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Experimental Assessment of the Thermal Performance of Two Corrugated Metal Roofs

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2374-2392页

作者： Kouamé Jean-Louis Kouakou Ekoun paul Magloire Koffi bi Tra Désiré Zinla Prosper Gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire

This experimental study is a contribution to the search for solutions to reduce indoor heat gain through sheet metal roofing in hot weather. It has evaluated the thermal impact of two different sheet metal roofs inside of two identical test buildings in sunny weather and cloudy weather conditions. Test building 1 has a single sheet corrugated roof and the building 2 is covered with roof made from top to bottom with corrugated sheet metal, a 12 mm thick serpentine copper tube in which water is circulated, a sheet of aluminium foil acting as a heat reflector, a 4 cm thick polystyrene panel and a 1.5 cm thick plywood. A maximum reduction of 15.1˚C in the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 2 roof was obtained comparatively to the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 1 roof consisting of a single sheet of metal at the warmest hours. In addition, the simple corrugated sheet metal roof of the test building generates high and varied temperatures inside the building. Whereas the proposed heat recovery roof favours low and relatively uniform temperatures inside the building. The proposed sheet metal roof construction technique is very effective in reducing the heat gain through the roof considerably;thus improving the thermal comfort inside sheet metal roofed dwellings. Hot water has been produced by recovering heat from the metal sheet of the roof of test building 2. The temperature of the hot water produced reached of 39˚C. This study could be also an alternative for the reduction of energy consumption due to the use of mechanical means for cooling of sheet metal roofed houses and the reduction of the use of fossil fuels for domestic hot water production.

关键词： Metal Roof Corrugated Time Lag Decrement Factor

Life Cycle Assessment of Cashew Nutshell Briquettes Produced in Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2411-2430页

作者： bi Tra Désiré Zinla Ekoun paul Magloire Koffi Kamenan Blaise Koua Kpeusseu Angeline Kouambla Epse Yeo Prosper Gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Laboratoire des Sciences de la Matire de lEnvironnement et de lEnergie Solaire Unit de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences des Structures de la Matire et de Technologie Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Now one of the main cash crops in Côte d’Ivoire, the cashew tree feeds an entire industrial sector based on the processing of its fruit. This processing generates a large volume of waste, consisting of cashew nutshells, the management of which poses environmental problems. With the aim of replacing charcoal and firewood with more environmentally friendly fuels, several studies are currently being carried out into the optimal use of cashew shells in fuel briquettes. To assess the environmental sustainability of these briquettes, this study calculates the environmental impacts associated with their life cycle, compares them with those of charcoal and firewood, and identifies the processes that contribute most to environmental pollution, with a view to improving them. Analysis of the results showed that cashew nutshell briquettes emit a range of pollutants over their life cycle that damage the environment and are responsible for the 7 impact categories considered: acidification, eutrophication, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, global warming, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. However, they are more environmentally friendly than charcoal and firewood for 5 impact categories: freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, global warming, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. The 3 elementary processes, i.e. transport of biomass raw materials, production, and combustion of briquettes, emit pollutants that contribute most to the creation of environmental impact categories. The most relevant pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter (PM).

关键词： LCA Briquettes Cashew Nutshell biomass Environmental Impact

Retro Placental Hematoma: Maternal and Fetal Prognosis at the Maternity of the University Hospital of Bouake

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 44-56页

作者： Samake Yaya Djanhan Lydie Estelle Menin-Messou Benie Michele Kouadio Kouadio Narcisse Akanji Iburaima Alamun M’bro Clausen Georgie Boko Dagoun Dagbesse Elysee Camara Sokhona N’guessan Kouadio Ismael Foua bi paul Hyacinthe Keita Ismael Vaho Magnificat Marina Kone Minzata Yasmine Doumbia Yacouba Gynaecology-Obstetrics Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké Bouake Ivory Coast Mother and Child Department Alassane Ouattara University Bouake Ivory Coast

