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Post-fire regeneration dynamics in whitebark pine(Pinus albicaulis) forests in Wind River and Absaroka Mountains,Wyoming, USA

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第3期26卷 719-733页

作者： Jennifer G.Klutsch betsy A.Goodrich William R.Jacobi Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University Ft. CollinsCO 80523-1177 USA Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta 442 Earth Science BuildingEdmonton AB T6G 2E3 Canada School of Forestry Northern Arizona University PO Box 15018 Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA

Whitebark pine （Pinus albicaulis） populations are in decline across the species＇ range due to historic wildfire exclusion, mountain pine beetle （Dendroctonus ponderosae, MPB） outbreaks, and an invasive fungal pathogen causing the disease white pine blister rust （Cronartium ribicola, WPBR）. Despite reliance on stand- replacing fires, information on whitebark pine regeneration occurrence is limited and the trajectory of future forests is largely unknown in some areas of the range. Regeneration densities were assessed in burned and adjacent non-burned areas at six high elevation locations in northwest Wyoming where stand-replacing fires occurred 8-32 years before thesurveys. In these locations at the eastern extent of the species range, we assessed what site factors were associ- ated with regeneration success. Whitebark pine regen- eration density was greater and seedlings were older in non-burned compared to burned areas. Within burns, north aspects had more regeneration than south aspects. Potential seed source densities and other species＇ regeneration were positively related to whitebark p^ne regeneration densities in burned areas. South facing slopes or grass covered areas may have either delayed or no regeneration of whitebark pine without the help of artificial planting.

关键词： Recruitment Age structure White pineblister rust - Mountain pine beetle Restoration

Pandemic COVID-19:Current status and challenges of antiviral therapies

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Genes & Diseases 2020年第4期7卷 502-519页

作者： Winglam Chan betsy He Xiong Wang Ming-Liang He Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNYUSA CityU Shenzhen Research Institute NanshanShenzhenChina

The pandemic COVID-19,caused by a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection,has infected over 12 million individuals and caused more than 55,200 death ***,there is no specific drug to treating this *** we summarized the mechanisms of antiviral therapies and the clinic findings from different *** chemotherapies have been conducted by in multiple cohorts in different *** FDA has fast approved remdesivir for treating COVID-19,it only speeds up recovery from COVID-19 with mildly reduced *** chloroquine was suggested a potential drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its in vitro antiviral effects,it is imperative high-quality data from worldwide clinical trials are necessitated for an approved *** terms of hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)therapy,although WHO has stopped all the clinic trials due to its strong side-effects in COVID patients,large scale clinical trials with a long-term outcome follow-up may warrant HCQ and azithromycin combination in combating the *** plasma(CP)therapy suggested its safety use in SARS-CoV-2 infection;but both CP immunotherapy and NK cellular therapy must be manufactured and utilized according to scrupulous ethical and controlled conditions to guarantee a possible role of these products of human *** research should be conducted to define the exact mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis,suitable animal models or ex vivo human lung tissues aid in studying replication,transmission and spread of the novel viruses,thereby facilitating highly effective therapies.

关键词： Chloroquine Convalescent plasma therapy COVID-19 Hydroxychloroquine Ivermectin Natural killer cell therapy Remdesivir SARS-CoV-2

Design of a Novel Exoskeleton with Passive Magnetic Spring Self-locking and Spine Lateral Balancing

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 236-255页

作者： Jhon F.Rodríguez-León betsy D.M.Chaparro-Rico Daniele Cafolla Francesco Lago Eduardo Castillo-Castañeda Giuseppe Carbone Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada Unidad Querétaro MecatronicaInstituto Politécnico NacionalCerro Blanco 14176090 Colinas del CimatarioQuerétaroMexico Department of Mechanical Energy and Management EngineeringUniversity of CalabriaVia P.Bucci Cubo 46 C87036 RendeItaly Faculty of Science and Engineering Department of Computer ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK CESTER University of Cluj-NapocaCluj-NapocaRomania

This paper proposes a new upper-limb exoskeleton to reduce worker physical *** proposed design is based on a novel PRRRP(P-Prismatic;R-Revolute)kinematic chain with 5 passive Degrees of Freedom(DoF).Utilizing a magnetic spring,the proposed mechanism includes a specially designed locking mechanism that maintains any desired task *** proposed exoskeleton incorporates a balancing mechanism to alleviate discomfort and spinal torsional effects also helping in limb weight *** paper reports specific models and simulations to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed *** experimental characterization is performed to validate the performance of the mechanism in terms of forces and physical strain during a specific application consisting of ceiling-surface drilling *** obtained results preliminarily validate the engineering feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed exoskeleton in the intended operation task thereby requiring the user to exert significantly less force than when not wearing it.

