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Physicochemical Analysis of Locally Made Yoghurt (Kossam) Commercialised in the City of Douala-Cameroon

Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2024年第3期14卷 49-60页

作者： Sidoine Sadjeu Tchakouteu Kang Costly Eha-Kang François Siewe Humphrey Ngole Jordan Wabo Blandine Penn Sandra Fokam Thelma Njuikui Yimeli Rodiah Fresnell Tcheuffa bertin sone enone Department of Biomedical and Technical Science Higher Institute of Applied Sciences/University Institute of the Gulf of Guinea of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Pharmaco-Chemistry and Natural Substances Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Yogurt is a traditional dairy product well known in all the regions of the world. In Cameroon, the most popularly known type is “kossam” also called curdled milk. Kossam is a set of milk based beverage from northern Cameroon presenting great symbolic, economic and social values for local population [1]. 150 Kossam samples were collected from neighborhoods of PK8, Bonamoussadi, Nyalla, cite des palmier, Deido and Bedi community and later on reconstituted into 50 different samples of 350 mL, each containing 1/3 of 3 individual samples. They were analyzed for their physiochemical properties such as: PH, titratable acidity, density, brix and dry matter using most at times the standard Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods with slight modifications and results compared to a licensed brand sold in the Cameroonian market. The results of the study showed that, the physico-chemical properties of the locally made yogurts were different within the different samples. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in the levels of the parameters analyzed in the different yogurt samples (p −1 Kg/L), Brix (8˚ - 24˚B), Dornic (23˚ - 160˚D). others contents per 100 g fresh matter are as follows: dry matter (average mean of 16.54%). Hence, the significant variations in the physico-chemical properties of kossam are a call for concern since as it impacts on the health of the population consuming this product.

关键词： Kossam Physicochemical Analysis Brix Titratable Acidity

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Evaluation of Subacute Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Extracts Combinations from Gnetum africanum (Welv.) and Gnetum buchholzianum (Engl.) (Genetaceae) Leaves: Two Botanical with Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Potential

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第6期12卷 944-963页

作者： bertin sone enone Jean-Pierre Ngene Angèle Foyet Fondjo Charles Christian Ngoule Loé Gisèle Etame Loick Pradel Kojom Foko Christophe Manz Koule François Siewe Ronald Bidingha Goufani Josiane Etang Albert Mouelle sone Laboratory of Microbiology Immunology-Hematology and Morphological Sciences Doctoral Training Unit of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Douala University Douala Cameroon Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Douala University Douala Cameroon Department of Medical Health Sciences Golf of Guinea University Institute (IUG) Douala Cameroon Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Technology and Biomedical Sciences Golf of Guinea University Institut (IUG) Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Animal Physiology Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

This study was conducted to assess the toxic effect of hydroethanolic extract combinations of Gnetum africanum Welv. leaves and Gnetum buchholzianum Engl. (Gnetaceae) in experimental rats to test the validity of the treatment of liver disorders related to oxidative stress. The Combinations (m/m) 50-50 for E2 and 75-25 for E3 of ethanol-water extracts from plant leaves at the respective doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of body weight were used for 32-day toxicity. They were obtained after harvesting leaves, sorting, drying in the air cover for three weeks, and grinding. The resulting powder was doubly macerated with 70% ethanol for 48 hours and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated with the Heidolph-brand rotary rotavapor and each extract obtained was preserved. The administrations were carried out by gavage to wistar, male and non-pregnant female albino rats. In the end, the animals were sacrificed. The serum and organ homogenates were obtained for biochemical, tissue, and histopathological analyses respectively. The analyses revealed insignificant variations at the 5% probability threshold of the weight growth of experimental animals. These variations were found to be statistically significant at the same probability for biochemical and tissue parameters based on the dose of plant extracts and compared to control animals. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue showed leukodate infiltration that indicates extract-induced inflammation of the hepatocytes at the 400 mg/kg dose of body weight in females. However, this infiltration of the cells would have improved the regeneration of hepatocytes justified by the normal rate of transaminases. These results showed that combinations of hydroethanolic extracts of G. africanum and G. buchholzianumare non-toxicand may be potential candidates in the Cameroonian flora medicinal plant database shown in the monitoring of oxidative stress-related diseases.