Introduction: Retroplacental haematoma (RPH) is a very serious complication of pregnancy, with life-threatening consequences for both the mother and foetus. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of patients with retroplacental haematoma (RPH) and describe the maternal-foetal complications at Bouaké University Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective, descriptive and analytical study carried out at Bouaké University Hospital over a period of 3 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. All parturients with RPH whose delivery took place at the hospital were included in the study. Data were entered and analysed using EPI INFO software version 7.***.2.6. Results: We recorded 2,0959 deliveries, including 202 cases of RPH, representing an incidence of 0.96%. The 21 to 35 age group accounted for 64.4%, multigestas and large multigestas accounted for 58.5% and multiparas accounted for 41.6%. The main signs on clinical examination were metrorrhagia (100%), arterial hypertension (84.6%) and cervical cerclage (79.7%). Preeclampsia accounted for 50% of per-gestational pathologies. Maternal mortality was 12.9%. Morbidity was dominated by anaemia in 64.1%, followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in 21.8%, and the factors associated with this maternal prognosis were multiple gestations, multiparity, Sher grade IIIb and the occurrence of complications such as DIC, shock, renal complications and HELLP syndrome. Neonatal mortality was 79.2%, and the factors associated with these fetal prognoses were cup size ≥ 5 cm and hematoma weight ≥ 500 g. Conclusion: Better screening of at-risk populations, early diagnosis and treatment in an organised and equipped medical and surgical facility would improve prognosis.

关键词： Retroplacental Haematoma Lethality Bouaké and Prognosis

Emerging function of mTORC2 as a core regulator in glioblastoma: metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance

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Cancer biology & Medicine 2014年第4期11卷 255-263页

作者： Si-Han Wu Jun-Feng bi Timothy Cloughesy Webster K.Cavenee paul S.Mischel Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research University of California Neuro-Oncology Program University of California

Glioblastoma （GBM） is one of the most lethal human cancers. Genomic analyses define the molecular architecture of GBM and highlight a central function for mechanistic target of rapamycin （roTOR） signaling, roTOR kinase exists in two multi- protein complexes, namely, mTORC 1 and mTORC2. These complexes differ in terms of function, regulation and rapamycin sensitivity, mTORC 1 is well established as a cancer drug target, whereas the functions of mTORC2 in cancer, including GBM, remains poorly understood. This study reviews the recent findings that demonstrate a central function ofmTORC2 in regulating tumor growth, metabolic reprogramming, and targeted therapy resistance in GBM, which makes mTORCZ as a critical GBM drug target.

关键词： Glioblastoma mTOR metabolic reprogramming mTORC2 Warburg effect PI3K

Nanocarbon-based electrode materials applied for supercapacitors

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Rare Metals 2022年第12期41卷 3957-3975页

作者： Yu-Xiang Yang Kang-Kang Ge Sajid ur Rehman Hong bi School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefei 230601China CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085UniversitéPaul Sabatier ToulouseⅢToulouse 31062France CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical biology Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China

As one of the promising energy storage and conversion systems,supercapacitors(SCs)are highly favored owing to their high power density and good service *** all the key components of supercapacitor devices,the design and investigation of electrode materials play an essential role in determining the whole electrochemical charge storage ***,nanocarbon-based materials(e.g.,graphene,carbon dots,graphene quantum dots,etc.)have been widely used as SC electrode materials because of their good physical structure and chemical properties,providing a new route to further improve the energy density and life span of ***,we review the latest progress of nanocarbon-based materials(including nanocarbon and nanocarbon-based composite materials)as electrode materials in SCs *** recent progress of carbon dots,graphene,carbon nanotubes,and other nanocarbon materials electrodes is summarized,while the capacitance and energy density of the above nanocarbon electrodes still need to be ***,the preparation and performance of nanocarbonbased composite electrodes comprising transition metal oxides,conductive polymer,and metal-organic framework derived porous carbon are ***,we outline major challenges and propose some ideas on building better nanocarbon-based SC electrodes.

