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Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts:evidence from brain activities

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 5-15页

作者： Jianxun Yang Yunqi Liu berry van den berg Susie Wang Lele Chen Miaomiao Liu Jun Bi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nanjing Foreign Language School Nanjing 210008China Department of Experimental Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Social Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands School of Education Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

Awareness of the adverse impact of air pollution on attention-related performance such as learning and driving is rapidly ***,there is still little known about the underlying neurocognitive *** an adapted dot-probe task paradigm and event-related potential(ERP)technique,we investigated how visual stimuli of air pollution influence the attentional allocation *** were required to make responses to the onset of a target presented at the left or right visual *** probable location of the target was forewarned by a cue(pollution or clean air images),appearing at either the target location(attention-holding trials)or the opposite location(attention-shifting trials).Behavioral measures showed that when cued by pollution images,subjects had higher response accuracy in attention-shifting *** analysis results revealed that after the cue onset,pollution images evoked lower N300 amplitudes,indicating less attentioncapturing effects of dirty *** the target onset,pollution cues were correlated with the higher P300 amplitudes in attention-holding trials but lower amplitudes in attention-shifting *** indicates that after visual exposure to air pollution,people need more neurocognitive resources to maintain attention but less effort to shift attention *** findings provide the first neuroscientific evidence for the distracting effect of air *** conclude with several practical implications and suggest the ERP technique as a promising tool to understand human responses to environmental stressors.

关键词： Air pollution Attention Disengagement Performance Event-related potential

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Combining two-photon lithography with laser ablation of sacrificial layers:A route to isolated 3D magnetic nanostructures

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1441-1447页

作者： Arjen van den berg Mylène Caruel Matthew Hunt Sam Ladak School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff UniversityCardiffCF243AAUK Institut National des Sciences Appliquées(INSA)of Toulouse 35 Avenue de Rangueil31400 ToulouseFrance

Three-dimensional(3D)nanostructured functional materials are important systems allowing new means for intricate control of electromagnetic properties.A key problem is realising a 3D printing methodology on the nanoscale that can yield a range of functional *** this article,it is shown that two-photon lithography,when combined with laser ablation of sacrificial layers,can be used to realise such a vision and produce 3D functional nanomaterials of complex ***-of-principle is first shown by fabricating planar magnetic nanowires raised above the substrate that exhibit controlled domain wall injection and ***,3D artificial spin-ice(3DASI)structures are fabricated,whose complex switching can be probed using optical *** show that by careful analysis of the magneto-optical Kerr effect signal and by comparison with micromagnetic simulations,depth dependent switching information can be obtained from the 3DASI *** work paves the way for new materials,which exploit additional physics provided by non-trivial 3D geometries.

关键词： three-dimensional(3D)nanomagnetism 3D lithography 3D artificial spin ice sacrificial layers magneto-optical Kerr effect

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Impact of black cherry on pedunculate oak vitality in mixed forests:Balancing benefits and concerns

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 690-699页

作者： Ellen Desie Bart Muys Jan den Ouden Bart Nyssen Rita Sousa-Silva Leon van den berg Arnold van den Burg Gert-Jan van Duinen Koenraad van Meerbeek Maaike Weijters Karen vancampenhout Division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU Leuven Campus GeelKleinhoefstraat 4B-2240 GeelBelgium Division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200EBox 2411B-3001 LeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Plant Institute B-3001 LeuvenBelgium Forest Ecology and Management Group Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 47Wageningenthe Netherlands Bosgroep Zuid-Nederland Huisvenseweg 145591 VD Heezethe Netherlands Young Academy for Sustainability Research University of Freiburg79104 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Aquatic Ecology&Environmental Biology Radboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ Nijmegenthe Netherlands Biosphere/Zoological Museum Netherlands Onderlangs 176731 BK Otterlothe Netherlands Stichting Bargerveen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands B-WARE Research Centre/Radboud University Nijmegen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands

