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The singularities of light:intensity,phase,polarisation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第10期12卷 2023-2026页

作者： Michael V.berry H H Wills Physics Laboratory BristolBS81TLUK

In modern optics,light can be described at different levels:as rays,as scalar waves,as vector fields,and as quantum *** the first three levels,there are singularities—characteristic features,useful in interpreting phenomena at that *** geometrical optics,the singularities are ray caustics;in scalar wave optics,they are phase singularities(=wave dislocations=wave vortices=nodal manifolds);in vector waves,they are singularities where the polarisation of light is purely linear or purely *** singularities at each level are dissolved at the next *** singularities occur in all waves,not just light.

关键词： optics purely polar

Hepatic, pancreatic and renal manifestations of a ciliopathy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第4期20卷 394-395页

作者： Sreelakshmi Kotha Philip berry Department of Gastroenterology Guy’s and St Thomas’Foundation TrustLondonUK

Hepatorenal fibrocystic diseases are inherited disorders,characterized by developmental abnormalities and fibrocystic degeneration of the portobiliary system and kidneys^([1]).They are part of a larger group of disorders referred to as"ciliopathies"which affect 1 in 1000 *** kidney disease is the most common kidney manifestation,while others include nephronophthisis,glomerulocystic disease and cystic *** manifesta-tions include Caroli’s disease,congenital hepatic fibrosis and poly-cystic liver disease.

关键词： Hepatic kidney degeneration

Nuances of oblique lumbar interbody fusion at L5-S1:Three case reports

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第6期12卷 445-455页

作者： Chirag A berry Department of Orthopaedics Cincinnati VA Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45220United States

BACKGROUND Oblique lumbar interbody fusion is a mini-open retroperitoneal approach that uses a wide corridor between the left psoas muscle and the aorta above *** approach avoids the limitations of lateral lumbar interbody fusion,is considered less invasive than anterior lumbar interbody fusion,and is similarly effective for indirect decompression and improving lordosis while maintaining a low complication *** L5-S1,when required,adds to these advantages,as this allows single-position ***,variations in vascular anatomy can affect the ease of access to the L5-S1 *** nuances of three different oblique anterolateral techniques to access L5-S1 for interbody fusion,namely,left-sided intra-bifurcation,left-sided pre-psoas,and right-sided pre-psoas approaches,are illustrated using three representative case *** SUMMARY Cases of three patients who underwent multilevel oblique lumbar interbody fusion including L5-S1,using one of the three different techniques,are *** patients presented with symptomatic degenerative lumbar pathology and failed conservative management prior to *** anatomical considerations that affected the decisions to utilize each approach are *** pros and cons of each approach are also discussed.A parasagittal facet line objectively assesses the relationship between the left common iliac vein and the L5-S1 disc and assists in choosing the approach to *** Oblique retroperitoneal access to L5-S1 in the lateral decubitus position is possible through three different *** choice of approach to L5-S1 may be individualized based on a patient’s vascular anatomy using preoperative *** most surgeons will rely on their experience and comfort level in choosing the approach,this article elucidates the nuances of each technique.

关键词： Oblique lumbar interbody fusion Prepsoas approach Anterior to psoas Common iliac vein Iliolumbar vein Case report

Glucose measurement via Raman spectroscopy of graphene:Principles and operation

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Nano Research 2022年第10期15卷 8697-8704页

作者： Alireza Ahmadianyazdi Ngoc Hoang Lan Nguyen Jie Xu Vikas berry Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois 60607USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois 60607USA

The sensitivity of graphene’s Raman characteristics to external perturbations can be exploited for sensing *** apply this principle,Raman spectroscopy of graphene in contact with a chemical/biological analyte is recorded to unravel a correlation between analyte’s physical/chemical/biological properties and electronic properties(Fermi energy and dopants level)of *** an example,we demonstrate the principle and operation of glucose measurement using graphene’s Raman spectroscopy,utilizing both affinity and enzymatic detection *** the affinity detection,we monitor Raman spectrum of graphene in contact with a glucose containing sample to quantify the attachment of glucose onto 1-pyrene boronic acid(PBA)functionalized *** is revealed that glucose covalent bond to PBA induces n-type doping in graphene and increases its Fermi level following the Hill–Langmuir *** the enzymatic detection,we show that graphene’s Fermi energy shifts due to the biocatalytic oxidation of glucose by immobilized glucose oxidase(GOx)*** a result,graphene becomes p-doped with increasing glucose *** attribute this sensitivity to a re-distribution of ionic charges within the electric double layer(EDL)of graphene upon introducing the glucose *** model explains both our affinity and enzymatic glucose detection *** glucose detection,our graphene Raman spectroscopy-based sensor(GRS)may extend its applications to a broader range of remote and non-invasive detection without the need to employ electronics such as field-effect transistors.

