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Intricacies during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 62-64页

作者： Richa Rattan Rimesh pal Parul Chawla Gupta Arvind kumar Morya Ripunjay Prasad Department of Endocrinology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Ophthalmology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012PunjabIndia Department of Ophthalmology All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia Department of Ophthalmology RP Eye InstituteDelhi 110001India

The study by Cao et al aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)development using advanced proteomic techniques,such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-mass *** analysis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins in the GDM group,with retinol-binding protein 4 and angiopoietin-like 8 showing significantly elevated serum levels compared to *** these findings are promising,the study is limited by its small sample size(n=4 per group)and lacks essential details on the reproducibility and reliability of the protein quantification methods ***,the absence of experimental validation weakens the interpretation of the protein-protein interaction network identified through bioinformatics *** study's focus on second-trimester biomarkers raises concerns about whether this is a sufficiently early period to implement preventive interventions for *** GDM risk during the first trimester or pre-conceptional period may offer more clinical *** its limitations,the study presents valuable insights into potential GDM biomarkers,but larger,well-validated studies are needed to establish their predictive utility and generalizability.

关键词： Gestational diabetes mellitus Biomarkers Differentially expressed proteins Retinol-binding protein 4 Angiopoietin-like 8 Proteomics Lifestyle interventions Early prediction

Interaction behavior and load sharing pattern of piled raft using nonlinear regression and LM algorithm-based artificial neural network

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第5期15卷 1181-1198页

作者： Plaban DEB Sujit kumar pal Department of Civil Engineering G H Raisoni College of Engineering&ManagementPune 412207India Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of TechnologyAgartala 799046India

In the recent era,piled raft foundation(PRF)has been considered an emergent technology for offshore and onshore *** previous studies,there is a lack of illustration regarding the load sharing and interaction behavior which are considered the main intents in the present *** element(FE)models are prepared with various design variables in a double-layer soil system,and the load sharing and interaction factors of piled rafts are *** obtained results are then checked statistically with nonlinear multiple regression(NMR)and artificial neural network(ANN)modeling,and some prediction models are *** models are prepared with Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)algorithm for load sharing and interaction factors through backpropagation *** factor of safety(FS)of PRF is also estimated using the proposed NMR and ANN models,which can be used for developing the design strategy of PRF.

关键词： interaction load sharing ratio piled raft nonlinear regression artificial neural network

Role of Microstructural Constituents on Surface Crack Formation During Hot Rolling of Standard and Low Nickel Austenitic Stainless Steels

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第2期26卷 206-216页

作者： Manidipto Mukherjee Tapan kumar pal Welding Technology Centre Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department Jadavpur University

The effect of alloy segregation and delta （δ） ferrite contents on surface cracking of three standard （i.e. AISI 304L, AISI 310S and AISI 321） and two low nickel （i.e. LNi-1 and LNi-0.3） austenitic stainless steels （ASS） during hot roiling was investigated using optical microscopy （OM）, automatic image analyzer, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） and electron probe micro analyzer （EPMA）. It was observed that the amount of 6-ferrite varied among different grades and also distributed heterogeneously across the width of the steel plates. In general, low nickel ASS showed higher amount of 6-ferrite compared to the standard ASS grades. The tendency to surface cracking during hot rolling gradually increased with increasing 6-ferrite content. Interestingly, carbon and nitrogen exerted maximum effect on 6-ferrite formation. The higher carbon and nitrogen content in the steel decreased 6-ferMte content. In addition, the segregation of Cu and Mn plays significant role in low nickel ASS and Ni-Cr in case of standard ASS has profound effect on surface cracking of the steel plates. A possible cause of surface crack formation/origination in steel plates during hot rolling was discussed.

