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Plasma Membrane Localization and Potential Endocytosis of Constitutively Expressed XA21 Proteins in Transgenic Rice

Molecular Plant 2010年第5期3卷 917-926页

作者： Fang Chen Ming-Jun Gao Yan-Song Miao Yue-Xing Yuan Mu-Yang Wang Qun Li bi-zeng mao Li-Wen Jiang Zu-Hua He National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Present address: Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven CT 06511 USA Department of biology and Molecular biotechnology Program The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China Present address: Department of Emergency Medicine Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA 19107 USA biotechnology Institute Zhejiang University Hanghzou 310029 China

The rice pattern recognition receptor （PRR） XA21 confers race-specific resistance in leaf infection by bacterial blight Xathornonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo）, and was shown to be primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum （ER） when expressed with its native promoter or overexpressed in the protoplast. However, whether the protein is still ER- localization in the intact cell when overexpressed remains to be identified. Here, we showed that XA21, its kinase-dead mutant XA21PK736EP and the triple autophosphorylation mutant XA21PS686AJT688AJS699A GFP fusions were primarily localized to the plasma membrane （PM） when overexpressed in the intact transgenic rice cell, and also localized to the ER in the transgenic protoplast. The transgenic plants constitutively expressing the wild-type XA21 or its GFP fusion displayed racespecific resistance to Xoo at the adult and seedling stages. XA21 and XA21PK736EP could be internalized probably via the SCAMP-positive early endosomal compartment in the protoplast, suggesting that XA21 might be endocytosed to initiate resistance responses during pathogen infection. We also established a root infection system and demonstrated that XA21 also mediated race-specific resistance responses to Xoo in the root. Our current study provides an insight into the nature of the XA21-mediated resistance and a practical approach using the root cell system to further dissect the cellular signaling of the PRR during the rice-Xoo interaction.

关键词： Rice XA21 pattern recognition receptor bacterial bight cellular localization internalization root infection race-specific resistance.

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Alpha-picolinic acid,a fungal toxin and mammal apoptosis-inducing agent,elicits hypersensitive-like response and enhances disease resistance in rice

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Cell Research 2004年第1期14卷 27-33页

作者： Hai Kuo ZHANG~1, Xin ZHANG~1, bi zeng mao~(2,) Qun LI~1, Zu Hua HE~(1,2*) ~1SHARF and National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China. ~2biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China. SHARF and National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China biotechnology Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Alpha-picolinic acid (PA), a metabolite of tryptophan and an inducer of apoptosis in the animal cell, has been reported to be a toxin produced by some of plant fungal pathogens and used in screening for disease resistant mutants. Here, we report that PA is an efficient apoptosis agent triggering cell death of hypersensitive-like response in planta. Confirmed by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS), rice suspension cells and leaves exhibited programmed cell death induced by PA. The PA-induced cell death was associated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that could be blocked by diphenylene iodonium chloride, indicating that the generation of reactive oxygen species was NADPH-oxidase dependent. We also demonstrated the induction of rice defense-related genes and subsequent resistant enhancement by PA against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Hence, it was concluded that the PA-stimulated defense response likely involves the onset of the hypersensitive response in rice, which also

关键词： picolinic acid cell death hypersensitive responses Magraporche grisea rice.

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A self-tuning control method for Wiener nonlinear systems and its application to process control problems

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017年第2期25卷 193-201页

作者： Ping Yuan bi Zhang Zhizhong mao College of Information Science & Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China

Many chemical processes can be modeled as Wiener models, which consist of a linear dynamic subsystem followed by a static nonlinear block. In this paper, an effective discrete-time adaptive control method is proposed for Wiener nonlinear systems with uncertainties. The parameterization model is derived based on the inverse of the nonlinear function block. The adaptive control method is motivated by self-tuning control and is derived from a modified Clarke criterion function, which considers both tracking properties and control efforts. The uncertain parameters are updated by a recursive least squares algorithm and the control law exhibits an explicit form. The closed-loop system stability properties are discussed. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results, two groups of simulation examples including an application to composition control in a continuously stirred tank reactor(CSTR) system are studied.