关键词： graphene Raman spectroscopy glucose affinity detection glucose oxidase

Predicting the Thermal Behavior in Functional Textile Fibers Having Embedded Electronics

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第6期4卷 1609-1619页

作者： Shaun berry Shawn Redmond Tairan Wang Mordechai Rothschild MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood StreetLexingtonMA 02421USA

In this paper,both steady-state and transient thermal simulations were performed on functional fibers having an embedded electronic chip acting as a heat *** were conducted for a range of different fiber materials and arbitrary fiber cross-sectional *** show that under steady-state heating conditions,the thermal response for any arbitrary fiber shape and fiber material system was convection dominated regardless of the effective thermal conductivity of the fiber,and that the corresponding temperature rise within the fiber can be predicted analytically allowing for the maximum temperature to be estimated for any known heat load and fiber *** the case of transient heating,we show that for pulsed power operation of the embedded electronic device,the maximum temperature reached in the fiber is always greater than the maximum temperature of the equivalent steady-state average ***,high peak powers can be safely achieved if the power-on pulse time and duty cycle are selected to limit the maximum temperature reached in the *** on the results from the transient simulations,a set of criteria was developed to determine whether the operating conditions would be:(1)allowable for the fiber system,thus requiring no transient simulations,(2)requiring a transient simulation to verify that the maximum temperature is acceptable,and(3)the operating conditions are too severe and device operation at these conditions are not practical.

关键词： Functional fibers Smart fibers Thermal modeling Fabrics MOEMS

Investigation of the anisotropic confinement-dependent brittleness of a Utah coal

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第2期8卷 274-290页

作者： Bo-Hyun Kim Gabriel Walton Mark KLarson Steve berry CDC/NIOSH 315 E.Montgomery Ave.SpokaneWAUSA Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA Department of Geological Engineering Montana TechButteMTUSA

Changes of failure mechanism with increasing confinement,from extensional to shear-dominated failure,are widely observed in the rupture of intact specimens at the laboratory scale and in rock *** an analysis published in 2018,both unconfined and triaxial compressive tests were conducted to investigate the strength characteristics of 84 specimens of a Utah coal,including the spalling limits,the ratio of apparent unconfined compressive strength to unconfined compressive strength(UCS),the damage characteristics,and the post-yield *** mechanical characteristics were found to be strongly anisotropic as a function of the orientation of the cleats relative to the loading direction,defined as the included angle.A total of four different included angles were used in the work performed in *** authors found that the degree of anisotropic strength differed according to the included ***,the transition from extensional to shear failure at the given confinements was not clearly *** this study,a total of 20 specimens were additionally prepared from the same coal sample used in the previous study and then tested under both unconfined and triaxial compressive *** the authors already knew the most contrasting cases of the included angles from the previous work using the four included angles,they chose only two of the included angles(0°and 30°)for this *** the triaxial compressive tests,a greater confining stress than the mean UCS was applied to the specimens in an attempt to identify the brittle-ductile transition of the *** new results have been compiled with the previous results in order to re-evaluate the confinement-dependency of the coal ***,the different confining stresses are used as analogs for different width-to-height(W/H)conditions of pillar *** the W/H ratios of the specimens were not directly considered during testing,the equivalent W/H ratios of a pillar as a function of

关键词： Utah coal Spalling limit AUCS/UCS ratio Damage characteristic Post-yield dilatancy Anisotropic

Schistosomiasis and the Philippine campaign

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2008年第2期1卷 41-60页

作者： Cristóbal S.berry-Cabá Womack Army Medical Center WAMC/IMD/Clinical Data Team Fort BraggNC 28310-5000

