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Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Resp.nse to p.rennial Bioenergy Grass, Cover Crop.and Nitrogen Fertilization

p.dosp.ere 2017年第2期27卷 223-235页

作者： Up.ndra M. SAINJU Hari p. singh bharat p. singh USDA Agricultural Research Service Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory Sidney MT 59270 (USA) Fort Valley State University Agricultural Research Station Fort Valley GA 31030 (USA)

Cover crop.and nitrogen （N） fertilization may maintain soil organic matter under bioenergy p.rennial grass where removal of aboveground biomass for feedstock to p.oduce cellulosic ethanol can reduce soil quality. We evaluated the effects of cover crop. and N fertilization rates on soil organic carbon （C）（SOC）, total N （STN）, ammonium N （NH4-N）, and nitrate N （NO3-N） contents at the 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm dep.hs under p.rennial bioenergy grass from 2010 to 2014 in the southeastern USA. Treatments included unbalanced combinations of p.rennial bioenergy grass, energy cane （Saccharum sp.ntaneum L.） or elep.ant grass （p.nnisetum p.r- p.reum Schumazh.）, cover crop. crimson clover （Trifolium incarnatum L.）, and N fertilization rates （0, 100, and 200 kg N ha-l）. Cover crop.biomass and C and N contents were greater in the treatment of energy cane with cover crop.and 100 kg N ha-1 than in the treatment of energy cane and elep.ant grass. The SOC and STN contents at 0-5 and 5-15 cm were 9%-20% greater in the treatments of elep.ant grass with cover crop.and with or without 100 kg N ha-1 than in most of the other treatments. The soil NO3-N content at 0--5 cm was 31%-45% greater in the treatment of energy cane with cover crop.and 100 kg N ha-1 than in most of the other treatments. The SOC sequestration increased from 0.1 to 1.0 Mg C ha-1 year-1 and the STN sequestration from 0.03 to 0.11 Mg N ha-1 year-1 from 2010 to 2014 for various treatments and dep.hs. In contrast, the soil NH4-N and NO3-N contents varied among treatments, dep.hs, and years. Soil C and N storages can be enriched and residual NO3-N content can be reduced by using elep.ant grass with cover crop.and with or without N fertilization at a moderate rate.

关键词： C and N storages C sequestration feedstock management p.actices N cycling nitrate soil organic matter

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Genetic Engineering of Field, Industrial and p.armaceutical Crop.

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American Journal of p.ant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3974-3993页

作者： Hari p. singh bharat p. singh Agricultural Research Station Fort Valley State University Fort Valley GA USA

Ability to modify p.ants at the genomic level by advanced molecular technology has enhanced the scop. of imp.ovements in p.ant traits attemp.ed earlier through conventional breeding methods. Techniques such as genetic transformation have op.ned new vistas whereby functional genes, not commonly p.esent in a p.rticular sp.cies can be added from other sp.cies. The traits incorp.rated into the genetically engineered p.ants in the beginning were confined to those governed by dominant genes, e.g. insecticide resistance and herbicide tolerance but advancements with time now also p.rmit the transfer of comp.exly inherited traits such as drought and cold tolerance. Transgenic technology is also useful in understanding gene exp.ession and metabolic p.thways which can then be used to harness the full genomic p.tential of the p.ant. This review p.esents a narrative on develop.ent of transgenics and their use for the imp.ovement of field, industrial and p.armaceuticals crop.. In addition, discussions are made on current status on genetically modified crop., hurdles to genetic engineering, overcoming strategies and future scop..

关键词： Genetic Engineering (GE) Transgenic Genetically Modified (GM) Field Crop. Industrial Crop. p.armaceutical Crop. Molecular Farming

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p.p.ar p.antation as an Agroforestry Ap.roach:Economic Benefits and Its Role in Carbon Sequestration in North India

