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The role of active case finding in reducing patient incurred catastrophic costs for tuberculosis in Nepal

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第6期8卷 61-75页

作者： Suman Chandra Gurung Kritika Dixit Bhola Rai Maxine Caws Puskar Raj Paudel Raghu Dhital Shraddha Acharya Gangaram Budhathoki Deepak Malla Jens W.Levy Job van Rest Knut Lonnroth Kerri Viney Andrew Ramsay Tom Wingfield Buddha Basnyat Anil Thapa bertie squire Duolao Wang Gokul Mishra Kashim Shah Anil Shrestha Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha Birat Nepal Medical Trust KathmanduNepal Department of Clinical Sciences Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation The HagueNetherlands Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Research School of Population Health Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia University of St Andrews St AndrewsUK University of Liverpool LiverpoolUK Oxford University Clinical Research Unit KathmanduNepal National Tuberculosis Centre BhaktapurNepal Nick Simons Institute LalitpurNepal Institute for Health Technology Assessment Porto AlegreBrazil

Background:The World Health Organization(WHO)End TB Strategy has established a milestone to reduce the number of tuberculosis(TB)-affected households facing catastrophic costs to zero by *** role of active case finding(ACF)in reducing patient costs has not been determined *** study therefore aimed to compare costs incurred by TB patients diagnosed through ACF and passive case finding(PCF),and to determine the prevalence and intensity of patient-incurred catastrophic costs in ***:The study was conducted in two districts of Nepal:Bardiya and Pyuthan(Province No.5)between June and August *** hundred patients were included in this study in a 1:1 ratio(PCF:ACF,25 consecutive ACF and 25 consecutive PCF patients in each district).The WHO TB patient costing tool was applied to collect information from patients or a member of their family regarding indirect and direct medical and non-medical *** costs were calculated based on the proportion of patients with total costs exceeding 20%of their annual household *** intensity of catastrophic costs was calculated using the positive overshoot *** chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare proportions and ***,the Mantel Haenszel test was performed to assess the association between catastrophic costs and type of ***:Ninety-nine patients were interviewed(50 ACF and 49 PCF).Patients diagnosed through ACF incurred lower costs during the pre-treatment period(direct medical:USD 14 vs USD 32,P=0.001;direct non-medical:USD 3 vs USD 10,P=0.004;indirect,time loss:USD 4 vs USD 13,P<0.001).The cost of the pre-treatment and intensive phases combined was also lower for direct medical(USD 15 vs USD 34,P=0.002)and non-medical(USD 30 vs USD 54,P=0.022)costs among ACF *** prevalence of catastrophic direct costs was lower for ACF patients for all thresholds.A lower intensity of catastrophic costs was also documented for ACF patients,altho

关键词： Tuberculosis Case finding Cost Catastrophic cost Patient-incurred cost Nepal

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Defining sustainable limits during and after intensification in a maritime agricultural ecosystem

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第8期3卷 15-31页

作者： Geoffrey R.squire Ecological Sciences James Hutton InstituteDundeeUK

Introduction:Intensification of agricultural ecosystems in the 20th century proceeded by a series of innovations that initially ensured food security,but had negative consequences for the in-field and wider environments.A case study in the north Atlantic zone maritime cropland of the UK identified three phases:(1)reorganization between 1940 and 1960,(2)intensification leading to tripling of grain output(1960-1990),and(3)a leveling of output(1990-2015).Outcomes:Innovations that caused the changes together with their effect on life forms,ecological processes and the evolving social,economic and biophysical conditions are *** to design future sustainable systems are hampered by the absence of a baseline before intensification,by inadequate knowledge of in-field processes,and by uncertainty over"safe ranges"in which processes can operate without causing long-term system *** ranges are examined for three attributes recorded over all three phases,namely grain output,fertilizer input and the wild seedbank *** lower limits for grain and nitrogen were quantified as those that ensure grain *** upper limits were identified as those that were economically acceptable to farming in the face of major external perturbations related to food policy and environmental *** these upper limits,fields can maintain a generalist wild species seedbank that supports a farmland food ***:Some properties of the ecosystem therefore attained stability in phase ***,evidence of degrading soil,increasing pesticide use to maintain yield and collapse of specialist plant functions such as nitrogen fixation and pollination,suggest the system is moving toward a phase of decline.

关键词： Ecosystem services intensification resilience safe limits biodiversity

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Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience = 行为和认知神经科学 edited by Larry squire ... [et al.].

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丛书名：科爱传播. 生命科学

2009年

作者： edited by Larry squire ... [et al.].

全书共分7个部分，覆盖神经科学领域的各个方面。

ISBN: (纸本)9787030241559

全书共分7个部分，覆盖神经科学领域的各个方面。

关键词： Neuropsychology.

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Hepatitis B virus is degraded by autophagosome-lysosome fusion mediated by Rab7 and related components

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Protein & Cell 2019年第1期10卷 60-66页

作者： Yong Lin Chunchen Wu Xueyu Wang Thekla Kemper Anthony squire Matthias Gunzer Jiming Zhang Xinwen Chen Mengji Lu Institute of Virology University Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-Essen45117 EssenGermany State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of ScienceWuhan 430071China Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging University Hospital EssenUniversity Duisburg-Essen45117 EssenGermany Department of Infectious Diseases Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

Dear Editor,With an estimated 240 million chronically infected people worldwide,hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major public health problem(Schweitzer et al.,2015).Despite more than 30 years of in tense research,... 详细信息

关键词： Editor people HBV

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Nervous system development. 导读版

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丛书名：科爱传播. 生命科学

2009年

作者： Larry squire

"导读版"--Cover.

ISBN: (纸本)9787030241580

"导读版"--Cover.

关键词： Neurosciences.