The vitality of European forests continues to decline due to new pests and diseases,climate-change related disturbances and high loads of atmospheric nitrogen *** soil health is a major factor underpinning the low vitality of West-European *** tree species with soil ameliorative traits is proposed as an avenue to counteract soil acidification and improve overall forest *** we evaluate the impact of black cherry(Prunus serotina Ehrh.),a known rich litter species,on the vitality of neighboring pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)in ten mixed forests on sand in Germany,Belgium and the *** found that black cherry admixture increases foliar N and P to a surplus whereas it causes deficiencies in foliar Mg,thereby resulting in an overall negative effect on oak foliar nutrient ***,defoliation of oak leaves by herbivory decreases with the proximity of black *** structural equation modelling(SEM),we tested the hypothesized‘improved soil health’*** analyses showed that black cherry admixture leads to lower accumulation in the humus layer,resulting in higher soil base saturation which has a positive effect on foliar Ca yet a negative effect on total ***,the SEM illustrated that herbivory of oak leaves decreases when black cherry is admixed,both via dilution and improved soil *** effects of black cherry on oak vitality via“improved soil health”in our SEM are however small in comparison to direct ***,our study showed that the combined positive and negative impacts of black cherry on oak vitality are limited,which tempers the potential benefits of using the rich litter species to counteract oak decline via improved soil health–yet,the concern of black cherry as an invasive alien species negatively affecting the vitality of mature pedunculate oak trees may also be exaggerated.

关键词： Rich litter species Black cherry Nutrient cycling Insect herbivory Dilution effect Humus type Pedunculate oak Plant-soil interaction

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Room temperature synthesis of perylene diimides facilitated by high amic acid solubility

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第4期9卷 1090-1108页

作者： Markus C.Kwakernaak Marijn Koel Peter J.L.van den berg Erik M.Kelder Wolter F.Jager Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZ DelftThe Netherlands Department of Radiation Science and Technology/Reactor Institute Delft Delft University of Technology2629 JB DelftThe Netherlands

A novel protocol for the synthesis of perylene diimides(PDIs),by reacting perylene dianhydride(PDA)with aliphatic amines is *** conversions were obtained at temperatures between 20 and 60℃,using DBU as the base in DM... 详细信息

关键词： synthesis solubility anhydride

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Qualifying the suitability of living donor livers for pediatric liver transplantation:are we doing the right thing?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第3期12卷 462-464页

作者： Henkjan J.Verkade Frans C.J.Cuperus Aad P.van den berg Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of PediatricsUniversity of GroningenBeatrix Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands

Over the last decades,liver transplantation has become the standard care for many forms of end-stage liver disease,both in adults and in *** prognosis after pediatric liver transplantation(pLT)has steadily increased up to a patient survival at 5 years of 85%and an estimated graft half life of 31 years(1,2).In the early days of pLT,the transplanted organ originated from deceased *** 1990,adult-to-child living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)programs have developed,which rapidly gained popularity,particularly in Europe and Asia(2,3).A major stimulus for LDLT has been the limited availability of deceased *** indications for liver transplantation have expanded,particularly for adult patients,at a higher rate than the availability of donor ***,the quality of donor organs has steadily declined,resulting in a decreased utilization of livers from deceased donors for transplantation(4).The limited availability of qualified deceased donor livers has further stimulated LDLT:in Europe,for example,the percentage of living donor organs used for pLT increased from 7%before 2000 to 40%since 2010(1).

