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Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in Shanghai： the spatio-temporal variation and source identification

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第1期12卷 63-71页

作者： Chen CHENG chunjuan bi Dongqi WANG Zhongjie YU Zhenlou CHEN School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China Shanghai Environment Monitoring Center Shanghai 200232 China Department of Geology and Planetary Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PAl 5217 USA

This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 μg·L-1 and were correlated with temperature （P 〈 0.05）. Dry deposition of PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.60-92.15 μg·L-1 and were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The annual PAH average fluxes were 0.631 μg·m-2·d-1 and 4.06 μg.m·d-1 for wet and dry deposition, respectively. The highest wet deposition of PAH fluxes was observed in summer, while dry deposition fluxes were higher in winter and spring. Atmospheric PAHs were deposited as dry deposition in spring and winter, yet wet deposition was the dominant pathway during summer. Total atmospheric PAH fluxes were higher in the northern areas than in the southern areas of Shanghai, and were also observed to be higher in winter and spring. Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. In suburban areas, industrial pollution, from sources such as coke oven, incinerator, and oil fired power plant, was as significant as vehicle emissions in contributing to the deposition of PAHs.

关键词： PAHs dry and wet deposition temporal andspatial variation Shanghai

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Distribution, sources, and risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface waters and sediments of rivers in Shanghai, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第2期11卷 283-296页

作者： Xueping WANG Jingchao HAN chunjuan bi Xing HUANG Jinpu JIA Zhenlou CHEN School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China Schoolof Geographic Sciences East Chma Normal University Shanghai 200241 China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China

The distribution, sources, and potential risks of polychlorinated biphenyl （PCB） contamination in the rivers of Shanghai, China were investigated. Fourteen PCB congeners in surface waters and sediments, which were collected from 53 sampling sites, were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer （GC-MS）. The total concentrations of PCBs in the dissolved phase, in particulates, and in sediments ranged from not detected （nd） to 34.8 ng.L^-1, from 0.76 to 39.71 ng.L^-1, and from 1.46 to 46.11 ng.g^-1 （dry weight, dw）, respectively. The corresponding WHO toxic equivalents （TEQs） of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls （dl-PCBs） ranged between nd-1135.63 pg TEQ-L^-1, 0.02-605.94 pg TEQ.L^-1, and 0.05-432.12 pg TEQ-g^-1 dw, respectively. Thepenta-CBs, especially PCB 118 and PCB 105, were the dominant congeners in all samples. Principle Component Analysis （PCA） indicated that the PCBs were mainly influenced by a historical accumulation of commercial PCB products, the burning of house coal, and emissions from municipal solid waste incineration （MSWI） and secondary metallurgy industries. The center of Shanghai was significantly affected by PCB contamination, followed by the industrial parklands and suburban towns, while the farmland of Chongming Island was the least affected area. Adverse biological and health effects would be likely in the central urban areas, industrial parks, and residential towns of Shanghai.

关键词： PCBs river water sediments sources biolo- gical risk

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Variations of mercury distribution in the water column during the course of a tidal cycle in the Yangtze Estuarine intertidal zone,China

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第10期55卷 2224-2232页

作者： bi chunjuan CHEN ZhenLou SHEN Jun SUN WeiWei Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Science of Ministry of Education School of Resources and Environmental ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

Tidally induced resuspension processes play an important role in the release of mercury (Hg) into the water column, which increases the risk of Hg exposure to estuarine eco-systems. In order to further understand the geochemical activities of Hg in the intertidal area, the temporal variations of dissolved Hg (Hg D ) and particulate Hg (Hg P ) in the water column during the course of a tidal cycle and its geochemical processes were studied in the southern intertidal zone of the Yangtze Estuary, China. The concentrations of Hg D and Hg P varied between 37-612 ng/L and 51-638 ng/L respectively during the tidal cycle. The increase of Hg D was distinguished at the early flood tide and late ebb tide when the water flow rates were higher. The Hg D concentrations were negatively correlated with Hg P (r = 0.523, p bined effects of the total suspended substrate (TSS), DOC, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) influenced the geochemical activities of Hg in the water column during the course of a tidal cycle.

关键词： mercury resuspension geochemical behavior tidal cycle the Yangtze Estuary

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Assessment on environmental quality of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Chongming Island, Shanghai City

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2010年第1期20卷 135-147页

作者： SUN Chao bi chunjuan CHEN Zhenlou WANG Dongqi ZHANG Cui SUN Yuedi YU Zhongjie ZHOU Dong School of Resources and Environmental Science East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China

