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Effect of bed load supply on sediment transport in mountain streams

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第2期32卷 240-252页

作者： Johannes Kammerlander bernhard Gems Daniel Kβler Markus Aufleger Unit of Hydraulic Engineering University of Innsbruck Austrian Research Centre for Forests Department of Natural Hazards 3. BERNARD Ingenieure ZT GmbH

Mountain streams with their tributary torrents build the upper part of the fluvial *** are important regarding the transfer of sediment from headwaters to lower *** are typically steep with wide grain size distributions,ranging from fine sand up to large boulders,and a stabilized bed *** streams often are supply-limited with respect to mobile bed load,which needs to be addressed when bed load transport equations are applied to such *** better understand supply limitation,laboratory experiments highlighting the effect of bed load supply on incipient motion and bed load transport rate are *** tests were done in which fine bed load was supplied to a previously armored channel bed,with flow conditions ranging from one-third to twice the critical discharge for the bed *** flows not exceeding the critical discharge,the time series of the bed load transport rate at the downstream model boundary featured consistent patterns which are attributed to distinct phases:(i) a temporal lag,(ii) an equilibrium state,and(iii) a post-supply *** load transport occurred even at flows distinctly below that for incipient motion of the bed ***,with the mass of total bed load outflow approaching the supply amount,the mass did not exclusively consist of supplied *** coarser the supplied bed load,the more sediment was mobilized from the bed *** higher flows,processes *** bed load outflow exceeded the supply amount and the break-up of the armor layer caused a refining of the bed surface.

关键词： Bed load transport Bed load supply Mountain stream Experimental modeling

Studies on Differential Nuclear Translocation Mechanism and Assembly of the Three Subunits of the Arabidopsis thaliana Transcription Factor NF-Y

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 876-888页

作者： Dieter Hackenberg Yanfang Wu Andrea Voigt Robert Adams Peter Schramm bernhard GrimmI Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology Humboldt University Philippstr. 13 Building 12 10115 Berlin Germany

The eukaryotic transcription factor NF-Y consists of three subunits （A, B, and C）, which are encoded in Ara- bidopsis thaliana in multigene families consisting of 10, 13, and 13 genes, respectively. In principle, all potential combi- nations of the subunits are possible for the assembly of the heterotrimeric complex. We aimed at assessing the probability of each subunit to participate in the assembly of NF-Y. The evaluation of physical interactions among all members of the NF-Y subunit families indicate a strong requirement for NF-YB/NF-YC heterodimerization before the entire complex can be accomplished. By means of a modified yeast two-hybrid system assembly of all three subunits to a heterotrimeric complex was demonstrated. Using GFP fusion constructs, NF-YA and NF-YC localization in the nucleus was demonstrated, while NF- YB is solely imported into the nucleus as a NF-YC-associated heterodimer NF-YC. This piggyback transport of the two Arabidopsis subunits differs from the import of the NF-Y heterotrimer of heterotrophic organisms. Based on a peptide structure model of the histone-fold-motifs, disulfide bonding among intramolecular conserved cysteine residues of NF-YB, which is responsible for the redox-regulated assembly of NF-YB and NF-YC in human and Aspergillus nidulans, can be excluded for Arabidopsis NF-YB.

关键词： gene expression transcriptional control and transcription factors nuclear translocation protein-proteininteraction.

Plant diversity and community history shift colonization success from early- to mid-successional species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第3期8卷 231-241页

作者： Christiane Roscher Uta Gerighausen bernhard Schmid Ernst-Detlef Schulze UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchDepartment of Community EcologyTheodor-Lieser-Strasse 4D-06120 HalleGermany Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry PO Box 100164D-07701 JenaGermany Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Functional traits are supposed to play an important role in deter-mining the colonization success of new species into established ***-term experimental studies have documented higher resistance of more diverse grasslands against coloni-zation by new ***,little is known about which traits colonizers should have to successfully invade diverse plant communities in the longer term and how community his-tory may modify the resistance of diverse communities against *** In a grassland biodiversity experiment(Jena Experiment)established with different species richness(s;1,2,4,8 and 16)and functional group(Fg)number and composition(1 to 4;legumes,grasses,small herbs,tall herbs),we studied colonization of naturally dispersed species in split-plots(i)with different duration of weeding(never weeded,weeded for 3 or 6 years and then un-weeded for 1 year)and(ii)with different duration of colonization(7 years,4 years and 1 year after cessation of weeding).Important Findingsresistance against colonization by new species declined with increased duration of weeding(on average 13,17 and 22 col-onizer species in 1-,4-and 7-year-old communities,respec-tively).Communities established at low diversity accumulated more colonizer species with a longer duration of weeding than more diverse *** of colonization had only small effects on the number of colonizer *** with early successional traits,*** life cycle,reproduction by seeds,small seeds,long-lived seeds and an earlier start of a longer flowering period,were favoured in species-poor newly established experimental plant communities(short duration of weeding)and early after cessation of weeding(short duration of colonization).a change from early-to mid-successional traits,*** growth,perennial life cycle,vegetative reproduction,characterized colonization at increased plant diversity and in communities with legumes or without *** absence/gr