关键词： Austenitic stainless steel Hot rolling Surface cracking Alloy segregation δ ferrite

Machine Learning-based Electric Load Forecasting for Peak Demand Control in Smart Grid

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 4785-4799页

作者： Manish kumar Nitai pal Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(ISM)Dhanbad826004India Department of Nuclear Science&Technology Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityGandhinagarIndia

Increasing energy demands due to factors such as population,globalization,and industrialization has led to increased challenges for existing energy *** ways of energy generation and energy consumption like smart grids and smart homes are implemented to face these challenges with reliable,cheap,and easily available sources of *** integration of renewable energy and other clean distributed generation is increasing continuously to reduce carbon and other air pollutants *** the integration of distributed energy sources and increase in electric demand enhance instability in the ***-term electrical load forecasting reduces the grid fluctuation and enhances the robustness and power quality of the *** load forecasting in advance on the basic historical data modelling plays a crucial role in peak electrical demand control,reinforcement of the grid demand,and generation balancing with cost *** accurate forecasting of electrical data is a very challenging task due to the nonstationary and nonlinearly nature of the *** learning and artificial intelligence have recognized more accurate and reliable load forecastingmethods based on historical load *** purpose of this study is to model the electrical load of Jajpur,Orissa Grid for forecasting of load using regression type machine learning algorithms Gaussian process regression(GPR).The historical electrical data and whether data of Jajpur is taken for modelling and simulation and the data is decided in such a way that the model will be considered to learn the connection among past,current,and future dependent variables,factors,and the relationship among *** on this modelling of data the network will be able to forecast the peak load of the electric grid one day *** study is very helpful in grid stability and peak load control management.

关键词： Artificial intelligence electric load forecasting machine learning peak-load control renewable energy smart grids

Purification and concentration of gluconic acid from an integrated fermentation and membrane process using response surface optimized conditions

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第1期13卷 152-163页

作者： Parimal pal Ramesh kumar Subhamay Banerjee Environment and Membrane Technology Laboratory Chemical Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Durgapur West Bengal 713209 India Department of Chemistry The University of Burdwan West Bengal 713104 India

A response surface method was used to optimize the purification and concentration of gluconic acid from fermentation broth using an integrated membrane system. Gluconobacter oxydans was used for the bioconversion of the glucose in sugarcane juice to gluconic acid (concentration 45 g·L^-1) with a yield of 0.9 g·g^-1. The optimum operating conditions, such as trans-membrane pressure (TMP), pH, cross-flow rate (CFR) and initial gluconic acid concentration, were determined using response surface methodology. Five different types of polyamide nanofiltration membranes were screened and the best performing one was then used for downstream purification of gluconic acid in a flat sheet cross-flow membrane module. Under the optimum conditions (TMP=12 bar and CFR=400 L·h^-1), this membrane retained more than 85% of the unconverted glucose from the fermentation broth and had a gluconic acid permeation rate of 88% with a flux of 161 L·m^-2·h^-1. Using response surface methods to optimize this green nanofiltration process is an effective way of controlling the production of gluconic acid so that an efficient separation with high flux is obtained.

关键词： gluconic acid optimized nanofiltration green processing process intensification

NMR relaxation and diffusion studies to probe the motional dynamics of risperidone within PLGA microsphere

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2023年第2期3卷 197-205,I0005页

作者： Deepak kumar Samanwita pal Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurRajasthan342037.India Central Ayurveda Research Institute Kolkata CCRASBidhannagarKolkata700091India

The present study aims to investigate the motional dynamics of risperidone within polylactic co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microsphere by employing solution state'H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)***,a second-generation fluorinated antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of schizophrenia is commercially marketed as PLGA microsphere formulation resulting in prolonged release of the drug in *** the current trend in the pharmaceutical market is to develop drug formulation with long-acting release(LAR)products,complete physicochemical characterization of such formulations are *** the effects of microsphere encapsulation on the motional properties and diffusion behavior of the drugs are not discussed adequately in any of the earlier *** therefore,have employed NMR relaxation and diffusion measurements to decipher the interaction of PLGA cavity water with risperidone.A detailed analysis of NMR relaxation rates confirmed the event of encapsulation and the presence of local motion in the non-fluorinated end of ***,the relaxation data indicated a significant alteration in 19F chemical shift anisotropy(CSA)and CSA/dipole-dipole(DD)cross-correlated relaxation mechanism and decreased effect of solvent relaxation pointing out reduced water concentration within the microsphere cavity.'H and 19F diffusion coefficients of risperidone led to the information about hydrodynamic radius of risperidone in free and encapsulated *** of hydrodynamic radius supported the presence of limited water in PLGA cavity allowing higher translational mobility of risperidone after the encapsulation.

