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Macroscopically-Zoned Grandite from the Garnetite Skarn of Meka Presedla(Kopaonik Mountain,Serbia)

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第2期86卷 393-406页

作者： Pavle TANCIC Predrag VULIC Reinhard KAINDL bernhard SARTORY Radovan DIMITRIJEVIC Geological Institute of Serbia BelgradeSerbia Department of Crystallography Faculty of Mining and GeologyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia 3 Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

The macroscopically-zoned grandite from the garnetite skarn of Meka Presedla （Kopaonik Mountain, Serbia） was studied with optical microscopy, electron microprobe analysis （EMPA）, Fourier transform infra-red （FT-IR）, and Raman methods. The EMPA results indicate that the main core-rim compositional variations （Ca2.93-2.97Mn0.05-0.06Mg0.00-0.01AI1.14-L26 Fe0.72-0.83 Ti0.00-0.02Si2.97-3.02012） slightly differ along the zones, showing evidence for a quasi-cyclic alternation of the oscillatory zoning nature. Among this, considerable variation is observed only by the AI-Fe3＋ substitutions in the octahedral site. The EMPA also indicate that the grandite zones compositionally vary, mostly within ＋1 and ±2 mol% of the homogeneity level range, that is, Grs64±1Adra36±1SpS2 （A）, Grs62±1Adra38±1Sps2 （B）, Grs59±2Adr40±2Sps2 （C）, Grs58±2Adr41±2Sps2 （D）, and Grss±1Adr41±1Sps2 （E）. Therefore, the investigated garnet can be considered as relatively highly homogeneous. The majority of compositions lie within the narrow miscibility region of 0.58±2〈XGrs〈0.64±1, without gaps, and with only three outliers near the zone boundaries of approximately 0.38〈XGrs〈0.52. FT-IR and Raman bands are almost constant within the zones and adequate to the chemical compositions. All of the zones should be considered as anhydrous. From the results, formation temperatures between -600 and 720℃ and pressures 0f-2-3 kbars, are derived. Among five possible causes for the slightly optical anisotropy of grandite, three were reconsidered, and consequently rejected.

关键词： grandite anisotropy compositional variation zone homogeneities miscibility region

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Multiscale structural analysis inspired by exceptional load cases concerning the immersed tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

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Underground Space 2018年第4期3卷 252-267页

作者： Hui Wang Eva Binder Herbert Mang Yong Yuan bernhard Pichler Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures TU Wien–Vienna University of TechnologyKarlsplatz 13/202A-1040 ViennaAustria College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina

This paper contains an assessment of the added value of multiscale material models for concrete in the context of macroscopic struc-tural analysis of(steel-reinforced)concrete *** examples are *** are inspired by the possibility of car accidents inside the immersed tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB).The first example deals with vehicles crashing into the tunnel *** high-dynamic strengthening effect of concrete is studied based on an engineering mechanics *** structural nature of the dynamic strength increase factor(DIF)is demonstrated by means of high-dynamic strength values measured on mortar cylinders of different ***,the evolution of the DIF as a function of hardening of concrete at material ages beyond 28 days is studied.A validated multiscale model for concrete renders a customized analysis for the specific concrete used for the aforementioned tunnel *** is found that the DIF decreases with progressive hardening of concrete at material ages beyond 28 *** second example is inspired by tunnel fires as may happen after car *** study refers to thermal stresses in steel-reinforced concrete beams sub-jected to sudden *** thermal expansion coefficient of the concrete of the tunnel is quantified by means of a multiscale *** is used as input for linear thermo-mechanical Finite-Element simulations of steel-reinforced concrete *** essential macroscopic simulation results are temperature distributions and associated stress *** are employed for top-down quantification of micro-scopic stress states inside the cement paste and the *** allows for quantifying two sources of microstructural stress fluctu-ations:(i)the macro-to-micro stress concentration and(ii)the mismatch of microscopic thermal expansion *** both examples,the multiscale models for concrete have increased the informative content of the structural simulations.

