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The potential for an old-growth forest to store carbon in the topsoil:A case study at Sasso Fratino,Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 23-32页

作者： Tommaso Chiti Nicola Benilli Giovanni Mastrolonardo giacomo Certini Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali(DIBAF)Universitàdella TusciaVia San C.de Lellis Snc01100 ViterboItaly Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie AlimentariAmbientali e Forestali(DAGRI)Universitàdegli Studi di FirenzeP.le delle Cascine 1850144 FirenzeItaly

There is considerable interest devoted to oldgrowth forests and their capacity to store carbon(C)in biomass and *** of C stocks in old-growth forests are carried out worldwide,although there is a lack of information on their actual potential for C *** further understand this,soil organic carbon(SOC)was measured in one of Italy's best-preserved old-growth forests,the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature *** reserve is on the World Heritage List along with other ancient beech forests of Europe,and it is virtually untouched due to the steepness of the terrain,even before legal constraints were *** the sandstone-derived soils are often shallow,they are rich in organic ***,no quantification had been carried *** systematically sampling the topsoil across the forest,we accurately determined the average amount of SOC(62.0±16.9 Mg ha^(–1))and nitrogen(4.0±1.2 Mg ha^(–1))in the top 20 *** the CENTURY model,future dynamics of SOC stocks were predicted to 2050 according to two climate scenarios,A1F1 and B2,the first of high concern and the second more *** model projected an increase of 0.2 and 0.3 Mg ha^(–1)a^(–1)by 2030 under the A1F1 and B2 scenarios,respectively,suggesting that the topsoil in old-growth forests does not reach equilibrium but continues accumulating ***,from 2030 to 2050,a decline in SOC accumulation is predicted,indicating SOC net loss at high altitudes under the worst-case *** study confirms that soils in oldgrowth forests play a significant role in carbon *** also suggests that climate change may affect the potential of these forests to store SOC not only in the long term but also in the coming years.

关键词： Carbon sequestration CENTURY model Climate change Forest soil Soil nitrogen

Simplified prediction models for acoustic installation effects of train-mounted equipment

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 125-143页

作者： David Thompson Dong Zhao giacomo Squicciarini Institute of Sound and Vibration Research University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

Acoustic models of railway vehicles in standstill and pass-by conditions can be used as part of a virtual certification process for new *** each piece of auxiliary equipment,the sound power measured on a test bench is combined with meas-ured or predicted transfer *** is important,however,to allow for installation effects due to shielding by fairings or the train *** the current work,fast-running analytical models are developed to determine these installation *** model for roof-mounted sources takes account of diffraction at the corner of the train body or fairing,using a barrier *** equipment mounted under the train,the acoustic propagation from the sides of the source is based on free-field Green’s *** bottom surfaces are assumed to radiate initially into a cavity under the train,which is modelled with a simple diffuse field *** sound emitted from the gaps at the side of the cavity is then assumed to propagate to the receivers according to free-field Green’s *** show good agreement with a 2.5D boundary element model and with *** uncertainty and parametric uncertainty are *** largest variability occurs due to the height and impedance of the ground,especially for a low *** leads to standard deviations of up to 4 dB at low *** the roof-mounted sources,uncertainty over the location of the corner used in the equivalent barrier model can also lead to large standard deviations.

关键词： Train noise Auxiliary equipment Acoustic installation effects Virtual certification Uncertainty

A call for enhanced data-driven insights into wind energy flow physics

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第1期14卷 6-10页

作者： Coleman Moss Romit Maulik giacomo Valerio Iungo Wind Fluids and Experiments(WindFluX)Laboratory Mechanical Engineering DepartmentThe University of Texas at DallasRichardson 75080USA College of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State UniversityState College 16801USA

With the increased availability of experimental measurements aiming at probing wind resources and wind turbine operations,machine learning(ML)models are poised to advance our understanding of the physics underpinning the interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer and wind turbine arrays,the generated wakes and their interactions,and wind energy ***,the majority of the existing ML models for predicting wind turbine wakes merely recreate Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulated data with analogous accuracy but reduced computational costs,thus providing surrogate models rather than enhanced data-enabled physics *** ML-based surrogate models are useful to overcome current limitations associated with the high computational costs of CFD models,using ML to unveil processes from experimental data or enhance modeling capabilities is deemed a potential research direction to *** this letter,we discuss recent achievements in the realm of ML modeling of wind turbine wakes and operations,along with new promising research strategies.