关键词： abundance-weighted community mean traits biodiversity colonization simple community mean traits species richness

Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation:from acute to late-stage treatment of central nervous system damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第10期12卷 1590-1594页

作者： Petra Henrich-Noack Elena G.Sergeeva bernhard A.Sabel Institute of Medical Psychology Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Department of Emergency Medicine Emory University

Non-invasive brain current stimulation（NIBS） is a promising and versatile tool for inducing neuroplasticity,protection and functional rehabilitation of damaged neuronal *** is technically simple,requires no surgery,and has significant beneficial ***,there are various technical approaches for NIBS which influence neuronal networks in significantly different *** direct current stimulation（t DCS）,alternating current stimulation（ACS） and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） all have been applied to modulate brain activity in animal experiments under normal and pathological *** clinical trials have shown that t DCS,r TMS and ACS induce significant behavioural effects and can – depending on the parameters chosen – enhance or decrease brain excitability and influence performance and learning as well as rehabilitation and protective *** diverse phaenomena and partially opposing effects of NIBS are not yet fully understood and mechanisms of action need to be explored further in order to select appropriate parameters for a given task,such as current type and strength,timing,distribution of current densities and electrode *** this review,we will discuss the various parameters which need to be considered when designing a NIBS protocol and will put them into context with the envisaged applications in experimental neurobiology and medicine such as vision restoration,motor rehabilitation and cognitive enhancement.

关键词： non-invasive brain stimulation transcranial direct current stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation transorbital alternating current stimulation stroke trauma neuroprotection restoration of function

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On the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 1-23页

作者： Jiaolong ZHANG Eva BINDER Hui WANG Mehdi AMINBAGHAI bernhard LA PICHLER Yong YUAN Herbert A MANG College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Building Technology Linnaeus UniversityVaxjo 35195Sweden School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures TU WienVienna 1040Austria

This review of the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete is based on three representative *** first one is concerned with the analysis of experimental data,taken from four high-dynamic *** structural nature of the high-dynamic strength increase can be explained by using a multi-scale *** accounts for the microstructure of the *** second example refers to multi-scale thermoelastic analysis of concrete pavements,subjected to solar heating.A sensitivity analysis with respect to the internal relative humidity(RH)of concrete has underlined the great importance of the RH for an assessment of the risk of microcracking of *** third example deals with multi-scale structural analysis of a real-scale test of a segmental tunnel *** has turned out that multi-scale modeling of concrete enables more reliable predictions of crack opening displacements in tunnel segments than macroscopic models taken from codes of ***,it is concluded that multi-scale models have indeed a significant added ***,its degree varies with these *** any case,it can be assessed by means of a comparison of the results from three sources,namely,multi-scale structural analysis,conventional structural analysis,and experiments.

关键词： experiments multi-scale analysis conventional structural analysis concrete reinforced concrete

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Seasonal characteristics and determinants of tree growth in a Chinese subtropical forest

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 4-12页

作者： Xiulian Chi Qiang Guo Jingyun Fang bernhard Schmid Zhiyao Tang Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityNo.5 Yiheyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNo.16 NanxiaojieDongzhimennei AveneDongcheng DistrictBeijing 100700China Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 190Zürich 8057Switzerland

Aims To quantify the seasonal differences in effects of leaf habit,species identity,initial diameter,neighborhood interaction and stand environment on tree absolute diameter growth rates in a subtropical forest in *** We used man-made dendrometer bands to record radial increments of all trees with diameter at breast height(DBH)≥5 cm and height≥3 m within 25 comparative study plots(30×30 m for each)of the‘Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Experiment China’(BEF-China)in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province,*** measured stem circumferences twice a year from 2011 to 2014 to calculate absolute diameter growth rate of a warm and wet season(WWS,April to September)and a dry and cold season(DCS,October to the next March)for each individual tree:annual growth(GR_(year)),growth during the WWS(GR_(WWS))and growth during the DCS(GR_(DCS)).We firstly tested the differences in growth rates between different seasons using paired t-tests with Bonferroni *** we applied linear mixed models to explore the effects of leaf habit,species identity,initial diameter,neighborhood interaction(indicated by richness,density and total basal area of all neighboring trees within a radius of 5 m around target trees),stand age and topography(elevation,slope and aspect)on tree growth rates of the two different seasons in three deciduous and 14 evergreen *** Findings GR_(year),GR_(WWS)and GR_(DCS)varied between 0.04-0.50 cm year^(−1)(mean=0.21),0.03-0.46 cm season^(−1)(mean=0.18)and 0.01-0.05 cm season^(−1)(mean=0.03)across the 17 species,***_(WWS)was significantly higher than GR_(DCS)for all *** rates of faster growing species tended to have larger absolute differences between the WWS and *** growth rates of both seasons and of the year(GR_(year),GR_(WWS)and GR_(DCS))varied significantly among leaf habit and species,and increased allometrically with initial diameter,decreased with stand age,but were not significa

