriwan D.martens Olaf Steinhofel Annette Zeyner Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle(Saale)06120Germany Saxon State Office for Environment Agriculture and GeologyKollitsch04886Germany julius Kühn Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Crop and Soil ScienceBraunschweig38116Germany

Legume grains such as field peas and field beans can be produced on a local level,and may be reliable sources of dietary protein and energy apart from common soybean and rapeseed *** ruminants,protein,starch,and carbohydrates from peas and field beans are fermented in large part before reaching the small *** objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of ensiling and hydro-thermic treatment(i.e.,toasting at 160℃for 30 min)of grains of peas and field beans on the concentrations of post-ruminal crude protein(PRCP)and rumen-undegraded protein(RUP).moreover,24-h gas production and methane production were *** this,an in vitro batch culture system with ruminal fluid from sheep was ***-undegraded protein was determined using the Streptomyces griseus protease *** electron micrographs were used to visualize morphological changes of starch granules and their joint matrices in peas and field beans after ensiling,toasting,or a combination of *** pea grains contained crude protein(CP)at 199 g/kg Dm,PRCP at 155 g/kg Dm at a ruminal passage rate of 0.08/h(Kp8),RUP at 33 g/kg Dm at Kp8,and starch at 530 g/kg *** field beans contained CP at 296 g/kg Dm,PRCP at 212 g/kg Dm at Kp8,RUP at 54 g of/kg Dm at Kp8,and starch at 450 g/kg *** PRCP did not considerably differ among native and treated peas or field *** in the peas,RUP at Kp8 increased after ensiling by 10 g/kg Dm(i.e.,30%;Pmethane production were not affected by any treatment,and scanning electron micrographs did not reveal structural changes on the starches doubtless of any *** seemed to be more affected by treatment with ensiled+toasted peas than with ensiled+toasted field beans,but starches and other carbohydrates from both legumes remained unaffec

关键词： Legume grain silage Toasting In vitro gas production Protein evaluation Streptomyces griseus protease test

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major-effect candidate genes identified in cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)for ellagic acid deoxyhexoside and pelargonidin-3-O-malonylglucoside biosynthesis,key polyphenolic compounds

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1109-1125页

作者： jahn Davik Kjersti Aaby matteo Buti muath Alsheikh NadaŠurbanovski Stefan martens Dag Røen Daniel james Sargent Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅs N-1433Norway NOFImA AS Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries and Aquaculture ResearchÅs N-1433Norway Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly Graminor Breeding Ltd. N-2322 RidabuNorway Department of Plant Sciences Norwegian University of Life SciencesRidabu N-1432ÅsNorway NIAB-EmR East MallingME196BJ KentUK Department of Food Quality and Nutrition Fondazione Edmund MachCentro Ricerca e InnovazioneVia E.Mach 138010 San Michele all’AdigeTNItaly Department of Genetics Genomics and BreedingNIAB-EMREast MallingME196BJ KentUK

Strawberries are rich in polyphenols which impart health benefits when metabolized by the gut microbiome,including anti-inflammatory,neuroprotective,and antiproliferative *** addition,polyphenolic anthocyanins contribute to the attractive color of strawberry ***,the genetic basis of polyphenol biosynthesis has not been extensively studied in *** this investigation,ripe fruits from three cultivated strawberry populations were characterized for polyphenol content using HPLC-DAD-mSn and genotyped using the iStraw35k *** and QTL analyses identified genetic loci controlling polyphenol *** were identified on four chromosomes for pelargonidin-3-O-malonylglucoside,pelargonidin-3-O-acetylglucoside,cinnamoyl glucose,and ellagic acid deoxyhexoside ***/absence of ellagic acid deoxyhexoside and pelargonidin-3-O-malonylglucoside was found to be under the control of major gene loci on LG1X2 and LG6b,respectively,on the F.×ananassa linkage *** of gene predictions in the *** reference genome sequence identified a single candidate gene for ellagic acid deoxyhexoside biosynthesis,while seven malonyltransferase genes were identified as candidates for pelargonidin-3-O-malonylglucoside *** malonyltransferase genes were identified in the F.×ananassa‘Camarosa’genome sequence but the candidate for ellagic acid deoxyhexoside biosynthesis was absent from the‘Camarosa’*** study demonstrated that polyphenol biosynthesis in strawberry is,in some cases,under simple genetic control,supporting previous observations of the presence or absence of these compounds in strawberry *** has also shed light on the mechanisms controlling polyphenol biosynthesis and enhanced the knowledge of these biosynthesis pathways in *** above findings will facilitate breeding for strawberries enriched in compounds with beneficial health effects.