关键词： Machine learning Wake Wind turbine Wind farm Supervisory control and data acquisition

Extending OpenStack Monasca for Predictive Elasticity Control

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 315-339页

作者： giacomo Lanciano Filippo Galli Tommaso Cucinotta Davide Bacciu Andrea Passarella Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa 56126Italy the Real-Time Systems Laboratory(RETIS) TelecommunicationsComputer Engineeringand Photonics Institute(TeCIP)Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa 56127Italy Department of Computer Science University of PisaPisa 56127Italy National Research Council Pisa56127Italy

Traditional auto-scaling approaches are conceived as reactive automations,typically triggered when predefined thresholds are breached by resource consumption *** such rules at scale is cumbersome,especially when resources require non-negligible time to be *** paper introduces an architecture for predictive cloud operations,which enables orchestrators to apply time-series forecasting techniques to estimate the evolution of relevant metrics and take decisions based on the predicted state of the *** this way,they can anticipate load peaks and trigger appropriate scaling actions in advance,such that new resources are available when *** proposed architecture is implemented in OpenStack,extending the monitoring capabilities of Monasca by injecting short-term forecasts of standard *** use our architecture to implement predictive scaling policies leveraging on linear regression,autoregressive integrated moving average,feed-forward,and recurrent neural networks(RNN).Then,we evaluate their performance on a synthetic workload,comparing them to those of a traditional *** assess the ability of the different models to generalize to unseen patterns,we also evaluate them on traces from a real content delivery network(CDN)*** particular,the RNN model exhibites the best overall performance in terms of prediction error,observed client-side response latency,and forecasting *** implementation of our architecture is open-source.

关键词： OpenStack monitoring elasticity control auto-scaling predictive operations Monasca

Aqueous electrochemical delithiation of cathode materials as a strategy to selectively recover lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 144-153,I0004页

作者： Pier Giorgio Schiavi Andrea giacomo Marrani Olga Russina Ludovica D’Annibale Francesco Amato Francesca Pagnanelli Pietro Altimari Department of Chemistry Sapienza University of RomePiazzale Aldo Moro n.500185 RomeItaly

Lithium recovery from end-of-life Li-ion batteries(LIBs)through pyro-and hydrometallurgical recycling processes involves several refining stages,with high consumption of reagents and energy.A competitive technological alternative is the electrochemical oxidation of the cathode materials,whereby lithium can be deintercalated and transferred to an electrolyte solution without the aid of chemical extracting *** article investigates the potential to selectively recover Li from LIB cathode materials by direct electrochemical extraction in aqueous *** process allowed to recovering up to 98%of Li from high-purity commercial cathode materials(LiMn_(2)O_(4),LiCoO_(2),and Li Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_(2))with a faradaic efficiency of 98%and negligible co-extraction of Co,Ni,and *** process was then applied to recover Li from the real waste LIBs black mass obtained by the physical treatment of electric vehicle battery *** black mass contained graphite,conductive carbon,and metal impurities from current collectors and steel cases,which significantly influenced the evolution and performances of Li electrochemical ***,due to concomitant oxidation of impurities,lithium extraction yields and faradaic efficiencies were lower than those obtained with high-purity cathode *** oxidation was found to occur within the voltage range investigated,but it could not quantitatively explain the reduced Li extraction *** fact,a detailed investigation revealed that above 1.3 V ***/Ag Cl,conductive carbon can be oxidized,contributing to the decreased Li *** on the reported experimental results,guidelines were provided that quantitatively enable the extraction of Li from the black mass,while preventing the simultaneous oxidation of impurities and,consequently,reducing the energy consumption of the proposed Li recovery method.

关键词： Lithium recovery Lithium-ion batteries recycling Electrochemical lithium extraction Lithium selective Extraction

Sex differences in the risk of retinopathy of prematurity:a systematic review,frequentist and Bayesian meta‑analysis,and meta‑regression

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 340-352页

作者： Tamara M.Hundscheid Silvia Gulden Mohamad F.Almutairi František Bartoš giacomo Cavallaro Eduardo Villamor Division of Neonatology Department of PediatricsMosaKids Children’s HospitalMaastricht University Medical Center(MUMC+)School for Oncology and Reproduction(GROW)Maastricht UniversityP.Debyelaan 25.P.O.Box 58006202 AZ MaastrichtThe Netherlands Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Sant’Anna HospitalComoItaly Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam1001 NK AmsterdamThe Netherlands Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly

Background Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is generally considered to be more frequent in males than in ***,it is not known whether sex differences in ROP affect all degrees of the condition,are global and have changed as neonatology has *** aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies addressing sex differences in the risk of developing *** PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases were *** frequentist,random-effects risk ratio(RR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)were *** model averaged(BMA)meta-analysis was used to calculate the Bayes factors(BFs).The BF10 is the ratio of the probability of the data under the alternative hypothesis(H1)over the probability of the data under the null hypothesis(H0).Results We included 205 studies(867,252 infants).Frequentist meta-analysis showed a positive association between male sex and severe ROP(113 studies,RR=1.14,95%CI=1.07–1.22)but no association with any ROP(144 studies,RR=1.00,95%CI=0.96–1.03).BMA showed extreme evidence in favor of H1 for severe ROP(BF10=71,174)and strong evidence in favor of H0 for any ROP(BF10=0.05).The association between male sex and severe ROP remained stable over time and was present only in cohorts from countries with a high or high-middle sociodemographic *** Our study confirms the presence of a male disadvantage in severe ROP but not in less severe forms of the *** are variations in the sex differences in ROP,depending on geographical location and sociodemographic level of the countries.

