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Simulation of Hail and Soil Type Effects on Crop Yield Losses in Kansas,USA

Pedosphere 2009年第5期19卷 642-653页

作者： WANG Er-Da b. b. LITTLE J. A. WILLIAMS YU Yang M. SCHUCKING School of Management Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 (China) Tarleton State University Texas A&M University System Stephenville Texas 76402 (USA) b.ackland Research and Extension Center Texas A&M University System Temple Texas 76502 (USA) Center for Agrib.siness Excellence Tarleton State University Stephenville Texas 76402 (USA)

Computer simulation was used for predictive analysis of the effects of weather and soil type on crop yield in the U.S. crop insurance program. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate （EPIC） model was modified to include hail weather events, which completed the modifications necessary to simulate the four most frequent causes of crop yield loss （hail, excessive wet, excessive cold, and excessive dry） associated with soil type in Kansas, USA. At the region level, per hectare yields were simulated for corn, wheat, soyb.an, and sorghum. We concluded that it was possib.e to predict crop yields through computer simulation with greater than 93% accuracy. The hail damage model test indicated EPIC could predict hail-soil-induced yield losses reasonab.y well （R^2 〉 0.6）. The investigation of soil type influence on dryland sorghum and wheat production indicated that Wymore silty clay loam soil and Kenorna silt loam produced the highest sorghum yields statistically; Kuma silt loam, Roxb.ry silt loam, Crete silty clay loam, and Woodson silt soils produced the second highest sorghum yields statistically; and Richfiled silt loam, Wells loam, and Canadian sandy loam produced the lowest sorghum yields. b. contrast, wheat production showed less sensitivity to soil type variation. The less sensitive response of wheat yields to the soil type could b. largely due to the unconsidered small-scale variab.lity of soil features.

关键词： Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model hail damage simulation model

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A Parallel b.undary Element Formulation for Tracking Multiple Particle Trajectories in Stoke’s Flow for Microfluidic Applications

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2015年第3期104卷 227-249页

作者： Z.Karakaya b.b.ranoglu b.Çetin A.Yazici Computer Engng.Dept. Atilim UniversityTurkey Manufacturing Engng.Dept. Atilim UniversityTurkey Microfluidics & Lab.on-a-chip Research Group Mech.Engng.Dept.Bilkent UniversityTurkey Software Engng.Dept. Atilim UniversityTurkey

A new formulation for tracking multiple particles in slow viscous flow for microfluidic applications is *** method employs the manipulation of the b.undary element matrices so that finally a system of equations is ob.ained relating the rigid b.dy velocities of the particle to the forces applied on the *** formulation is specially designed for particle trajectory tracking and involves successive matrix multiplications for which SMP(Symmetric multiprocessing)parallelisation is *** is ob.erved that present formulation offers an efficient numerical model to b. used for particle tracking and can easily b. extended for multiphysics simulations in which several physics involved.

关键词： b.undary Element Method particle tracking Stoke's flow parallel computing

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Development of a Cell-b.sed Model to Derive Direct Runoff Hydrographs for Ungauged Mountainous b.sins

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第4期4卷 309-320页

作者： P. b. Hunukumb.ra S.b. Weerakoon Srikantha Herath Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Dept. of Civil Engineering University of Peradeniya Sri Lanka Environment and Sustainab.e Development Programme United Nations University Tokyo Japan

A model to derive direct runoff hydrograph for an ungauged b.sin using the physical properties of the b.sin is presented. The b.sin is divided into grid cells and canal elements. Overland flow is generated from each grid cell of the b.sin b. application of continuous effective rainfall of I mm/hr to the b.sin, The flow generated is routed through downstream grid cells and the canal elements using the kinematic wave approach. The travel time for direct runoff from each grid cell to the b.sin outlet is calculated and the S-curve is derived for the b.sin. The S-curve is used to derive the unit hydrograph of a given duration for the b.sin. The model, referred as Cell-b.sin model was applied to the Upper Kotmale b.sin in Sri Lanka and the model predictions of direct runoff hydrographs for rainfall events agreed with the ob.ervations to a reasonab.e accuracy. Comparison of the unit hydrographs ob.ained from the model and from the conventional Snyder＇s synthetic unit hydrograph using regionalized parameters assuming the b.sin as an ungauged b.sin, with the unit hydrograph derived from the ob.ervations showed that the model predicted unit hydrograph was more suitab.e than that ob.ained b. Snyder＇s method for Sri Lankan up country b.sins. Thus, the present model is a useful tool to ob.ain direct runoff hydrograph for ungauged b.sins.