关键词： Supercapacitor(SC) Nanocarbon Electrode materials Carbon dots Nanocarbon-based composite

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阿伏伽德罗常数:单位和标度因子(英文)

质谱学报 2004年第3期25卷 183-188,174页

作者： paul De bièvre Independent Consultant on Metrology in Chemistry (MiC)

阿伏伽德罗常数的重要性在于它可用作测量物质的量的单位 ,它的数值还可用作度量宏观数量与等量的微观原子数量之间的标度因子。问题起因是严格限定阿伏伽德罗常数 6位有效数字是否无用 ,使得进一步改进测量不确定度至 <1 0 -7NA 的提... 详细信息

阿伏伽德罗常数的重要性在于它可用作测量物质的量的单位 ,它的数值还可用作度量宏观数量与等量的微观原子数量之间的标度因子。问题起因是严格限定阿伏伽德罗常数 6位有效数字是否无用 ,使得进一步改进测量不确定度至 <1 0 -7NA 的提议悬而不决。测量不确定度的改进与提出改变有效数值是完全不同的 ,果真如此 ,有效数字此类改变都会很好地隐含在不确定度括号内的数字里。问题是基于我们的物质“微粒”特性观念和其紧密相连“数值”概念 ,阿伏伽德罗常数作为物质数量单位基础的确立将非常有用于国际标准单位制 ( SI) ,不仅简化了建立化学量测量结果向国际标准单位制的溯源 (即物质量国际标准单位制的确立 ) 。

关键词：阿伏伽德罗常数单位标度因子测量不确定度 “物质的量”

Malignant transformation by oncogenic K-ras requires IDH2-mediated reductive carboxylation to promote glutamine utilization

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Cancer Communications 2023年第2期43卷 285-289页

作者： Rui Liu Panpan Liu Huichang bi Jianhua Ling Huiqin Zhang Mingquan Zhang Yumin Hu paul J Chiao Peng Huang Jinyun Liu Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong 510060P.R.China School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275P.R.China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515P.R.China Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas 77030USA Metabolic Research Platform Center for Precision MedicineZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510080P.R.China

Dear Editor,Oncogenic K-ras mutation plays a major role in malignant transformation and induces significant alterations in cancer cell metabolism[1–4].However,the major molecular players mediating metabolic alterations during K-ras-driven cancer development remain *** observations that tumorigenesis often requires multiple hits suggest that K-ras mutation likely needs the coordination of other molecular events that enable adaptive cellular metabolism for a full malignant *** on our previous study on the impact of K-ras onmitochondrial metabolism[1,5]and our recent findings that mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2(IDH2)could promote the“reverse”flow of the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle fromα-KG to isocitrate and enhance the survival and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells[6],we investigated the potential role of IDH2 in metabolic adaptation during K-ras-driven tumorigenesis.

关键词： metabolism alterations cancer

德国卒中康复模式在中国老年卒中患者中的应用

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老年医学与保健 2024年第1期30卷 50-56,70页

作者：张弛桑贤明李艾莲王娜娜周文萍李学敏 paul W.Schonle 上海国际医学中心康复医学科上海201315

目的验证德国康复模式用于中国卒中康复人群的有效性。方法本研究为回顾性、非干预性单臂研究,纳入了2019年3月—2022年8月期间在上海国际医学中心康复医学科接受德国康复模式治疗的卒中后患者。使用三级康复评估体系评估患者的各项功能... 详细信息