关键词： Concrete linings High-dynamic strength Thermal stresses

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Flash XML applications : use AS2 and AS3 to create photo galleries, menus, and databases

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1000年

作者： Joachim bernhard Schnier

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Tree diversity increases levels of herbivore damage in a subtropical forest canopy:evidence for dietary mixing by arthropods?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 13-27页

作者： Matteo Brezzi bernhard Schmid Pascal A.Niklaus Andreas Schuldt Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center University of ZürichWinterthurerstr.190CH-8057 ZürichSwitzerland Institute of Ecology Animal Ecology GroupLeuphana University LueneburgScharnhorststr.1D-21335 LünebourgGermany

Aims Plant diversity has been linked to both increasing and decreasing levels of arthropod herbivore damage in different plant *** far,these links have mainly been studied in grasslands or in artificial tree plantations with low species ***,most studies provide results from newly established experimental plant communities where trophic links are not fully established or from stands of tree saplings that have not yet developed a ***,we test how tree diversity in a species-rich subtropical forest in China with fully developed tree canopy affects levels of herbivore damage caused by different arthropod feeding *** We established 27 plots of 30×30 m *** plots were selected randomly but with the constraint that they had to span a large range of tree diversity as required for comparative studies in contrast to sample *** recorded herbivore damage caused by arthropod feeding guilds(leaf chewers,leaf skeletonizers and sap feeders)on canopy leaves of all major tree *** Findings Levels of herbivore damage increased with tree species richness and tree phylogenetic *** effects were most pronounced for damage caused by leaf *** the two diversity measures were highly correlated,we additionally found a significant interaction between them,whereby species richness increased herbivory mostly at low levels of phylogenetic *** species with the lowest proportion of canopy leaf biomass in a plot tended to suffer the highest levels of herbivore damage,which is in contrast to expectations based on the resource concentration *** results are in agreement with expectations of the dietary mixing hypothesis where generalist herbivores with a broad spectrum of food plants benefit from increased resource diversity in tree species-rich forest patches.

关键词： arthropod herbivore damage feeding guilds forest canopy generalist herbivores leaf biomass resource dilution specialist herbivores tree species richness tree phylogenetic diversity

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Attitudes toward forest diversity and forest ecosystem services—a cross-cultural comparison between China and Switzerland

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： Petra Lindemann-Matthies Dominique Keller Xuefei Li bernhard Schmid Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Biology Karlsruhe University of EducationBismarckstrasse 10D-76060 KarlsruheGermany

Aims Despite the current interest in services provided by ecosystems and the role of biodiversity,the relationship among human attitudes,biodiversity and ecosystem services has hardly been ***,few studies have examined attitudes toward nature in cross-cultural *** study investigates the attitudes of Chinese and Swiss people,both environmental experts and laypersons,toward forest biodiversity and ecosystem *** Overall,640 people in China and Switzerland were interviewed with the help of a standardized *** each country,the study population was equally divided into an urban(80 city dwellers and 80 environmental science students)and a rural(80 forest visitors and 80 farmers)study *** 15-minute interviews took place in the cities of Beijing and Zurich and in the rural forested areas of Dujiangyan,Sichuan Province and Lake Sempach,canton *** toward forest biodiversity were investigated with the help of color photographs that depicted both monocultures and speciesrich forests typical for China and *** toward ecosystem services were investigated with the help of 13 statements on provisioning,regulating,cultural and supporting services of *** Findings On average,Chinese participants showed no strong preferences for biodiversity,whereas the Swiss clearly preferred species-rich forests over ***,Chinese environmental science students did prefer species-rich forests and attributed to them a higher conservation value because of their higher *** there were no strong preferences for Chinese versus Swiss forests,all participants correctly answered that Chinese forests are more species rich in terms of plants and animals and thus found them less boring and more interesting,but also less managed,than Swiss *** participants highly valued the ecosystem services provided by forests;especially the regulating and supporting ***