关键词： Gnetum africanum Gnetum buchholzianum Subacute Toxicity Oxidative Stress Albino Rats

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Characterization and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds of Hydroethanolic Extracts and Fractions of Leaves Gnetum africanum (Welv.) and Gnetum buchholzianum (Engl.) (Gnetaceae)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第7期12卷 1304-1318页

作者： bertin sone enone Gisèle Marie-Marguerite Etame-Loe Charles Christian Ngoule Jean-Pierre Ngene Juliette Koube Lahngong Methodius Shinyuy Simone Véronique Fannang Moïse Henri Julien Nko’o Jean Baptiste Hzounda Fokou Hans Denis Bamal Celestine Magne Valdi Steve Djova Wilfred Ndogmo Tekapi Sandrine Sikadeu Josiane Etang Albert Mouelle sone Laboratory of Microbiology Immunology-Hematology and Morphological Sciences Doctoral Training Unit in Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Microbiology University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Chemistry Laboratory Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Biology and plant Organisms Faculty of Science Douala Cameroon

Research for bioactive molecules and not resistant to infectious agents remains topical for science. The total polyphenols (TPP) and total flavonoids (TFv) of the hydroethanolic extracts and fractions obtained were quantified according to the spectrophotometric method described in the literature using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the colorless solutions of sodium nitrite 2.5% and aluminum chloride 10% respectively. The characterization of chemical compounds was made by coupling liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). Thus, 15 chemical compounds were characterized, seven from Gnetum africanum (EBa) and eight from Gnetum buchholzianum (EBb). The majority of which were stilbens, such as Gnetupendin D, Dimethoxygnetulin, Methoxyparvifolol D, Isorhaponcitin from Eba and Gnetuhaidin P, Gnetupendin D, Gnetuhainin C, phenols (Alcohol Homovanillyl, Alcohol Erythro guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl, and Alcohol Homovanillyl from EBb. The minority were flavonoids such as Dimethoxydihydropyraneriodictyol, Dimethoxyeriodictyol (EBa) and Dimethoxydihydropyraneriodictyol, Trimethoxyluteolin (EBb). The levels of total polyphenolics and total flavonoids content were respectively 14.520 ± 0.557 mg EAA/g Extract and 29.870 ± 2.485 mg EQ/g Extract for EBa. The levels of total polyphenolics and total flavonoids content for EBb were respectively 4.560 ± 0.010 mg EAA/g Extract and 2.233 ± 0.251 mg EQ/g Extract. The high levels of flavonoids content respectively 220.200 ± 35.500 and 335.300 ± 57.810 mg EQ/g Extract were shown in Dichlorometan fraction from EBa and EBb. These bioactive compounds identified and total phenolics compounds quantified can be exploited in pharmacological and pharmacokinetical activities to fight against multi-resistant infectious agents and as well as oxidative stress and antiinflammatory diseases.

关键词： Gnetum africanum Gnetum buchholzianum Phenolic Compounds Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

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Phytochemical Screening, Study of Acute Toxicity and Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Activities of Silver Nanoparticles from Guibourtia tessmannii (Harms) J. Leonard (Caesalpiniaceae)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 118-130页

作者： Ngoulé Charles Christian Eya’ane Meva François sone enone bertin Ngo Nyobe Biwole Caroline Tankeu Séverin Elisée Songue Pascal Nguene Jean Pierre Etame-Loe Gisèle Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Biology of Plant Organisms Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

According to the World Health Organization, diabetes affects approximately 347 million people worldwide. Its management is not within the reach of all social classes, therefore medicinal plants are still the first resort for many populations in Africa. The biological material used in this study was the trunk bark of Guibourtia tessmannii. 50 g of trunk bark powder were decocted in 500 ml of distilled water for 5 minutes were carried out. The method used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) was an organometallic bio-reduction of silver nitrate salts mediated by various secondary metabolites contained in the plant extract. The study of the toxicity acute was conducted according to guideline 423 of the OECD protocol. The pharmacological activities were each carried out with 28 female rats divided into 7 groups of four rats. It was a question for the hypoglycemic activity of administering various doses of silver nanoparticles and other substances to the rats thirty minutes after the carbohydrate intake and for the anti-hyperglycemic activity of administering the same substances to the rats thirty minutes before the carbohydrate intake. The extraction yield was 8.76%. Only the alkaloid test was negative. After acute toxicity study, the LD50 was greater than 2000 mg/kg. Blood sugar tests revealed that glibenclamide 5 mg/kg, which is the reference molecule, lowered blood sugar more than the other treatments applied in the other batches. It was followed by treatment with silver nanoparticles at a dose of 400 μg/kg in both tests. It was therefore concluded that silver nanoparticles from G. tessmannii are good for the formulation of improved traditional medicines and bring up their afficacity .

关键词： Guibourtia tessmannii Nanoparticles Hypoglycemia Anti-Hyperglycemia

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