关键词： Steatosis graft survival pediatric liver transplantation(pLT) patient survival

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Decision support model for effects estimation and proportionality assessment for targeting in cyber operations

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第2期17卷 352-374页

作者： C.Maathuis W.Pieters J.van den berg Delft University of Technology Jaffalaan 52628 BXDelftNetherlands TNO Military Operations Oude Waaldorperweg 632597 AKDen HaagNetherlands Netherlands Defense Academy De la Reyweg 1204818 BBBredaNetherlands Open University of the Netherlands Valkenburgerweg 1776419 ATHeerlenNetherlands

Cyber operations are relatively a new phenomenon of the last two *** that period,they have increased in number,complexity,and agility,while their design and development have been processes well kept under *** a consequence,limited data(sets)regarding these incidents are *** various academic and practitioner public communities addressed some of the key points and dilemmas that surround cyber operations(such as attack,target identification and selection,and collateral damage),still methodologies and models are needed in order to plan,execute,and assess them in a responsibly and legally compliant *** on these facts,it is the aim of this article to propose a model that i))estimates and classifies the effects of cyber operations,and ii)assesses proportionality in order to support targeting decisions in cyber *** order to do that,a multi-layered fuzzy model was designed and implemented by analysing real and virtual realistic cyber operations combined with interviews and focus groups with technical e military *** proposed model was evaluated on two cyber operations use cases in a focus group with four technical e military *** the design and the results of the evaluation are revealed in this article.

关键词： Cyber operations Cyber warfare Cyber weapons Artificial intelligence Fuzzy logic Targeting

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Calcineurin Inhibitors in the Treatment of Adult Autoimmune Hepatitis:A Systematic Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第6期10卷 1155-1166页

作者： Martine AMC Baven-Pronk Joffre M.Hew,Jr Maaike Biewenga Maarten E.Tushuizen Aad P.van den berg Gerd Bouma Johannes T.Brouwer Bart van Hoek 无 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Groene Hart HospitalGoudaNetherlands Department of Gastroenterolo-gy and Hepatology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Amsterdam University Medical Center Location VUAmsterdamNetherlands Reinier de Graaf Medical Center Delft DelftNetherlands Dutch Autoimmune Hepatitis Study Group

Background and Aims:A considerable number of au-toimmune hepatitis(AIH)patients completely or partially fail on first-line *** studies on the use of calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs)in the treatment of AIH have been published without focusing on *** aim was to assess the efficacy of CNIs in the treatment of adult AIH patients,specifically focusing on indication:first-line intolerant and with first-line insufficient response(failure to achieve or maintain remission),and with second versus third-line ***:A literature search included studies on the use of CNIs in adult *** with past or present use of CNIs from the Dutch AIH group cohort were *** primary endpoint was biochemical remission while using *** endpoints were biochemical response,treatment failure,and adverse ***:Twenty studies from the literature and nine Dutch patients were included describing the use of cyclosporine in 59 and tacrolimus in 219 adult AIH *** CNI remission rate was 53%in patients with insufficient response to first-line treatment and 67%in patients intolerant to first-line *** were used as second-line treatment in 73%with a remission rate of 52%and as third-line treatment in 22%with a remission rate of 26%.Cyclosporine was discontin-ued in 13%and tacrolimus in 11%of patients because of adverse ***:CNIs as rescue treatment in adult AIH patients are reasonably effective and safe both with insufficient response or intolerance to previous *** studies are needed.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Cyclosporine Tacrolimus Calcineurin inhibi-tor

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SEPRAN: A Versatile Finite-Element Package for a Wide Variety of Problems in Geosciences

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第1期26卷 89-95页

作者： Arie van den berg Guus Segal David A.Yuen Department of Theoretical Geophysics Institute of Earth SciencesUtrecht University3508 TC UtrechtThe Netherlands Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer ScienceTU DelftThe Netherlands Department of Earth Sciences and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences

Numerical modelling of geological processes, such as mantle convection, flow in porous media, and geothermal heat transfer, has become quite common with the increase in computing and the availability of usable software. Today modelling these dynamical processes entails the solving of the governing equations involving the mass, momentum, energy and chemical transport. These equations represent partial differential equations and must be solved on powerful enough computers because they require sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to be useful. We describe here the salient and outstanding features of the SEPRAN software package, developed in the Netherlands, as a case study for a robust and user-friendly soft- ware, which the geological community can utilize in handling many thermal-mechanical-chemical problems found in geology, which will include geothermal situations, where many types of partial differential equations must be solved at the same time with thermodynamical input parameters.