关键词： Wiener systemsAdaptive controlUncertaintiesStabilityCSTR

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An optimized time-adaptive aerothermal coupling calculation method for aerothermal analysis of disc cavity system

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第9期37卷 164-177页

作者： Shuai bi Junkui mao Lei WANG Feng HAN College of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 20016China AECC Aeroengine Control System Institute Wuxi 214063China Integrated Energy Institute Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

In order to further achieve the balance between the calculation accuracy and efficiency of the transient analysis of the aero-engine disc cavity system,an Optimized Time-adaptive Aerother-mal Coupling calculation(OTAC)method has been *** combines one-dimensional tran-sient calculation of air system,Conventional Sequence Staggered(CSS)method,Time-adaptive Aerothermal Coupling calculation(TAC)method and differential evolution optimization algorithm to obtain an efficient and high-precision aerothermal coupling calculation method of air *** both the heat conduction in the solid domain and the flow in the fluid domain as unsteady states in the OTAC,the interaction of fluid-solid information within a single coupling time step size was implemented based on the CSS ***,the coupling time step size was automatically adjusted with the number of iterations by using the Proportional-Integral-Deri vative(PID)*** show that when compared with the traditional loosely coupling method with a fixed time step size,the computational accuracy and efficiency of the OTAC method are improved by 8.9%and 30%,*** with the tight coupling calculation,the OTAC method can achieve a speedup of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude,while the calculation error is maintained within 6.1%.

关键词： Air system 1D-3D coupling Conjugate heat transfer Transient calculation Adaptive time step size

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Forecasting complex group behavior via multiple plan recognition

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2012年第1期6卷 102-110页

作者： Xiaochen LI Wenji mao Daniel zeng State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Group behavior forecasting is an emergent re- search and application field in social computing. Most of the existing group behavior forecasting methods have heavily re- lied on structured data which is usually hard to obtain. To ease the heavy reliance on structured data, in this paper, we pro- pose a computational approach based on the recognition of multiple plans/intentions underlying group behavior. We fur- ther conduct human experiment to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

关键词： group behavior forecasting multiple planrecognition graph search

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High-precision deformation monitoring algorithm for GBSAR system: rail determination phase error compensation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第8期59卷 204-219页

作者： Cheng HU mao ZHU Tao zeng Weiming TIAN Cong mao Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-time Information Processing Technology Beijing Institute of Technology

In recent years, the repeat-pass GBSAR(ground based synthetic aperture radar) system has demonstrated its capacity to acquire deformation. Nevertheless, in a variety of applications, it needs to measure the deformation with the precision up to 0.1 mm, which could not be reached by utilizing the traditional PS(permanent scatterer) algorithm in most cases. Generally, one of the main reasons could be summarized into the phase error caused by the rail determination error, because the precision of rail determination might degrade during long working hours. However, the traditional PS algorithm could not compensate for the phase error caused by the rail determination error. In order to solve the problems, we modify the conventional PS ***, we deduced the transformation relationship between the rail determination error and its corresponding interferometric phase error. Then, the phase errors caused by the atmosphere and the rail determination error were jointly compensated. The experimental data, which were obtained in Fangshan District in Beijing(China), were used to test and verify the performance of the new algorithm. After the comparison between the results processed by the new algorithm and those processed by the traditional algorithm, the proposed method demonstrated its ability to obtain high-precision deformation.

关键词： permanent scatterer(PS) synthetic aperture radar(SAR) ground-based SAR deformation monitoring radar

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Constructing temporal and spatial water vapor figures by GPS remote sensing along slant rays

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第2期50卷 296-305页

作者： mao Hui mao JieTai bi YanMeng LI ChengCai LIU XiaoYang Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau Shenzhen 518001China

A Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver can generally track 5-7 rays from GPS satellites at any moment, and water vapor along these ray paths (slant-path water vapor, SWV) may be retrieved using the methods developed in recent years. This paper suggests two new parameters-absolute vertical SWV (VSWV) and relative VSWV derived from SWV, and their temporal and spatial figures can reflect the heterogeneous distribution and variation of water vapor field. This approach has been applied to the weather diagnoses in a severe storm event in Beijing during July 2004, and it is concluded that the temporal and spatial figures of absolute VSWV and relative VSWV can be useful in monitoring the evolution of water vapor field and be potential in better understanding the precipitation process.