关键词： biodiversity preferences cross-cultural comparison forests valuation of ecosystem services

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Prematurity and the burden of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus disease

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世界儿科杂志:英文版 2016年第1期12卷 8-18页

作者： bernhard Resch Stefan Kurath-Koller Monika Eibisberger Werner Zenz Research Unit for Neonatal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Division of NeonatologyDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of GrazAustria Research Unit for Neonatal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Medical University of GrazAustria Research Unit for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology Division of General PediatricsDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of GrazAustria

Background:Respiratory morbidity of former preterm infants and especially those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is high during infancy and early *** sources:We performed a review based on a literature search including EMBASE,MEDLINE,and CINAHL databases to identify all relevant papers published in the English and German literature on influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection associated with preterm infant,prematurity,and BPD between 1980 and ***:Recurrent respiratory symptoms remain common at preschool age,school age and even into young *** viral respiratory tract infections due to different pathogens cause significant morbidity and necessitate rehospitalizations during the fi rst years of *** uenza virus infection plays a minor role compared to respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)associated respiratory tract infection during infancy and early ***,particular morbidity to both viruses is ***:The particular burden of both viral diseases in preterm infants is dominated by RSV and its associated rehospitalizations during the fi rst two years of *** measures include vaccination against influenza virus of family members and caregivers and active immunization starting at the age of 6 months,and monthly injections of palivizumab during the cold season to avoid severe RSV disease and its sequelae.

关键词： bronchopulmonary dysplasia infl uenza preterm infant respiratory infectious disease respiratory syncytial virus

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Intracellular Communication

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Molecular Plant 2014年第7期7卷 1071-1074页

作者： bernhard Grimm, Kayatoon Dehesh, Lixin Zhang Dario Leister Guest Editors

Gene expression of the nuclear, plastid, and mitochon- drial genomes in plants is mutually dependent and highly coordinately regulated. This ensures adequate synthesis of proteins functioning in common protein complexes for organellar gene expression and energy-transducing activities in chloroplasts and mitochondria. The concept of intracellular communication includes an anterograde and retrograde signaling network between nucleus and the two organelles, enabling this interactive exchange of information essential for cellular hemostasis. By definition, the intracellular communication is based on the inter-orga- nellar reciprocity whereby the transcriptional activities in the nucleus are regulated in part by signaling pathways derived from plastids and mitochondria （retrograde sign- aling）, while the organellar gene expression is controlled by information received form the nucleus （anterograde signaling）.

关键词： Gene expression plastid mitochondrial genomes

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Effects of plant species richness on stand structure and productivity

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第2期2卷 95-106页

作者： Luca Wacker Oksana Baudois Susann Eichenberger-Glinz bernhard Schmid Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Aboveground biomass production commonly increases with species richness in plant biodiversity *** is known about the direct mechanisms that cause this *** tested if by occupying different heights and depths above and below ground,and by optimizing the vertical distribution of leaf nitrogen,species in mixtures can contribute to increased resource uptake and,thus,increased productivity of the community in comparison with *** We grew 24 grassland plant species,grouped into four nonoverlapping species pools,in monoculture and 3-and 6-species mixture in spatially heterogeneous and uniform soil nutrient *** harvests of above-and belowground biomass,as well as leaf nitrogen and light measurements,were taken to assess vertical canopy and root space *** Findings The distribution of leaf mass was shifted toward greater heights and light absorption was correspondingly enhanced in *** ever,only some mixtures had leaf nitrogen concentration profiles predicted to optimize whole-community carbon gain,whereas in other mixtures species seemed to behave more‘selfish’.Nevertheless,even in these communities,biomass production increased with species *** distribution of root biomass below ground did not change from monocultures to three-and six-species mixtures and there was also no indication that mixtures were better than monocultures at extracting heterogeneously as compared to homogeneously distributed soil *** conclude that positive biodiversity effect on aboveground biomass production cannot easily be explained by a single or few common mechanisms of differential space ***,it seems that mechanisms vary with the particular set of species combined in a community.