关键词： SEPRAN finite element package geodynamic and planetary modelling geothermal groundwater flow.

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Modeling shoreline sand waves on the coasts of Namibia and Angola

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第3期28卷 338-348页

作者： Francesca RIBAS Albert FALQUES Niels van den berg Miquel CABALLERIA Department of Applied Physics Universitat Politecnica de CatalunyaSpain

The southwestern（SW） coast of Africa（Namibia and Angola） features long sandy beaches and a wave climate dominated by energetic swells from the Southsouthwest（SSW）,therefore approaching the coast with a very high *** images reveal that along that coast there are many shoreline sand waves with wavelengths ranging from 2 to 8 km.A more detailed study,including a Fourier analysis of the shoreline position,yields the wavelengths（among this range） with the highest spectral density ***,it becomes apparent that at least some of the sand waves are dynamically active rather than being controlled by the geological setting.A morphodynamic model is used to test the hypothesis that these sand waves could emerge as free morphodynamic instabilities of the coastline due to the obliquity in wave *** is found that the period of the incident water waves,T;,is crucial to establish the tendency to stability or instability,instability increasing for decreasing period,whilst there is some discrepancy in the observed *** results for T;= 7-8 s clearly show the tendency for the coast to develop free sand waves at about 4 km wavelength within a few years,which migrate to the north at rates of 0.2-0.6 km yr;.For larger T;or steeper profiles,the coast is stable but sand waves originated by other mechanisms can propagate downdrift with little decay.

关键词： Shoreline evolution Shoreline sand waves High angle wave instability Longshore sediment transport

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Randomized Trial of Ciclosporin with 2-h Monitoring *** with Trough Monitoring in Liver Transplantation:DELTA Study

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第4期11卷 839-849页

作者： Bastian N.Ruijter Akin Inderson Aad Pvan den berg Herold J.Metselaar Jeroen Dubbeld Maarten E.Tushuizen Robert J.Porte Wojciech Polak Danny van der Helm Marjolein van Reeven Mar Rodriguez-Girondo Bart van Hoek Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology LUMC Transplantation CenterLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC Transplant InstituteErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands Department of Surgery LUMC Transplantation CenterLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Surgery Section HPB Surgery and Liver TransplantationUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Surgery Division of HPB and Transplant SurgeryErasmus MC Transplant InstituteErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands.

Background and Aims:Previous trials comparing cyclosporine and tacrolimus after liver transplantation(LT)showed conflicting *** used trough monitoring for cyclosporine(C0),leading to less accurate dosing than with 2-h monitoring(C2).Only one larger trial compared C2 with tacrolimus based on trough level(T0)after LT,with similar treated biopsy-proven acute rejection(tBPAR)and graft loss,while a smaller trial had less tBPAR with C2 compared to ***,it is still unclear which calcineurin inhibitor is preferred after *** aimed to demonstrate superior efficacy(tBPAR),tolerability,and safety of C2 or T0 after first ***:Patients after first LT were randomized to C2 or ***,patient-and graft survival,safety and tolerability were the main endpoints,with analysis by Fisher test,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank ***:In intention-totreat analysis 84 patients on C2 and 85 on T0 were *** incidence of tBPAR C2 vs.T0 was 17.7%vs.8.4%at 3 months(p=0.104),and 21.9%vs.9.7%at 6 and 12 months(p=0.049).One-year cumulative mortality C2 vs.T0 was 15.5%vs.5.9%(p=0.049)and graft loss 23.8%vs.9.4%(p=0.015).Serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol was lower with T0 than with *** of diarrhea in T0 vs,C2 was 64%vs.31%(p≤0.001),with no other differences in safety and ***:In the first year after LT immunosuppression with T0 leads to less tBPAR and better patient-/re-transplant-free survival as compared to C2.

关键词： Adverse effects Ciclosporin Liver transplantation Outcome Randomized controlled trial Rejection Survival Renal function Tacrolimus

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