目的验证德国康复模式用于中国卒中康复人群的有效性。方法本研究为回顾性、非干预性单臂研究,纳入了2019年3月—2022年8月期间在上海国际医学中心康复医学科接受德国康复模式治疗的卒中后患者。使用三级康复评估体系评估患者的各项功能,并根据早期Barthel指数(early barthel index,Ebi)对患者进行分级,以对患者进行分类康复评估并制定康复方案。利用多种量表对患者治疗前后日常生活能力、疾病恢复情况、运动功能、语言功能、吞咽功能等进行评估。对纳入患者的人口学特征、卒中疾病情况、入院时的功能状况进行了描述性分析,连续性变量的描述性统计包括平均值、中位值、标准差、最大最小值等,分类变量的描述性统计包括计数、百分比等。患者的功能评估数据是纵向数据,包含患者在入院时、入院后每月或每周以及出院时的评估数据。对患者入院后每次的功能评估较基线(入院时)的功能评估变化进行了分析,包括每次功能评估的绝对值及标准差、自基线变化均值及标准差、以及出院时自基线变化的统计学检验(t-test)和95%置信区间。同时对患者每次评估数据的完整性进行了分析。结果81例患者纳入分析,年龄60~90岁,平均(70.7±7.1)岁。(1)日常生活能力:康复治疗后患者的Ebi由治疗前的平均15.5上升至平均42.3,升高了172.3%(Pbi)、功能独立性量表(functional independence measure,FIM)评分分别较治疗前上升了49.7%(P<0.0001)、33.0%(P<0.0001);(2)疾病恢复情况:改良Ranking量表(modified ranking scale,mRS)评分在治疗后改善了21.1%(P<0.0001),美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)则改善了32.1%(P<0.0001);(3)运动功能:患者的Berg平衡量表评分在治疗后提升了99.4%(P<0.0001),上肢和下肢Fugl-Meyer评分分别提升了44.7%(P<0.0001)和32.9%(P<0.0001);(4)言语功能:Token测验和西方失语症成套测验(The western aphasia battery,WAB)评分在治疗后分别提升了14.2%(P=0.0163)、32.4%(P=0.0997);(5)吞咽功能:反复唾液吞咽测试(repetitive saliva swallowing test,RSST)由治疗前的平均0.8次/30 s提升至2.1次/30 s。结论德国康复模式用于中国卒中人群能够有效提升患者的日常生活能力、改善卒中后恢复情况、提高平衡功能及上下肢运动能力、改善语言障碍。

关键词：老年卒中康复德国模式中国

Improved Detection of Sleeping Sickness Cases by LED Fluorescence Microscopy: Evidence from a Prospective Multi-Centric Study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Microscopy Research 2015年第2期3卷 17-25页

作者： Patrick Mitashi Pascal Lutumba Crispin Lumbala paul Bessell Sylvain biéler Joseph Mathu Ndung’u Tropical Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine (PNLTHA) Croisement de l’Avenue de la Libération et du Boulevard Triomphal 1 Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) Campus Biotech Chemin des Mines 9 Geneva Switzerland

Background: Confirmatory diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is based on demonstration of parasites by microscopy. However, the sensitivity of routine microscopy methods is very low, and many cases are missed and left untreated. A clinical study was conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to evaluate the accuracy of improved microscopy methods in diagnosis of HAT. These included examination by fluorescence microscopy (FM) of acridine orange (AO) stained smears of whole blood and smears made following a new procedure for concentrating trypanosomes by selective lysis of red blood cells (RBC). Methodology/Principal Findings: Venous blood was collected from 213 HAT cases, 101 HAT suspects and 95 controls and used to determine the accuracy of four microscopy methods: bright field microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick blood smears, FM of AO-stained thick blood smears, FM of AO-stained thick blood smears prepared after RBC lysis and concentration, and FM of AO-stained thin blood smears prepared after RBC lysis and concentration. The sensitivity of FM using thick blood smears stained with AO was 3 times higher than bright field microscopy using Giemsa-stained thick blood smears [19.7% (95% CI: 14.9% - 25.6%) versus 6.1% (95% CI: 3.6% - 10.2%)]. When the RBC lysis and concentration procedure was included, sensitivity of the test was further enhanced to 23.0% (95% CI: 17.9% - 29.1%) with thick blood smears and 34.3% (95% CI: 28.2% - 40.9%) with thin blood smears. Specificity of all four microscopy methods was 100% (95% CI: 96.1% - 100.0%). However, the miniature anion exchange chromatography technique (mAECT) and capillary tube centrifugation (CTC) method remained more sensitive. Conclusions: These new methods have practical advantages, including shorter staining time, ease of demonstration of parasites, and the possibility of archiving slides. They could, therefore, be alternative methods to improve case detection where concen

关键词： Human African Trypanosomiasis Trypanosome LED Fluorescence Microscopy Red Blood Cell Lysis Diagnosis