关键词： Oxidative stress Retinopathy of prematurity Sex characteristics

Spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics in young leaves reveal cyclic hypoxia in plants

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Molecular Plant 2024年第3期17卷 377-394页

作者： Paolo M.Triozzi Luca Brunello giacomo Novi Gianmarco Ferri Francesco Cardarelli Elena Loreti Mariano Perales Pierdomenico Perata PlantLab Center of Plant SciencesSant'Anna School of Advanced Studies56010 PisaItaly Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA-CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcon28223 MadridSpain Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza 56017 PisaItaly Laboratorio NEST Scuola Normale SuperioreIstituto Nanoscienze-CNRPiazza S.Silvestro1256127 PisaItaly institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council56124 PisaItaly Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria AgronomicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)28040 Madrid.Spain

Oxygen is essential for plant growth and *** occurs in plants due to limited oxygen avail-abilityfollowing adverse environmental conditions as well inhypoxic niches in otherwisenormoxic ***,the existence and functional integration of spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics with plant development remains *** animal systems dynamic fluctuations in oxygen availability are known as cyclic *** this study,we demonstrate that cyclic fluctuations in internal oxygen levels occur in young emerging leaves of Arabidopsis *** hypoxia in plants is based on a mechanism requiring the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS type VII(ERFVII)that are central components of the oxygen-sensing machinery in *** ERFVll-dependent mechanism allows precise adjustment of leaf growth in response to carbon status and oxygen availability within plant *** study thus establishes a functional connection between internal spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics and developmental processes of plants.

关键词： Arabidopsis hypoxia cyclic hypoxia leaf development oxygen-sensing mechanism ERFVII

Lower limb suspension induces threshold-specific alterations of motor units properties that are reversed by active recovery

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 264-276页

作者： giacomo Valli Fabio Sarto Andrea Casolo Alessandro Del Vecchio Martino V.Franchi Marco V.Narici Giuseppe De Vito Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nurnberg 91052Germany

Purpose:This study aimed to non-invasively test the hypothesis that(a) short-term lower limb unloading would induce changes in the neural control of force production(based on motor units(MUs) properties) in the vastus lateralis muscle and(b) possible changes are reversed by active recovery(AR).Methods:Ten young males underwent 10 days of unilateral lower limb suspension(ULLS) followed by 21 days of *** ULLS,participants walked exclusively on crutches with the dominant leg suspended in a slightly flexed position(15°-20°) and with the contralateral foot raised by an elevated *** AR was based on resistance exercise(leg press and leg extension) and executed at 70% of each participant’s 1repetition maximum,3 times/*** voluntary isometric contraction(MVC) of knee extensors and MUs properties of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured at baseline,after ULLS,and after *** were identified using high-density electromyography during trapezoidal isometric contractions at 10%,25%,and 50% of the current MVC,and individual MUs were tracked across the 3 data collection ***:We identified 1428 unique MUs,and 270 of them(18.9%) were accurately *** ULLS,MVC decreased by 29.77%,MUs absolute recruitment/derecruitment thresholds were reduced at all contraction intensities(with changes between the 2 variables strongly correlated),while discharge rate was reduced at 10% and 25% but not at 50% *** MVC and MUs properties fully recovered to baseline levels after *** changes were observed in the pool of total as well as tracked ***:Our novel results demonstrate,non-invasively,that 10 days of ULLS affected neural control predominantly by altering the discharge rate of lower-threshold but not of higher-threshold MUs,suggesting a preferential impact of disuse on motoneurons with a lower depolarization ***,after 21 days of AR,the impaired MUs properties were fully restored to baseline levels,highlighting the plas

关键词： Disuse High-density EMG Muscle disuse Neural impairment Neuromuscular degeneration

Tri-axial accelerometry allows to determine parental food provisioning behaviour in a marine bird

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Avian Research 2024年第3期 345-351页

作者： Monserrat Del Ca?o Flavio Quintana giacomo Dell'Omo Agustina Gómez-Laich Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR) CONICET Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución (EGE) and Instituto de Ecología Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA) CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Pabellón Ⅱ Ciudad Universitaria

The study of parental food provisioning is essential for understanding the breeding ecology of birds. We conducted the first study using accelerometry to detect food provisioning in birds, using Support Vector Machine(SVM) models to identify when adults feed chicks of three different age classes. Accelerometers were attached to the head of adult female Imperial Shags(Leucocarbo atriceps), and various attributes derived from the acceleration signals were used to train SVM models for each chick age class. Model performance improved with chick age class, with SVM models achieving high overall accuracy(>88%) and highest sensitivity in older chick categories(>91%). However, precision values, especially for younger chicks, remained relatively low(between 26% and 45%). The application of a time filter based on the minimum duration of the observed food provisioning behaviours for each chick age category, improved model performance by reducing false provisioning behaviours, particularly in the model for older chicks, which showed the highest precision(72.4%). This study highlights the effectiveness of accelerometry and machine learning in studying parental food provisioning in birds, providing a rapid and accurate data collection method to complement traditional techniques. The described methodology can be applied to any bird species that exhibits distinctive movements while feeding its offspring and has suitable characteristics for attaching an accelerometer to the body part that best captures this movement. Finally, it is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to future research on key questions in parental investment theory and reproductive strategies in birds.

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