The environmental quality of heavy metals （Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg） in agricultural surface soil of Chongming Island was assessed by national, local and professional standards based on a large scale investigation, in which 28 samples from vegetable plots, 65 samples from paddy fields and 9 samples from watermelon fields were collected from whole island area. Results showed that the average concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg was 21.6 ***^-l,0.176 ***^-1, 69.4 ***^-1, 9.209 ***^-1 and 0.128 ***^-1, respectively. Compared with the background value of Shanghai City soil, except for Pb and Cr, all the other heavy metals average concentrations in Chongming Island agricultural surface soil exceeded their corresponding natural-background values. The concentrations of Cd, As and Hg were 33.0%, 1.2% and 26.3% higher than the background value of Shanghai City, respectively. In addition, inverse distance interpolation （IDW） tool of GIS was also applied to study the spatial variation of heavy metals. The results indicated that most of agricultural soil quality was good, and the ratio of ecological, good soil, certified soil and disqualified soil were 1.26%, 97.1%, 1.47% and 0.12%, respectively. About 10.1%, 85.7%, 27.0%, 55.4% and 55.2% soil samples exceeded the Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg background value of Shanghai City, respectively. Among these three land use type soils, vegetable soil was most seriously polluted by heavy metals, which is probably related to the over-application of pesticides. The annual deposition fluxes of Pb, Cd, As and Hg were 7736μg·m^-2·a^-1, 208μg·m^-2·a^-1, 2238μg·m^-2·a^-1 and 52.8 μg·m^-2·a^-1 respectively. Crop straw burning was the important source of heavy metals of atmospheric deposition, and atmospheric deposition contributed a lot to heavy metals in agricultural soil in Chongming Island.

关键词： agricultural soil heavy metals assessment Chongming Island

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Denitrification in tidal flat sediment, Yangtze estuary

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Science China Chemistry 2007年第6期50卷 812-820页

作者： WANG DongQi1,2, CHEN ZhenLou1, XU ShiYuan1, DA LiangJun1, bi chunjuan1 & WANG Jun1 1 School of Resources and Environment Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China 2 School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China School of Resources and Environment Science East China Normal University Shanghai China School of Life Science East China Normal University Shanghai China

Sediment denitrification rates at six Yangtze River estuary tidal flat locations(mudflats and salt marshes)were measured from July 2003 to October *** winter and summer,spatial distribution of denitrification rates was not great in the Yangtze estuary,while in spring and autumn,denitrification rates had a great spatial distribution because of the human activity *** temporal change of denitrification rates was *** ranged from 0.2 to 36.4 umolN·m^(-2)·h^(-1),and were higher in the *** annual average of sediment denitrification rate was 18.2±12.3 mu molN · m^(-2)· h^(-1)in the middle tidal flat and 15.1 ±9.45 mu molN·m^(-2)·h^(-1)in the low tidal flat in the Yangtze *** analysis indicated that the temperature was the primary factor controlling the process of denitrification(significant positive correlation,Pbition of denitrification because of the wide change range of water salinity.

关键词： Yangtze estuary, tidal flat sediment, denitrification, effect factors

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河岸带土壤对不同pH雨水中截留磷的影响

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环境工程学报 2017年第5期11卷 3233-3238页

作者：刘超毕春娟陈振楼诸葛祥真华东师范大学地理科学学院地理信息科学教育部重点实验室上海200241

通过河岸带土柱淋滤模拟实验,研究了不同pH值模拟雨水条件下河岸带土壤对雨水中磷的截留效应,分析了pH对河岸带土壤吸附磷素的影响机制。结果表明:在不同pH的模拟雨水处理下,河岸带土壤对TDP和MRP的吸附具有显著的差异;且在pH=5条件下... 详细信息

通过河岸带土柱淋滤模拟实验,研究了不同pH值模拟雨水条件下河岸带土壤对雨水中磷的截留效应,分析了pH对河岸带土壤吸附磷素的影响机制。结果表明:在不同pH的模拟雨水处理下,河岸带土壤对TDP和MRP的吸附具有显著的差异;且在pH=5条件下河岸带土壤对磷素的吸附量最低。河岸带土壤对雨水中磷的去除率随着降雨时间的进行而不断下降,pH=5时,河岸带对磷的去除率最低,截留能力最弱。不同pH值的模拟雨水对土柱中TP的含量产生显著影响,pH=5时,土柱中TP含量最高,pH=3时,TP含量最低。土柱中的TP在表层10 cm含量最高,随深度的增加而不断降低。研究河岸带土壤对不同pH雨水中磷的截留效应对于理解磷在河岸带土壤中的迁移转化机理以及防治水体富营养化具有十分重要的意义。

关键词：河岸带磷 pH 截留

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黄浦江上游饮用水源地水及沉积物中汞、砷的分布特征

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环境科学学报 2008年第7期28卷 1455-1462页

作者：张翠陈振楼毕春娟史贵涛华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室上海200062

对黄浦江上游饮用水源地水及沉积物中Hg、As的含量及分布进行了调查研究．结果表明，水中Hg、As的浓度范围分别为0．0407-0．2287μg·L^-1、0．6087-5．2667μg·L^-1，平均值分别为0.1492μg·L^-1、2．7442μg·L^-1；与地表水环境... 详细信息