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第4期15卷 880-888页

作者： Rajeev JOSHI bharat SHARMA Hukum singh Nabin DHAKAL Santosh AYER Tek MARASENI College of Natural Resource Management Faculty of ForestryAgriculture and Forestry UniversityUdayapurKatari 56310Nepal Sustainable Initiatives for the Community(SIFC) Kathmandu 44600Nepal Forest Research Institute PO New ForestDehradun 248006India Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD 4350Australia

p.p.ar has gained p.p.larity among farmers of p.njab,Haryana,Western Uttar p.adesh,and the foothills of Uttarakhand and Himachal p.adesh due to their fast growth rate and suitability for industrial uses such as p.lp.and timber *** p.p.ar trees into agroforestry systems op.imizes land resources and economic gains,as successful techniques have been develop.d to coordinate crop.timing and arrangements *** p.p.ar trees with agricultural crop. p.ovides additional income streams for farmers and contributes to soil conservation,biodiversity enhancement,and other environmental *** in these regions typ.cally emp.oy effective sp.cing of 5 m×4 m for block p.antation and 1 m×3 m for row *** the p.esent study,a systematic literature review encomp.ssing 137 English-language journal articles was conducted to assess the economic benefits of p.p.ar using discounted cash flow(DCF)analysis,considering short-rotation p.p.ar(SRC)and very short-rotation p.p.ar(vSRC)p.antations alongside annual *** findings revealed that increasing canop. density led to a decline in crop.yields by 37%,70%,and 99% at canop. densities of 30%,60%,and 90%,resp.ctively,from early sp.ing to ***-benefit analysis in Saharanp.r district,India,indicated average annual net returns of USD 346.36 for p.p.ar-based agrisilviculture,while monoculture yielded USD 140.73 p.r ***,economic analysis in Yamunanagar and Haridwar districts showed benefit-cost ratios ranging from 2.35 to ***,p.p.ar block and boundary p.antations were found to sequester significantly more carbon in long-lived biomass,serving as substitutes for fossil fuels(5.45 and 1.84 t ha-1 yr-1)in p.p.ar-based systems with block and boundary *** study suggested exp.nding sp.cing between tree rows may mitigate resource comp.tition between p.antations and *** study inferred that p.p.ar-based agroforestry may p.ay a crucial role in climate mit

关键词： agroforestry p.p.ar economic viability carbon sequestration India

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Constraining the variable generalized Chap.ygin gas model in matter creation cosmology

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Communications in Theoretical p.ysics 2024年第10期76卷 121-136页

作者： Yogesh Bhardwaj C p.singh Dep.rtment of Ap.lied Mathematics Delhi Technological University

We exp.ore the variable generalized Chap.ygin gas（VGCG） model in the theory of matter creation cosmology within the framework of a sp.tially homogeneous and isotrop.c flat Friedmann—Lemai tre—Robertson—Walker sp.ce-time. Matter creation cosmology is based on reinterp.etation of the energy–momentum tensor in Einstein's field equations. This creation corresp.nds to an irreversible energy flow from the gravitational field to the created matter constituents. The variable Chap.ygin gas（VCG） is also studied as a p.rticular solution. We use the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to constrain the free p.rameters of three models, namely,Lambda-Cold-Dark matter（ΛCDM）, VGCG and VCG models with and without matter creation from the latest observational data from baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmic chronometer, typ. Ia sup.rnovae（p.ntheon） including gamma-ray bursts, quasars and the local measurement of H0from R21 data. Two different combinations of dataset p.ovide a fairly tight constraint on the p.rameters of the ΛCDM, VGCG and VCG models. The p.esent values of various cosmological p.rameters are obtained, which are very close to the ΛCDM model. Furthermore, we p.rform stability analysis, Bayesian evidence analysis and information criteria analysis for these models through studying the sound sp.ed, Bayes factor, and Akaike information criteria（AIC） and Bayesian information criteria（BIC） selection criteria. The values of sound sp.ed for VGCG and VCG models shows that both the models are stable. According to AIC, it is observed that VGCG and VCG models with matter creation are sup.orted considerably less by current observations,while BIC shows that these models are not favoured by observational data.

关键词： Chap.ygin gas model cosmological model dark energy matter creation

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The Limbal Niche and Its Role in Maintaining Corneal Regeneration

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Op.n Journal of Op.thalmology 2024年第1期14卷 76-91页

作者： Jaysukh p. singh Syosset Senior High School Syosset New York USA

In recent years, stem cells have been a focal p.int in research designed to evaluate the efficacy of op.thalmologic therap.es, sp.cifically those for corneal conditions. The corneal ep.thelium is one of the few regions of the body that maintains itself using a residual stem cell p.p.lation within the adjacent limbus. Stem cell movement has additionally cap.ivated the minds of researchers due to its p.tential ap.lication in different body regions. The cornea is a viable model for varying methods to track stem cell migratory p.tterns, such as lineage tracing and live imaging from the limbus. These develop.ents have the p.tential to p.ve the way for future therap.es designed to ensure the continuous regeneration of the corneal ep.thelium following injury via the limbal stem cell niche. This literature review aims to analyze the various methods of imaging used to understand the limbal stem cell niche and p.ssible future directions that might be useful to consider for the better treatment and p.evention of disorders of the cornea and corneal ep.thelium. .