关键词： Assistive mechanism Exoskeleton Locking mechanism Bionic robot

What Makes Apple Golden

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国际经济合作 2008年第3期 1-1页

作者： betsy Morrish

The mass market is supposed to bedead, but you would never know it from Apple. In February the iTunes Store be-came the second-largest music retailer inthe U.S., right behind Wal-Mart. The i-Pod is to music players wh... 详细信息

关键词：苹果公司音乐软件音乐手机市场开拓美国

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Pumpkins Abound

小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2021年第10期 16-19页

作者： betsy Blake Susan Miller(图) 不详

Pumpkins on the back porch,A pumpkin at the *** on the countertop,The table,and the floor.A pumpkin on the garden gate And two under the tree.A pumpkin in the window And a pumpkin on me!

关键词： pump floor Pump

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婴幼儿视力发育的前瞻性队列研究

中华眼科杂志 2023年第8期59卷 627-635页

作者：曹奕雯李晓清边旸贾淑娟李明 betsy Lozoff 北京大学第一医院小儿眼科北京大学儿童视觉中心北京100034 北京大学第一医院儿科北京100034 河北省三河市妇幼保健院三河065200 美国密歇根大学安娜堡分校儿科学系美国密歇根大学安娜堡分校环境健康科学系美国安娜堡48109

目的分析婴幼儿早期视力成长发育的趋势和特点。方法前瞻性队列研究。连续纳入2008年至2013年于河北省三河市妇幼保健院出生的足月儿,在生后42 d、9月龄、18月龄3个时间点使用Teller Acuity CardⅡ(TACⅡ)条栅视力卡进行选择性观看视力... 详细信息

目的分析婴幼儿早期视力成长发育的趋势和特点。方法前瞻性队列研究。连续纳入2008年至2013年于河北省三河市妇幼保健院出生的足月儿,在生后42 d、9月龄、18月龄3个时间点使用Teller Acuity CardⅡ(TACⅡ)条栅视力卡进行选择性观看视力检查,得到其条栅视力;3岁时采用Lea Symbols图形视力表进行视力检查并将结果转换为条栅视力。受试儿童在42 d、9月龄、18月龄3个时间点均检查双眼视力,对9和18月龄儿童增加单眼视力检查,3岁儿童检查单眼视力。记录不同时间点各项视力及各时间段内视力变化值,分析受试儿童的视力发育情况,并与以往文献结果进行比较。结果共纳入1496名儿童,其中男性773名(51.67%),女性723名(48.33%)。受试儿童在42 d、9月龄和18月龄时双眼视力分别为0.9(0.6,1.1)、6.4(6.4,9.6)和9.6(9.6,9.6)周/度(cpd),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。9月龄时视力≥6.5 cpd者占68.7%(633/921),18月龄时则为92.7%(342/369)。9至18月龄期间单眼视力增长了(0.26±0.46)倍,18月龄至3岁期间则增长了(1.36±0.52)倍。9月龄时,1279名完成了双眼视力检查的儿童中有72.01%(921名)完成了单眼视力检查,18月龄这一比例降至35.83%(369/1030)。儿童视力随年龄提高(P<0.001)。本研究各年龄儿童的视力均高于文献中广州儿童的视力(P<0.001)。结论3岁以内的健康婴幼儿的视力水平随年龄提高,9月龄之前视力发育迅速,之后变得平缓,至18月龄又开始持续快速增长。

关键词：视敏度视力测定法视力试验婴儿队列研究

Prevalence and Individual-Level Determinants of Uptake of Three or More Doses of Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy in Busia County, Kenya

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 405-418页

作者： Anne Nduta Miatu betsy Rono Cheriro Kamija Samuel Phiri School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya School of Global and Public Health Kamuzu University of Health Sciences Blantyre Malawi

Background: Malaria in pregnancy causes maternal anemia, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm deliveries. In malaria-endemic regions in Kenya, percentage of pregnant women hospitalized with malaria reach up to 60%. WHO recommends at least three doses of sulphadoxine pyrimethamine for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy (IPTp) antenatally. This study sought to ascertain the prevalence and individual-level factors influencing the uptake of IPTp-SP3+. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study at Busia County Referral Hospital. 384 mothers were consecutively sampled at the maternity unit during delivery. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR were used to determine statistical significance of individual factors influencing uptake of three or more IPTp-SP. Results: 43.0% of participants took IPTp-SP3+. Individual factors that affected the uptake of IPTp-SP3+ included starting ANC visits in the first trimester (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.23 – 3.67, p = 0.046), having more than four ANC visits (aOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.49 – 6.50, p = 0.002), having a higher monthly income (aOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.24 – 5.36, p = 0.012), being aware of the advantages of IPTp-SP medications (aOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.40 – 9.74, p = 0.008), and having a positive attitude toward ANC services (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.61 – 6.31, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Less than half of the pregnant mothers are complyingIPTp-SP3+. There should be aggressive efforts by the County and National Ministries of Health promoting initiation of ANC attendance early and attendance of all the recommended eight visits together with ensuring availability of the drugs.