对黄浦江上游饮用水源地水及沉积物中Hg、As的含量及分布进行了调查研究．结果表明，水中Hg、As的浓度范围分别为0．0407-0．2287μg·L^-1、0．6087-5．2667μg·L^-1，平均值分别为0.1492μg·L^-1、2．7442μg·L^-1；与地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）Ⅲ类水标准相比，83．3％的样点Hg浓度超标，As未出现超标现象．沉积物中Hg、As的含量范围分别为0．0479-0．4169mg·kg^-1、4．84-9．01mg·kg^-1，平均值分别为0．1488mg·kg^-1、6．59mg·kg^-1；57．1％的样点Hg含量超过了上海市土壤背景值，As含量未超标．从空间分布来看，位于工业园区河流的采样点及河流入江口的采样点水体中Hg、As浓度较高．沉积物对Hg、As的浓缩系数分别位于209-2361、1113-11171之间．沉积物中Hg、As的含量均与有机碳含量成显著正相关关系，表明本研究区域沉积物中有机碳是Hg、As含量的主要影响因子．根据Hg、As的分布特征，推断黄浦江上游饮用水源地Hg、As的污染源主要包括工业污染源、农业污染源、生活污水垃圾、上游来水、河流沉积物的二次污染、来往船只污染物的排放等．

关键词：黄浦江饮用水源地水沉积物汞砷

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非生物因子对河蚬重金属富集量的影响

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生态学杂志 2005年第9期24卷 1017-1020页

作者：李丽娜陈振楼许世远毕春娟华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室上海200062

对影响长江口滨岸带河蚬体内重金属富集量的4个主要非生物因子依次进行分析。结果表明,较高温度有助于河蚬对Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni的吸收;盐度对河蚬的重金属累积量影响比较复杂,仅在秋季表现出一定相关性,春季盐度影响不大;河蚬体内Cu含量与... 详细信息

对影响长江口滨岸带河蚬体内重金属富集量的4个主要非生物因子依次进行分析。结果表明,较高温度有助于河蚬对Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni的吸收;盐度对河蚬的重金属累积量影响比较复杂,仅在秋季表现出一定相关性,春季盐度影响不大;河蚬体内Cu含量与沉积物粒径存在显著正相关,Zn与沉积物中有机质含量存在一定正相关,Pb与沉积物中有机质含量存在着负相关;河蚬体内重金属元素两两间的相关性明显,多种元素间的相互作用机理值得进一步探讨。

关键词：长江口重金属河蚬非生物因子

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上海市河网水体中As的分布特征及其生态风险评价

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生态毒理学报 2013年第2期8卷 268-274页

作者：陶征楷毕春娟陈振楼王骏华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院地理信息科学教育部重点实验室上海200241

2012年4月,在上海市河网采集表层水和沉积物样品各53个,测定其As含量,并采用潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物As的污染状况进行了评价。研究结果表明,上海市河网表层水和沉积物中As的含量分别为0.47～8.84μg·L-1和3.72～12.65μg·g-1,其... 详细信息

2012年4月,在上海市河网采集表层水和沉积物样品各53个,测定其As含量,并采用潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物As的污染状况进行了评价。研究结果表明,上海市河网表层水和沉积物中As的含量分别为0.47～8.84μg·L-1和3.72～12.65μg·g-1,其中表层水中As的浓度处于中国地表水环境质量标准Ⅰ类水平,沉积物中As的浓度有15个样点超过了上海市土壤背景值,但均低于欧盟标准推荐值;表层水中As的浓度与pH呈显著正相关,说明pH值影响河水中As的迁移和转化;沉积物中As的浓度与总有机碳含量呈显著性正相关,说明沉积物中的As主要与总有机碳结合在一起;潜在生态风险评价结果显示,上海市河网沉积物中的As属于低生态风险。

关键词：河网表层水沉积物 As 潜在生态风险

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苏州河市郊段底泥中COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N的空间分布特征

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上海环境科学 2000年第7期19卷 305-308页

作者：毕春娟郑祥民陈振楼华东师范大学地理系上海200062

对苏州河截流区外河段(城郊段)东大盈河口—北新泾,按河道形态,支流与城镇分布等因素,沿程采集24个底泥柱样,测定其不同部位不同深度底泥中COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N含量,分析COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N在沿程和垂向上的分布特征及其成因。结果表明,底泥... 详细信息

对苏州河截流区外河段(城郊段)东大盈河口—北新泾,按河道形态,支流与城镇分布等因素,沿程采集24个底泥柱样,测定其不同部位不同深度底泥中COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N含量,分析COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N在沿程和垂向上的分布特征及其成因。结果表明,底泥中污染沿程分布呈不规则波状起伏,东大盈河、蕴藻浜、盐铁塘、封浜、华漕港、新槎浦等支流口,浮泥层中COD_(Cr)含量达2万mg/kg,超过背景值2—3倍,支流口下游200m范围内均较高;黄渡小支流口、华漕港支流口浮泥层中NH_3-H含量达250mg/kg,超过背景值3倍。在垂向分布上,底泥柱样都出现峰值分布,在某些弯道及支流口出现递减分布。底泥耗氧污染程度主要与支流及其排污量有关,其次是弯道凸岸处污染物易于沉积富集。这为苏州河市郊段环境综合治理、底泥疏浚和处置提供了科学依据。

关键词：苏州河市郊段底泥化学耗氧量氨氮空间分布

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