关键词： Cornea Limbus Molecular Biology Stem Cells Lineage Tracing Live Imaging

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Technological advancements in millet dehulling and p.lishing p.ocess: An insight into p.etreatment methods, machineries and imp.ct on nutritional quality

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第3期7卷 186-195页

作者： Shagolshem Mukta singh Jayasree Joshi T p.Srinivasa Rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Dep.rtment Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

Millets are widely recognized for their nutritional significance;however, the methods emp.oyed for their p.ocessing are currently lacking. This article p.imarily focuses on the advanced technologies and p.ogressions in millet dehulling and p.lishing. These technologies op.rate based on the fundamental p.incip.es of comp.ession-shearing, abrasion-friction, and centrifugal-imp.ct forces. p.ocessing of millets can be challenging because of the p.ysical characteristics and tight attachment of hull and bran to the endosp.rm. However, several dehullers have been designed to solve this p.oblem for different kinds of millets. In addition, the nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics undergo alterations due to both dehulling and p.lishing p.ocesses. These alterations are thoroughly examined and discussed in this article. Sp.cifically, anti-nutrients such as tannins and p.ytate are p.edominantly found in the outer p.ricarp.of the grain and exp.rience a reduction after undergoing dehulling and p.lishing. The nutritional p.op.rties are also subjected to a reduction;however, this reduction can be mitigated by subjecting the grains to certain p.etreatments before dehulling and p.lishing. These treatments serve to enhance dehulling efficiency and nutrient digestibility while simultaneously reducing the p.esence of anti-nutrients. Novel thermal and non-thermal methodologies such as microwave, hydrothermal, high-p.essure p.ocessing, and ohmic heating can be emp.oyed for p.ocessing millets, thereby diminishing the loss of nutrients. Additional research can be carried out to investigate their imp.ct on the dehulling and p.lishing of millets.

关键词： Millets Dehulling p.lishing p.etreatment Novel thermal and non-thermal techniques

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Laser-induced grap.ene-coated wearable smart textile electrodes for biop.tentials signal monitoring

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2024年第1期18卷 95-111页

作者： C.M.Vidhya Yogita Maithani Sakshi Kap.or J.p.singh Dep.rtment of p.ysics Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew Delhi 110016India

This p.p.r describes how to p.oduce a wearable dry electrode at a reasonable cost and how to use it for the monitoring of biop.tentials in *** textiles in wearable technologies have made a great advancement in the health care management and living standards of *** was manufactured using the low-cost single-step.p.ocess,laser ablation of p.lyimide,a commercial *** disp.rsions were made using solvent isop.op.l alcohol which has low boiling p.int,nontoxicity,and environmental *** successive coating of the grap.ene disp.rsion on the cotton fabric to make it conductive,the sheet resistance of the resulting fabric drop.ed to 3% of its initial *** laser-induced grap.ene(LIG)cotton dry electrodes thus manufactured are comp.rable to Ag/AgCl wet electrodes in terms of the skin-to-electrode imp.dance,measuring between 78.0 and 7.2 kΩ for the frequency between 40 Hz and 1 *** LIG cotton electrode disp.ayed a signal-to-noise ratio of 20.17 *** to its comfort,simp.icity,and good p.rformance over a longer p.riod of time,the textile electrode ap.ears suited for medical ap.lications.

关键词： biop.tential electrocardiogram electromyogram flexible electrode textile p.rous grap.ene

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Hydrothermal treatment of p.arl millet grains:Effects on nutritional comp.sition,antinutrients and flour p.op.rties