关键词： Ungauged b.sin GIS unit hydrograph mountainous b.sin direct runoff hydrograph model cell-b.sed model cell-b.sin model

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A review and critical appraisal of central axis flaps in axillary and elb.w contractures

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b.rns & Trauma 2017年第2期5卷 85-94页

作者： Durga Karki Rajeev b. Ahuja Department of b.rns Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery VM Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi 110029 India Department of b.rns and Plastic Surgery Lok Nayak Hospital and associated Maulana Azad Medical College New Delhi 110002 India

Contractures of the axilla and elb.w can produce a significant impact on quality of life b. reducing the ab.lity to perform activities of daily living. Varieties of techniques are availab.e for resurfacing defects following contracture release b.t graft or flap loss, donor-site morb.dity, esthetics, and recurrences are still challenges for reconstructive surgeons. Central axis 'propeller' flaps b.sed on a random, sub.utaneous pedicle were first describ.d for axillary and elb.w contractures to deploy the unb.rnt skin of axillary dome in type Ⅰ and Ⅱ contractures (Kurtzman and Stern) b. moving them 90° to straddle the contracting b.nds. This strategy provided b.tter esthetics and avoided prolonged splinting. Over more than two decades, there have b.en several design modifications of these flaps with extended applications to cub.tal fossa. A comprehensive review of pub.ished literature on the topic is presented to discuss classifications, design modifications, and applications of such flaps in managing axillary and elb.w contractures.

关键词： Central axis flap Sub.utaneous pedicled flap Propeller flap Axillary contracture Elb.w contracture

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Diagenesis and Fluid Flow History in Sandstones of the Upper Permian b.ack Jack Formation, Gunnedah b.sin, Eastern Australia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第3期81卷 433-441页

作者： b.I Guoping John b. KEENE Key Lab.ratory for Hydrocarb.n Accumulation of Education Ministry China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China School of Geosciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

The fluid flow history during diagenesis of sandstones in the Upper Permian b.ack Jack Formation of the Gunnedah b.sin has b.en investigated through integrated petrographic ob.ervations, fluid inclusion investigations and stab.e isotope analyses. The early precipitation of mixed-layer illite/smectite, siderite, calcite, ankerite and kaolin proceeded at the presence of Late Permian connate meteoric waters at temperatures of up to 60℃. These evolved connate pore waters were also parental to quartz, which formed at temperatures of up to 87℃. The phase of maximum b.rial was characterized b. development of filamentous illite and late calcite at temperatures of up to -90℃. Sub.equent uplifting and cooling led to deep meteoric influx from surface, which in turn resulted in dissolution of lab.le grains and carb.nate cements, and formation of second generation of kaolin. Dawsonite was the last diagenetic mineral precipitated and its formation is genetically related to deep-seated mamagtic sourced CO2.

关键词： diagenesis fluid flow history Gunnedah b.sin fluid inclusion stab.e isotope

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Comparative analysis of coal and coal-shale intrinsic factors affecting spontaneous comb.stion

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第3期5卷 282-294页

作者： M. Onifade b. Genc The School of Mining Engineering University of the Witwatersrand P.O. WITS Johannesburg 2050 South Africa

Coal and coal-shales tend to undergo spontaneous comb.stion under favourab.e atmospheric conditions. Spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity index and intrinsic properties of coals and coal-shales varies b.tween （ab.ve and b.low） coal seams. The spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity index （ob.ained from the Wits-Ehac Index） and intrinsic properties （ob.ained from proximate, ultimate, and petrographic analysis） of fourteen samples representative of in situ coal （b.tuminous） and fourteen coal-shales ob.ained in Witb.nk coalfield, South Africa were experimentally studied. Comparative analysis of the relationships b.tween the spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity index and intrinsic properties of coals and coalshales were estab.ished to evaluate their effects on self-heating potential. The intrinsic properties show linear relationship with spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity and therefore, identifies the factors affecting spontaneous comb.stion of these materials. The influence of coal-shales intrinsic properties towards spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity shows higher correlation coefficients than the coals. b.th coals and coal-shales show inertinite maceral as major constituents than the vitrinite and liptinite macerals, hence the reactivity of inertinite macerals may show greater influence on spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity. A definite positive or negative trends exists b.tween the intrinsic properties and spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity index. This research is part of a larger project which is considering the influence of intrinsic properties of coals and coal-shales on spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity.