关键词： biodiversity effects heterogeneous nutrient distribution leaf nitrogen allocation root biomass distribution spatial niche separation

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Recycling of Solanum Sucrose Transporters Expressed in Yeast, Tobacco, and in Mature Phloem Sieve Elements

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Molecular Plant 2010年第6期3卷 1064-1074页

作者： Johannes Liesche Hong-Xia He bernhard Grimm Alexander Schulz Christina Kuhn Humboldt University Institute of Biology Plant Physiology Philippstraβe 13 Building 12 10115 Berlin Germany Plant Physiology and Anatomy Laboratory Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Life Sciences Copenhagen University Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark

The plant sucrose transporter SUT1 （from Solanum tuberosum, S. lycopersicum, or Zea mays） exhibits redoxdependent dimerization and targeting if heterologously expressed in S. cerevisiae （Krtigel et al., 2008）. It was also shown that SUT1 is present in motile vesicles when expressed in tobacco cells and that its targeting to the plasma membrane is reversible. StSUT1 is internalized in the presence of brefeldin A （BFA） in yeast, plant cells, and in mature sieve elements as confirmed by immunolocalization. These results were confirmed here and the dynamics of intracellular SUT1 localization were further elucidated. Inhibitor studies revealed that vesicle movement of SUT1 is actin-dependent. BFA-mediated effects might indicate that anterograde vesicle movement is possible even in mature sieve elements, and could involve components of the cytoskeleton that were previously thought to be absent in SEs. Our results are in contradiction to this old dogma of plant physiology and the potential of mature sieve elements should therefore be re-evaluated. In addition, SUT1 internalization was found to be dependent on the plasma membrane lipid composition. SUT1 belongs to the detergent-resistant membrane （DRM） fraction in planta and is targeted to membrane raft-like microdomains when expressed in yeast （Kr（igel et al,, 2008）, Here, SUT1-GFP expression in different yeast mutants, which were unable to perform en- docytosis and/or raft formation, revealed a strong link between SUT1 raft localization, the sterol composition and mem- brane potential of the yeast plasma membrane, and the capacity of the SUT1 protein to be internalized by endocytosis. The results provide new insight into the regulation of sucrose transport and the mechanism of endocytosis in plant cells.

关键词： Transporters membrane proteins phloem physiology protein targeting potato.

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Leaf area increases with species richness in young experimental stands of subtropical trees

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 128-135页

作者： Siyi Peng bernhard Schmid Josephine Haase Pascal A.Niklaus Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZürichSwitzerland

Aims Most biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research has been carried out in grassland ecosystems,and little is known about whether forest ecosystems,in particular outside the temperate zone,respond ***,we tested whether productivity,assessed as leaf area index(LAI),increases with species richness in young experimental stands of subtropical trees,whether this response is similar for early-season leaf area(which is dominated by evergreens)and seasonal leaf area increase(which is dominated by deciduous species),and whether responses saturate at high species *** We used a planted tree biodiversity experiment in south-east China to test our *** was determined three times by digital hemispheric photography in 144 plots that had been planted with 400 trees each,forming communities with 1,2,4,8 or 16 tree *** Findings LAI increased significantly with tree species richness in the fifth year of stand ***,but weaker,statistically non-significant trends were observed 1 year *** did not observe leaf area overyielding and the presence of particularly productive and unproductive species explained large amounts of variation in leaf area,suggesting that selection-type effects contributed substantially to the biodiversity effects we found in this early phase of stand *** sizes were moderate to large and comparable in magnitude to the ones reported for grassland ***(and tropical)forests harbor substantial parts of global net primary production and are critical for the Earth’s carbon and hydrological cycle,and our results suggest that tree diversity critically supports these ecosystem services.

关键词： BEF-China digital hemispheric photography field biodiversity experiment overyielding subtropical forest

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