关键词： straw polyphenol breeding

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Assemblage-based biomonitoring of freshwater ecosystem health via multimetric indices:A critical review and suggestions for improving their applicability

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第3期1卷 28-42页

作者： Robert L.Vadas jr. Robert m.Hughes Yeon jae Bae min jeong Baek Orestes Carlos Bello Gonzáles marcos Callisto Débora ReisdeCarvalho Kai Chen maria T.Ferreira Pablo Fierro jon S.Harding Dana m.Infante C.j.Kleynhans Diego R.macedo Isabela martins Norman mercado Silva Nabor moya Susan j.Nichols Paulo S.Pompeu Renata Ruaro Deborah R.O.Silva R.jan Stevenson bianca de Freitas Terra Christa Thirion Douglas Ticiani Lizhu Wang Chris O.Yoder 2909 Boulevard Rd SEOlympiaWA98501-3971USA Amnis Opes Institute 2895 SE GlennCorvallisOR97333USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife&Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA Division of Environmental Science&Ecological Engineering Korea University145 Anam-roSeongbuk-guSeoul02841South Korea National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment42 Hwangyeong-roSeo-guIncheon22689South Korea Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos1001Col.ChamilpaC.P62209CuernavacaMorelosMexico Departamento de Genética Ecologia e EvoluçaoInstituto de Ciências BiologicaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisAvenida Ant^onio Carlos 6627CEP31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Departamento de Ecologia e Conservaçao Universidade Federal de Lavras37200-900LavrasMGBrazil State Key Laboratory of marine Resource Utiliization in South China Sea Hainan UniversityHaikou570228China Forest Research Centre&Associate Laboratory TERRA University of LisbonTapada da Ajuda1349-017LisbonPortugal Instituto de Ciencias marinas y Limnologicas Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile School of Biological Sciences University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8140New Zealand Department of Fisheries&Wildlife Michigan State University1405 South Harrison Road#318East LansingMI48823USA Department of Water Affairs and Forestry(retired) 8th Avenue 771Wonderboom South0084PretoriaSouth Africa Departamento de Geografia Instituto de GeociênciasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisAvenida Antônio Carlos 6627CEP31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Instituto Guaicuy 109 Rua BrasopolisBelo HorizonteMG31150-170Brazil Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosAvenida Universidad 1001Col.ChamilpaC.P.62209CuernavacaMorelosMexico Instituto Experimental de Biología Universidad San Francisco Xavier de ChuquisacaSucreBolivia Centre for Applied Water Science Un

Freshwater biota are more comprehensive and direct indicators of biological impacts,and more meaningful to the public than water quality or physical habitat *** biotic data and the multiple biological indicators developed from them offer a much richer array of data for assessing the impacts of pollution controls than a limited set of physical or chemical *** recent decades,assemblage-based assessments by ecologists,environmental scientists,and water quality agencies have been employed globally for determining the condition of,and threats to,freshwater ecosystems.A key step in this advance has been the development of multimetric indices(mmIs)or indices of biotic integrity(IBIs)based on quantitative assessments of algae,macrophyte,macroinvertebrate,fish or riparian bird *** Europe,where biological assemblages are mandated for assessing freshwater ecosystem health,many indices are ***,the proliferation of mmIs globally has not always occurred through the application of rigorous study designs and monitoring protocols,nor have they always effectively incorporated functional metrics,stressor assessments,and statistical ***,in this review,we discuss eleven major concerns with the development and application(including logistical limitations)of multimetric indicators based on freshwater biota to encourage more rigorous and widely applicable(transferable)mmI use and ***,our concerns focus on reference conditions;sampling effort,methods,and season;trophic guild definition;metric comprehensiveness,options,screening and scoring;and mmI *** could also benefit from increased attention to ecological mechanisms and metric development,to further improve our understanding of anthropogenic impacts as well as rehabilitation effects on freshwater ecosystems *** closer attention to study designs,ecological mechanisms and metric development should further improve our understa

关键词： IBI mmI Fish macroinvertebrates Algae Streams Rivers Lakes Wetlands Biological monitoring

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