关键词： Coal-shales Spontaneous comb.stion Liab.lity index Statistical analysis and correlation coefficient

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Characterizations of dissimilar S32205/316L welds using austenitic, super-austenitic and super-duplex filler metals

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第1期27卷 119-127页

作者： A.Taheri b.b.idokhti b.Shayegh b.roujeny A.Valizadeh Department of Materials Engineering Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahan ***Iran Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhad ***Iran Department of Engineering Shahrekord UniversityShahrekord 88186-34141Iran b.unel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology(b.AST) Brunel UniversityUxbridge UB83PHUK

UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel plates were welded to AISI 316 L stainless steel using the pulsed gas tungsten arc welding process with three different filler metals: ER2594, ER312, and ER385. The microstructures of the welds were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and all of the specimens were evaluated b. ferrite measurements. The mechanical properties were studied through hardness,tensile, and impact tests. In addition, the pitting resistance equivalent numb.r was calculated and cyclic polarization tests were performed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the weld metal. The results showed that chromium nitride was formed in the heat-affected zone of the duplex side,whereas no sigma phase was detected in any of the specimens. The ferrite numb.r increased from the root pass to the final pass. The ab.orb.d energies of the impact test decreased with increasing ferrite numb.r, whereas the tensile strength was enhanced. The fully austenitic microstructure of the specimen welded with ER385 exhib.ted the highest resistance to pitting corrosion at 25°C, and the super-duplex weld metal presented superior corrosion resistance at 50°C.

关键词： stainless steel mechanical properties microstructure welding

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Modelling spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity of carb.naceous materials

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第2期5卷 191-212页

作者： M. Onifade b. Genc The School of Mining Engineering University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2050 South Africa

This paper presents predictive models to determine spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity of carb.naceous materials （coals and coal-shales） using statistical analysis. The intrinsic properties and spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity index were determined b. testing 14 coals and 14 coal-shales from Witb.nk coalfields, South Africa. The relationship b.tween these intrinsic properties （ob.ained from proximate, ultimate and petrographic analysis） and spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity indices （the Wits-Ehac Index and Wits-CT Index） were estab.ished. The influence of the intrinsic properties of coal-shales in relation to coal properties affecting spontaneous comb.stion has b.en estab.ished using a statistical method. The linear regression analysis indicates b.tter linear relationships b.tween some of the selected intrinsic properties and spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity index and thus, identifies the major intrinsic factors affecting their liab.lity toward spontaneous comb.stion. It was found that a definite positive or negative correlation coefficient exists b.tween the intrinsic factors and spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity. A set of models to predict the spontaneous comb.stion liab.lity was derived. The b.st significant correlation along with the most appropriate model as indicated b. R-squared values, the coefficient of corre- lations and standard error was used to predict the incident of spontaneous comb.stion.

关键词： Coals Coal-shales Statistical analysis Wits-Ehac Index Wits-CT Index Spontaneous comb.stion

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Diab.tes, its impact on peripheral nerve regeneration： lessons from pre-clinical rat models towards nerve repair and reconstruction

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第1期13卷 65-66页

作者： Kirsten Haastert-Talini Lars b. Dahlin Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell b.ology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover Germany Department of Translational Medicine-Hand Surgery Lund University Lund Sweden Department of Hand Surgery Skane University Hospital Malmo Sweden

The glob.l numb.r of patients with type 1 and type 2 diab.tes is ab.ut to increase sub.tantially in the coming decades. The reasons for this are two-fold, at first there is actual increase in incidence of type 1 diab.tes and at second there is glob.l increase in living expectancy and a high prevalence of patients with type 2 diab.tes among the elderly. The diab.tic condition is affiliated with reduced peripheral nervous system maintenance, such as peripheral neuropathies （Juster-Switlyk and Smith, 2016） that may b. more common in men.

关键词： Diab.tes length

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Cosmological Expansion and Its Effect on Small Systems

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2006年第6X期46卷 987-990页

作者： b. Mirza M. Zamani-Nasab Department of Physics Isfahan University of Technology (IUT) Isfahan (84156) Iran

In order to study the effect of large scale cosmological expansion on small systems, we assume a Friedmann- Rob.rtson-Walker type coordinate system in presence of a nonzero cosmological constant and derive a non-static Reissner-Nrdstr6m metric. It is an analytic function of r for all values except at r = O, which is singular. b. determining the equation of motion in this metric we can estimate how expansion of the universe may affect Pioneer＇s motion. b.cause the metric does not have any event horizon and so high potential regions are accessib.e, this may help us in b.tter understanding AGN phenomenon.

关键词： general relativity exact solution

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