Schistosomiasis is an infection with one of a series of related trematode parasites that are endemic to at least 76 tropical and subtropical *** affects over 200 million people in tropical and subtropical regions of South America,Africa and *** paper reported more than 1500 soldiers of US troops and 560 men of Australian Air Force were affected schistosomiasis japonicum in the Leyte of the Philippines during the liberation of the Philippines from Octorber 1944 to the early months of *** troops there were affected by contaminated water with snail *** first,the medical corps knew little about the situations of the schistosomiasis japonica in the Leyte,no preventive measure was *** December 23,1944 CPT morris Goldberg discovered schistosomes first from the hospitalized soldiers while conducting a liver *** soldiers with markedly signs and symptoms were admitted to hospital for *** measure was taken *** US sent a lot of experts to Philippines for the research of schistosomiasis japonicum,including epidemiology, prevention,diagnosis,treatment and so *** chemicals were used to control snail hosts. In clinical,schistosomiasis has acute and chronic stages,the manifestations are plenty and various,the liver, intestine,veins,spleen and skin etc are common sites of *** extensive educational program was carried out in the troops through different means,which yielded remarkable effect,the new incidence of schistosomiasis *** hospitalized soldiers were a few,but there were scare and some morale and psychological problems among them and the other affected victims,they worried about their prognoses or being infected. Some patients were evacuated to United States for treatment after diagnosis,some patients were treated in *** World WarⅡ,schistosomiasis was treated generally with trivalent antimony compounds,Fuadin and tartar *** this event,no case died,relapses w

关键词： schistosomiasis epidemiology prevention treatment troop United States Leyte

Group delay and phase delay in GNSS systems

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第3期16卷 210-219页

作者： Reuben berry Philip G.MATTOS Izzet KALE Applied DSP and VLSI Research Group Department of ElectronicsNetwork and Communications EngineeringUniversity of WestminsterLondonW1W 6UWUK STMicroelectronics R&D Ltd BristolBS324SQUK

GNSS signals have previously been modulated using binary phase shift keying but this modulation scheme is being replaced by binary offset carrier(BOC)*** has considered how the BOC signals might be affected differently when passed through a surface acoustic wave(SAW)*** concern has been that because of the split spectrum nature of the BOC signals,the upper and lower side-lobes will be delayed significantly *** was suggested because SAW filters have nonlinear phase characteristics and therefore different frequencies are delayed *** was suggested that this difference in delay will result in greater distortion of the correlation triangle.A delay magnification effect was also mentioned when analyzing the delay of a BOC *** was not understood why the theoretical delay calculations did not match up with the actual results in both hardware and *** paper clarifies some of the confusion and explains why the“delay magnification”applies to phase delay but not group *** paper also takes a look at how the code phase delay can vary with frequency and correlator spacing as a result of the SAW filter properties.

关键词： group delay phase delay SAW filter non-linear phase GNSS delay compensation

LINGO-1 and AMIGO3, potential therapeutic targets for neurological and dysmyelinating disorders？

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第8期12卷 1247-1251页

作者： Simon Foale Martin berry Ann Logan Daniel Fulton Zubair Ahmed Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Institute of Inflammation and Ageing University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

Leucine rich repeat proteins have gained considerable interest as therapeutic targets due to their expression and biological activity within the central nervous system. LINGO-1 has received particular attention since it inhibits axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in a Rho A dependent manner while inhibiting leucine rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing protein 1（LINGO-1） disinhibits neuron outgrowth. Furthermore, LINGO-1 suppresses oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and myelin production. Inhibiting the action of LINGO-1 encourages remyelination both in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, LINGO-1 antagonists show promise as therapies for demyelinating diseases. An analogous protein to LINGO-1, amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame-3（AMIGO3）, exerts the same inhibitory effect on the axonal outgrowth of central nervous system neurons, as well as interacting with the same receptors as LINGO-1. However, AMIGO3 is upregulated more rapidly after spinal cord injury than LINGO-1. We speculate that AMIGO3 has a similar inhibitory effect on oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and myelin production as with axogenesis. Therefore, inhibiting AMIGO3 will likely encourage central nervous system axonal regeneration as well as the production of myelin from local oligodendrocyte precursor cell, thus providing a promising therapeutic target and an area for future investigation.

关键词： multiple sclerosis demyelination oligodendrocyte AMIGO3 LINGO1 oligodendrocyte precursor cell