关键词： BEF-China deciduous trees evergreen trees neighborhood interaction species richness

HDAC inhibitors with potential to overcome drug resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第1期5卷 64-79页

作者： bernhard Biersack Bianca Nitzsche Michael Hopfner Organic Chemistry Laboratory University of BayreuthBayreuth 95440Germany Institute of Physiology Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 10117Germany

Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the development and persistence of cancer,and histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors are promising anticancer drugs targeting epigenetic *** anticancer drugs for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)are sought,and approved HDAC inhibitors have shown promising results on the one hand and severe drawbacks on the other ***,ways to break the drug resistance mechanisms of existing HDAC inhibitors as well as the design of new promising HDAC inhibitors which can overcome the disadvantages of the classic HDAC inhibitors are of great *** this work,HDAC inhibitors with the potential to become a mainstay for the treatment of CRPC in the future as well as suitable combination treatments of HDAC inhibitors with other anticancer drugs leading to considerable synergistic effects in treated CRPCs are discussed.

关键词： Histone deacetylases HDAC inhibitors castration-resistant prostate cancer drug resistance

UV-LED projection photolithography for high-resolution functional photonic components

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第4期7卷 149-159页

作者： Lei Zheng Urs Zywietz Tobias Birr Martin Duderstadt Ludger Overrmeyer bernhard Roth Carsten Reinhardt Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies Leibniz University HannoverHannoverLower Saxony 30167Germany Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD(Photonics Opticsand Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines)HannoverLower Saxony 30167Germany Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V HannoverLower Saxony 30167Germany Institute of Transport and Automation Technology Leibniz University HannoverGarbsenLower Saxony 30823Germany Bremen University of Applied Science BremenBremen 28199Germany

The advancement of micro-and nanostructuring techniques in optics is driven by the demand for continuous miniaturization and the high geometrical accuracy of photonic devices and integrated ***,UV-LED projection photolithography is demonstrated as a simple and low-cost approach for rapid generation of two-dimensional optical micro-and nanostructures with high resolution and accuracy using standard optics *** developed system enables the projection of structure patterns onto a substrate with 1000-fold *** devices,e.g.,waveguides and microring resonators,on rigid or flexible substrates with varied geometrical complexity and overall structure dimensions from the nanometer to centimeter scale were successfully *** particular,high-resolution gratings with feature sizes down to 150 nm and periods as small as 400 nm were realized for the first time by this *** made of doped laser active materials were fabricated,and their spontaneous emission was *** demonstrated superior performance of the developed approach may find wide applications in photonics,plasmonics,and optical materials science,among others.

关键词： projection resolution optics

Biodiversity effects and transgressive overyielding

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第2期1卷 95-102页

作者： bernhard Schmid Andy Hector Prasenjit Saha Michel Loreau Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Physics Institute University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Biology McGill University1205 ave Docteur PenfieldMontrealQuebecCanada H3A 1B1

Aims The potential for mixtures of plant species to produce more biomass than every one of their constituent species in monoculture is still controversially discussed in the *** we tested how this socalled transgressive overyielding is affected by variation between and within species in monoculture yields in biodiversity *** We use basic statistical principles to calculate expected maximum monoculture yield in a species pool used for a biodiversity *** a real example we show how between-and withinspecies variance components in monoculture yields can be *** the two components we estimate the importance of sampling bias in transgressive overyielding *** Findings The net biodiversity effect(difference between mixture and average monoculture yield)needed to achieve transgressive overyielding increases with the number of species in a mixture and with the variation between constituent species in monoculture *** there is no significant variation between species,transgressive overyielding should not be calculated using the best monoculture,because in this case the difference between this species and the other species could exclusively reflect a sampling *** sampling bias decreases with increasing variation between *** for transgressive overyielding require replicated species’***,it can be doubted whether such an emphasis on monocultures in biodiversity experiments is justified if an analysis of transgressive overyielding is not the major goal.

关键词： biodiversity experiments mixtures monocultures overyielding analysis sampling bias