关键词： Polylactic co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microsphere Motional dynamics 1H and 19F NMR Diffusion Hydrodynamic radius Cross-correlated relaxation

Current paradigms and evolving concepts in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第5期13卷 683-689页

作者： Sumanta kumar pal Oliver Sartor Division of Genitourinary Malignancies Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Los Angeles CA USA Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LA USA

Until recently, docetaxel-based therapy represented the only therapy shown to prolong survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC）. The past year and a half has been marked by unprecedented progress in treatments for this disease. Three positive phase III clinical trials have emerged, each evaluating agents （sipuleuceI-T, cabazitaxel and abiraterone） with distinct mechanisms of action. Herein, the three pivotal trials are described alongside both past and current large phase III studies conducted in this mCRPC. The overall survival for patients with mCRPC treated in current clinical trials is considerably longer than noted in the past. We note that more recent trials with older agents have also shown improved survival and discuss potential non-therapeutic biases that influence this critical measure of outcome. The necessity for utilizing randomized trials when evaluating new therapeutics is emphasized given the changing prognosis in this mCRPC.

关键词： abiraterone bevacizumab cabazitaxel castrate resistant castration resistant docetaxel hormone refractory Jevtana Provenge prostate cancer sipuleuceI-T

Development of a new coated electrode with low nickel content for welding ductile iron and its response to austempering

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第9期25卷 1090-1103页

作者： Tapan Sarkar Ajit kumar Pramanick Tapan kumar pal Akshay kumar Pramanick Welding Technology Centre Jadavpur University Department of Forge Technology NIFFT

Coated Electrodes with small amounts of nickel were developed for welding ductile iron(DI) and conversion of the same into austempered ductile iron(ADI) after austempering. Among six electrodes, Trials 3 and 4 were selected for establishing crack-free weld deposits via preheating and post-weld heat treatment. Austenitization was performed at 900°C for 2 h and austempering at 300 or 350°C for three different holding times to observe the results of austempering with respect to the microstructure, hardness, and austempering kinetics of the samples. The microstructures of the weld deposits showed needle-like bainitic ferrite with small amounts of retained austenite when treated at 300°C and feathery bainitic ferrite with large amounts of retainedaustenite when treated at 350°C. The electrode labeled with Trial 3 revealed greater austenite contents than that labeled with Trial 4 when treated with a 2 h holding time regardless of the austempering temperature applied. The transformation rate of the bainitic ferrite of Trial 3 was relatively higher than that of Trial 4 and showed a lower rate constant, leading to a higher diffusion rate of carbon in austenite.

关键词： electrode development microstructure XRD analysis transformation kinetic microhardness

All-optical adder/subtractor based on terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer

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Chinese Optics Letters 2009年第6期7卷 530-533页

作者： Dilip kumar Gayen Rajat kumar pal Jitendra Nath Roy Department of Computer Science College of Engineering and Management Department of Computer Science and Engineering Calcutta University Department of Physics College of Engineering and ManagementKolaghat KTPP Township

An all-optical adder/subtractor （A/S） unit with the （TOAD） is proposed. The all-optical A/S unit with help of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer a set of all-optical full-adders and optical exclusive- ORs （XORs）, can be used to perform a fast central processor unit using optical hardware components. We try to exploit the advantages of TOAD-based optical switch to design an integrated all-optical circuit which can perform binary addition and subtraction. With computer simulation results confirming the described methods, conclusions are given.

关键词： EDFA XOR All-optical adder/subtractor based on terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer mode