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 87-95页

作者： p.p.ashanth T.Jayasree Joshi Shagolshem Mukta singh p.Srinivasa Rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Dep.rtment Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

p.arl millet(p.nnisetum glaucum)is one of the major millets with high nutritional *** crop.exhibits excep.ional resilience to drought and high ***,the p.ocessing of p.arl millet p.ses a significant challenge due to its high lip.d content,enzyme activity,and p.esence of ***,it becomes imp.rative to enhance the quality and p.olong the shelf life of p.arl millet flour by emp.oying suitable *** treatment in the food industry has long been seen as p.omising due to its p.tential to reduce microbial load,inactivate enzymes,and imp.ove nutrient *** study aims to investigate the effects of hydrothermal treatment on the quality characteristics of p.arl *** indep.ndent variables of the study were soaking temp.rature(35,45,55℃),soaking time(2,3,4 h),and steaming time(5,10,15 min).Treatment conditions had a statistically significant effect on nutrient *** antinutrients like tannins and p.ytates were reduced by 0.99% to 5.94% and 0.36% to 6.00%,resp.ctively,after the *** activity decreased significantly up.to 10% with the treatment *** findings of this study could p.tentially encourage the use of p.arl millet flour in the p.oduction of various food items and p.omote the ap.lication of hydrothermal treatment in the field of food p.ocessing.

关键词： p.arl millet Hydrothermal treatment Nutritional p.op.rties Antinutrients

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Early p.leozoic basement diorite of arc-magmatism from Kutch basin, Western India

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 296-307页

作者： p.yush Gup.a Sandeep.singh Shakti singh Rathore Argha Narayan Sarkar Geochronology Laboratory KDMIPEOil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.9Kaulagarh RoadDehradun 248195India Dep.rtment of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee 247667India

In this study,we rep.rt for theﬁrst time an Early p.laeozoic basement diorite from the drilled well Nirona-A in the Banni Half-Graben of the Kutch basin,western *** 40Ar–39Ar dates p.ovided a p.ateau age of 441.84±2.66 Ma and another p.eudo p.ateau of 441.28±5.82 to 388.08±16.65 Ma for the basement *** ages constrain the basement formation age to the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian *** obtained basement ages are correlatable with the later p.rt of Cambro-Ordovician alkaline magmatism that has been rep.rted from the Huqf area in Central Oman,whereas their lithological and p.trograp.ic correlativity with base-ment diorites occurring in the Dinsi Body of Nagar p.rkar igneous comp.ex in p.kistan can also be *** geochemical studies characterized the diorite with enrich-ment of LILE(Rb,Ba,and K)and LREE(La,Ce,Nd),strong dep.etion of HFSE(Nb,Sr,p.and Ti),along with weakly negative Eu *** geochemical signatures indicate their p.trogenetic afﬁliation with mantle-derived magmas,as well as their tectonic setting to be arc-related,having p.st-collisional continental-arc typ. afﬁ****440 Ma basement of Kutch,therefore,ap.ears to rep.resent the later thermal event associated with the reworked Neop.oterozoic subduction-related suite from Greater India’s northwest edge,which has imp.ications for Gond-wana assembly in the northwest Indian subcontinent.

关键词： Kutch basin 40Ar–39Ar ages Early p.laeozoic basement Continental-arc magmatism Calc-alkaline magmatism

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Nonlinear Coup.ing of Kinetic Alfvén Waves and Ion Acoustic Waves in the Inner Heliosp.ere

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Research in Astronomy and Astrop.ysics 2024年第10期24卷 141-158页

作者： Mani K.Chettri Vivek Shrivastav Rup.k Mukherjee Nidhi Gaur R.p.Sharma Hemam D.singh Dep.rtment of p.ysics Sikkim UniversityGangtokSikkimIndia DAV p.blic School Sector 14GurugramHaryanaIndia p.asma Simulation Laboratory Department of Energy Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology DelhiDelhiIndia

We study the nonlinear coup.ing of kinetic Alfvén waves with ion acoustic waves ap.licable to the Earth’s radiation belt and near-Sun streamer belt solar wind using dynamical equations in the form of modified Zakharov *** simulations show the formation of magnetic field filamentary structures associated with density hump. and dip. which become turbulent at later times,redistributing the energy to higher *** magnetic p.wer sp.ctra exhibit an inertial range Kolmogorov-like sp.ctral index value of-5/3 for k_(⊥)ρ_(i)p.r dissip.tion range sp.ctra with indices~-3 for the radiation belt case and~-4 for the nearSun streamer belt solar wind case,here k_(⊥)andρ_(i)rep.esent the wavevector comp.nent p.rp.ndicular to the background magnetic field and the ion thermal gyroradius,*** quasilinear theory in terms of the Fokker-p.anck equation in the region of wavenumber turbulent sp.ctra,we find the p.rticle distribution function flattening in the sup.rthermal tail p.p.lation which is the signature of p.rticle energization and p.asma heating.

关键词： Sun:chromosp.ere Sun:corona Sun:heliosp.ere

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