关键词： GPS absolute VSWV relative VSWV water vapor precipitation

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Interactions Between Surface Reactions and Gas-phase Reactions in Catalytic Combustion and Their Influence on Ignition of HCCI Engine

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2006年第6期22卷 776-782页

作者： zeng Wen XIE mao-zhao JIA Ming Department of Power Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China

The catalytic combustion of methane in a mierochannel whose surface was coated with platinum（Pt） catalyst was studied by numerical-simulation. The effects of gas-phase reactions on the whole catalytic combustion process were analyzed at a high inlet pressure. A sensitivity analysis of the detailed mechanisms of the surface reaction of methane on Pt revealed that the most sensitive reactions affecting the heterogeneous ignition are oxygen adsorption/desorption and methane adsorption, and the most sensitive reactions affecting the homogeneous ignition are OH and H2O adsorption/desorption. The combustion process of the homogeneous charge compression ignition（HCCI） engine whose piston face was coated with Pt catalyst was simulated. The effects of catalysis and the most sensitive reactions on the ignition timing and the concentration of the main intermediate species during the HCCI engine combustion are discussed. The results show that the ignition timing of the HCCI engine can be increased by catalysis, and the most sensitive reactions affecting the ignition timing of the HCCI engine are OH and H2O adsorption/desorption.

关键词： Heterogeneous ignition Homogeneous ignition Methane Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) Numerical simulation

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Experimental Study on Impingement and Film Overall Cooling Characteristics of Turbine Shroud

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第1期31卷 239-250页

作者： LI Ziqiang WANG Longfei mao Junkui bi Shuai WANG Feilong College of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

Based on the variable characteristics of the actual operating conditions of the turbine shroud and the purpose of improving the cooling effect of the turbine shroud,this paper builds a test system of the impingement-film cooling shroud with two gas inlet angles(90°,167°).The effects of film cooling hole arrangement,gas inlet angle,blowing ratio(0.7,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0)and temperature ratio(1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6)on the cooling characteristics of the impingement-film cooling shroud were experimentally studied by infrared temperature measurement technology,especially the effects of gas inlet angle and temperature *** results showed that the film covering effect of the film cooling hole vertical or the same direction of the high-temperature gas incoming flow is better than the film covering effect of the reverse direction with the incoming flow,and the optimal arrangement of film cooling holes can improve the cooling effectiveness of the *** with 90°intake gas,the film coverage area on the shroud surface of the 167°intake gas is expanded,and the surface average overall cooling effectiveness is increased by 1.03%to 12.6%.The overall cooling effectiveness of turbine shroud increases with the increase of blowing ratio,which increases the flow rate and pressure of cooling gas,and the corresponding increase rate is between 1.04%and 9.96%.However,the increase in the temperature ratio increases the mainstream heating capacity,resulting in a decrease in the cooling effectiveness of the shroud,with a maximum reduction rate of 11.04%.

关键词： turbine shroud overall cooling effectiveness impingement-film cooling blowing ratio temperature ratio

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放牧对阿尔泰山哈巴河地区草地植物群落稳定性与多样性及其生物量关系的影响

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水土保持研究 2025年第1期32卷 82-91页

作者：曾国燕叶茂李苗苗陈维龙张西新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源实验室

[目的]研究阿尔泰山哈巴河地区草地植物的群落特征以及植物多样性、地上生物量与群落稳定性关系变化，为哈巴河地区制定合理的放牧制度提供数据支撑。[方法]2020—2022年在阿尔泰山哈巴河的夏季牧场选取18个有代表性的固定样地做调查，... 详细信息

[目的]研究阿尔泰山哈巴河地区草地植物的群落特征以及植物多样性、地上生物量与群落稳定性关系变化，为哈巴河地区制定合理的放牧制度提供数据支撑。[方法]2020—2022年在阿尔泰山哈巴河的夏季牧场选取18个有代表性的固定样地做调查，调查样地中物种数量、盖度和高度等，测定样地中的地上生物量、β多样性(Sφrensen β多样性指数和Jaccard β多样性指数)、物种多样性(Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Alatalo均匀度指数)和***群落稳定性，分析放牧前后群落稳定性与植物多样性及其生物量的关系。[结果](1)阿尔泰山哈巴河地区草地群落分布物种30种，隶属14科，以菊科、蔷薇科和禾本科居多；(2)放牧后哈巴河地区草地的多样性指数、盖度、植株高度和地上生物量都有明显的下降趋势；(3)放牧前哈巴河地区草地群落稳定性与Margalef物种丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。放牧后哈巴河地区草地群落稳定性与Simpson优势度指数呈显著正相关(p<0.05);(4)放牧前哈巴河地区草地群落稳定性与地上生物量关系呈显著正相关(p<0.05),放牧后哈巴河地区草地群落稳定性与地上生物量关系不相关。[结论]放牧后草地群落稳定性与多样性、生物量关系发生了明显的变化，放牧对群落稳定性的影响较大，在一定程度上降低了群落的稳定性，但群落总体处于稳定状态。

关键词：哈巴河地区群落稳定性物种多样性生物量

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