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A whole-systems approach for assessing measures to improve arable ecosystem sustainability

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第12期2卷 1-8页

作者： C.Hawes G.S.Begg P.P.M.Iannetta A.J.Karley G.R.squire James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundeeDD25DA UK

There is increasing pressure on the agricultural industry to maintain or increase production of high-quality food while maintaining long-term environmental *** and EU policies and practices have been developed and implemented in an attempt to improve the sustainability and efficiency of arable farming and satisfy these potentially conflicting ***,to the authors’knowledge,there has been no attempt to quantify whether new interventions have the desired effect on improving sustainability at a whole-systems *** studies focus on one,or a few,elements of a specific system and therefore fail to account for trade-offs and conflicts between the many different interacting ***,we propose a whole-systems approach based on a suite of indicators for a complete and holistic assessment of the efficacy of policies to improve economic,environmental,and ecological sustainability.

关键词： arable food webs crop yield financial margins invertebrates soil sustainability weeds.

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Fundamental neuroscience 3rd ed

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2009年

作者： edited by Larry squire ...[et al.]

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Ecosystem health towards sustainability

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第1期1卷 7-22页

作者： Yonglong Lu Ruoshi Wang Yueqing Zhang Hongqiao Su Pei Wang Alan Jenkins Rober C.Ferrier Mark Bailey Geoff squire State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford OX108BB United Kingdom James Hutton Institute Aberdeen AB158QH ScotlandUnited Kingdom

Ecosystems are becoming damaged or degraded as a result of stresses especially associated with human activities.A healthy ecosystem is essential to provide the services that humans and the natural environment require and has tremendous social and economic *** of the definition of ecosystem health includes what constitutes health and what it means to be *** evaluate ecosystem health,it is necessary to quantify ecosystem conditions using a variety of *** this paper,the main principles and criteria for indicator selection,classification of indicators for different kinds of ecosystems,the most appropriate indicators for measuring ecosystem sustainability,and various methods and models for the assessment of ecosystem health are ***,sustainability,and resilience are considered to be critical factors for ecosystem health and its *** integration of ecological understanding with socioeconomic,biophysical,biogeochemical,and public-policy dimensions is still the primary challenge in this field,and devising workable strategies to achieve and maintain ecosystem health is a key future challenge.

关键词： assessment methodology ecological indicator ecosystem functioning ecosystem health ecosystem sustainability resilience

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Global myocardial strain assessment by different imaging modalities to predict outcomes after ST-elevation myocardial infarction:A systematic review

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World Journal of Cardiology 2015年第12期7卷 948-960页

作者： Abhishek Shetye Sheraz A Nazir Iain B squire Gerald P McCann Department of Cardiovascular Sciences University of LeicesterGlenfield Hospital

AIM: To conduct a systematic review relating myocardial strain assessed by different imaging modalities for prognostication following ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).METHODS: An online literature search was performed in Pub Med and OVID® electronic databases to identify any studies that assessed global myocardial strain parameters using speckle-tracking echocardiography(STE) and/or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMR) techniques [either myocardial tagging or feature tracking(FT) software] in an acute STEMI cohort(days 0-14 post-event) to predict prognosis [either development of major adverse cardiac events(MACE)] or adverse left ventricular(LV) remodelling at follow-up(≥ 6 mo for MACE,≥ 3 mo for remodelling). Search was restricted to studies within the last 20 years. All studies that matched the pre-defined search criteria were reviewed and their results interpreted. Due to considerable heterogeneity between studies,metaanalysis was not ***: A total of seven studies(n = 7) were identified that matched the search criteria. All studies used STE to evaluate strain parameters- five(n = 5) assessed global longitudinal strain(GLS)(n = 5),one assessed GLS rate(GLS-R)(n = 1) and one assessed both(n = 1). Three studies showed that GLS independently predicted the development of adverse LV remodelling by multivariate analysis- odds ratio between 1.19(CI: 1.04-1.37,P < 0.05) and 10(CI: 6.7-14,P < 0.001) depending on the study. Four studies showed that GLS predicted the development of MACE- hazard ratio(HR) between 1.1(CI: 1-1.1,P = 0.006) and 2.34(1.10-4.97,P < 0.05). One paper found that GLS-R could significantly predict MACEHR 18(10-35,P < 0.001)- whilst another showed it did not. GLS <-10.85% had sensitivity/specificity of 89.7%/91% respectively for predicting the development of remodelling whilst GLS <-13% could predict the development of MACE with sensitivity/specificity of 100%/89% respectively. No suitable studies were identified that asse

关键词： Strain Speckle tracking Tagging Feature tracking Myocardial infarction Major adverse cardiac events Remodelling

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设计师的窗栅演绎法

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缤纷 2014年第4期 154-157页

作者： squire & Partners 张晓

受到上世纪前半叶现代主义风潮的影响，如今每当我们谈及现代建筑的时候，总是或多或少在潜意识中浮现出剥离了文化符号的抽象空间，毫无装饰的平坦立面、不加掩饰的结构、“纯净”的色块……然而，尽管汉诺威大街1O号这栋狭窄的8层建... 详细信息

受到上世纪前半叶现代主义风潮的影响，如今每当我们谈及现代建筑的时候，总是或多或少在潜意识中浮现出剥离了文化符号的抽象空间，毫无装饰的平坦立面、不加掩饰的结构、“纯净”的色块……然而，尽管汉诺威大街1O号这栋狭窄的8层建筑作为一家当代艺术画廊“理当”现代主义，但它却并没选择激进地与过去割袍断义。相反，设计者选择以当代语境下的叙事方式来演绎本国、本地的人文印记，试图以此构建起与历史、文化传承的某种联系。

关键词：演绎法设计师现代主义现代建筑文化符号当代艺术叙事方式当代语境

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