关键词： Malaria in Pregnancy Antenatal Clinic Intermittent Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy Dosage Uptake Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine and Individual Level Factors

Water quality impacts of small-scale hydromodification in an urban stream in Connecticut, USA

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 106-115页

作者： Bin Zhu Daniel S.Smith Anthony P.Benaquista Dylan M.Rossi betsy M.Kadapuram Man Lok Yu Andrew S.Partlow Nathan R.Burtch Department of Biology University of Hartford200 Bloomfield AvenueWest HartfordCT 06117USA College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University1 James Cook DriveTownsvilleQLD 4811Australia Department of Geography and Environmental Planning Towson University8000 York RoadTowsonMD 21252USA

Introduction:Construction activities in and along urban streams increase the sediment input into surface waters,causing an overall decline in water quality and aquatic *** this case study,we investigate the water quality impacts of local hydromodification in an urban stream(discharge 0.4 m^(3)/s).At the site of interest,workers removed a stream crossing consisting of an embankment with culverts and replaced it with a small bridge(single span of 25 m)in an effort to improve flow ***:Water samples were taken at four sites along the North Branch Park River in Connecticut,Northeastern United *** and dissolved oxygen(DO)were measured in situ,and nitrate and total phosphorus(TP)were measured in the *** macroinvertebrate samples were also collected and analyzed for taxon richness and Shannon-Weaver species *** were compared between upstream and downstream sites and before,during,and after *** used one-way ANOVA combined with the post hoc Turkey test to derive statistical ***:During construction,turbidity increased temporarily by 60.9%[from 2.48 Nephelometric Turbidity Units(NTU)over ambient to 4.00 NTU].Once construction was completed,DO increased locally from 11.0 to 13.0 mg/*** macroinvertebrate taxon richness and species diversity declined by 61.6 and 32.6%respectively,with no recovery observed in the year following *** quality was only affected within 50 m *** and TP concentrations were ***:Small-scale hydromodification temporarily increased the turbidity as a result of increased sediment input,approaching the maximum level for clean water(5 NTU).Benthic macroinvertebrate communities declined in the immediate downstream vicinity of construction but are expected to recover soon given that turbidity recovered to pre-construction levels,and DO *** outcomes emphasize that environmental assessment is important not

关键词： Urban streams Pollution Hydrologic services Water quality Benthic macroinvertebrates North Branch Park River

Prevalence of Microvascular Complications and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 444-458页

作者： Rachael Ireri Gideon Kikuvi Susan Mambo betsy C. Rono Cheriro Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Department of Clinical Medicine Kenya Medical Training College Nairobi Kenya

Microvascular complications are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). More than 50% of Nyeri County Referral Hospital (NCRH) admissions result from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and over 55% of hospital deaths are attributable to NCDs. In Kenya, Nyeri County has the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to other counties. This study therefore sought to assess the prevalence of microvascular complications and the associated risk factors among patients attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital in Kenya. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 314 DM patients on follow-up at NCRH from August 2022 to October 2022. Data were analyzed using STATA version 17. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses are used to determine the risk factors associated with Microvascular complications of DM. Among the 314 participants with DM, 58% were females. The overall prevalence of Microvascular complications (MVCs) is 36.62%. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was the most frequent complication (27.4%). Inadequate physical exercise was a risk factor for all MVCs. Age, marital status, and level of education were risk factors for neuropathy while smoking and alcohol intake were risk factors for nephropathy. Non-smokers were 98% less likely to have nephropathy (OR = 0.024;95% CI 0.003 - 0.145). The odds of those who exercise once weekly getting retinopathic complications reduced by 83% (OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.049 - 0.398) compared to those who exercise daily. The findings highlight the implication of lifestyle factors in the development of MVCs among DM patients. Therefore, benefits of microvascular complications prevention should thus be factored into the management of patients with diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Microvascular Complications Risk Factors Retinopathy Neuropathy Nephropathy