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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第2期8卷 153-171页

作者： Carolin Klonner Christopher Barron Pascal Neis bernhard Hofle Department of Geography University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany

OpenStreetMap(OSM)currently represents the most popular project of Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI):geodata are collected by common people and made available for public *** Laser Scanning(ALS)enables the acquisition of high-resolution digital elevation models that are used for many *** study combines the advantages of both ALS and OSM,offering a promising new approach that enhances data quality and allows change detection:the mainly up-to-date 2D data of OSM can be combined with the high-resolution–but rarely updated–elevation information provided by *** case study investigates building objects of OSM and ALS data of the city of Bregenz,*** quality of OSM is discerned by the comparison of building footprints using different true positive definitions(*** area).High quality of OSM data is revealed,yet also limitations of each method with respect to heterogeneous regions and building outlines are *** the first time,an up-to-date Digital Surface Model(DSM)combining 2D OSM and ALS data is achieved.A multitude of applications such as flood simulations and solar potential assessments can directly benefit from this data combination,since their value and reliability strongly depend on an up-to-date DSM.

关键词： OpenStreetMap airborne laser scanning change detection 3D modelling up-to-date digital surface models

Peptide self-assembly into lamellar phases and the formation of lipid-peptide nanostructures

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Nano Research 2018年第2期11卷 913-928页

作者： Karin Kornmueller bernhard Lehofer Gerd Leitinger Heinz Amenitsch Ruth Prassl Institute of Biophysics Medical University of Graz BioTechMed-Graz Graz Austria Institute of Cell Biology Histology and Embryology Research Unit Electron Microscopic Techniques Medical University of Graz Graz Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

Lipids exhibit an extraordinary polymorphism in self-assembled mesophases, with lamellar phases as the most relevant biological representative. To mimic lipid lamellar phases with amphiphilic designer peptides, seven systematically varied short peptides were engineered. Indeed, four peptide candidates （V4D, V4WD, V4WD2, I4WD2） readily self-assembled into lamellae in aqueous solution. Small-angle X-ray scattering （SAXS） patterns revealed ordered lamellar structures with a repeat distance of 4-5 nm. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） images confirmed the presence of stacked sheets. Two derivatives （V3D and V4D2） remained as loose aggregates dispersed in solution; one peptide （L4WD2） formed twisted tapes with internal lameUae and an antiparaUel -type monomer aligrtment. To understand the interaction of peptides with lipids, they were mixed with phosphatidylcholines. Low peptide concentrations （1.1 mM） induced the formation of a heterogeneous mixture of vesicular structures. Large multilamellar vesicles （MLV, d-spacing - 6.3 nm） coexisted with oligo- or unilamellar vesicles （- 50 nm in diameter） and bicelle-like structures （- 45 nm length, - 18 nm width）. High peptide concentrations （11 mM） led to unilamellar vesicles （ULV, diameter - 260-280 nm） with a homogeneous mixing of lipids and peptides. SAXS revealed the temperature-dependent fine structure of these ULVs. At 25 ℃ the bilayer is in a fully Interdigitated state （headgroup-to-headgroup distance dH, -2.9 nm）, whereas at 50 ℃this interdigitation opens up （dtm- 3.6 nm）. Our results highlight the versatility of self-assembled peptide superstructures. Subtle changes in the amino acid composition are key design elements in creating peptide- or lipid- peptide nanostructures with richness in morphology similar to that of naturally occurrin~ lioids.

关键词： amphiphilic designerpeptides lipids nanostructures lamellae small-angle X-rayscattering (SAXS) transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM)

A High Order Sharp-Interface Method with Local Time Stepping for Compressible Multiphase Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第1期9卷 205-230页

作者： Angela Ferrari Claus-Dieter Munz bernhard Weigand Institute of Aerodynamics and Gasdynamics University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 21D-70569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Aerospace Thermodynamics University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 31D-70569 StuttgartGermany

In this paper,a new sharp-interface approach to simulate compressible multiphase flows is *** new scheme consists of a high order WENO finite volume scheme for solving the Euler equations coupled with a high order pathconservative discontinuous Galerkin finite element scheme to evolve an indicator function that tracks the material *** the interface our method applies ghost cells to compute the numerical flux,as the ghost fluid ***,unlike the original ghost fluid scheme of Fedkiw et al.[15],the state of the ghost fluid is derived from an approximate-state Riemann solver,similar to the approach proposed in[25],but based on a much simpler *** formulation leads only to one single scalar nonlinear algebraic equation that has to be solved at the interface,instead of the system used in[25].Away from the interface,we use the new general Osher-type flux recently proposed by Dumbser and Toro[13],which is a simple but complete Riemann solver,applicable to general hyperbolic conservation *** time integration is performed using a fully-discrete one-step scheme,based on the approaches recently proposed in[5,7].This allows us to evolve the system also with time-accurate local time *** to the sub-cell resolution and the subsequent more restrictive time-step constraint of the DG scheme,a local evolution for the indicator function is applied,which is matched with the finite volume scheme for the solution of the Euler equations that runs with a larger time *** use of a locally optimal time step avoids the introduction of excessive numerical diffusion in the finite volume *** different fluids have been used,namely an ideal gas and a weakly compressible fluid modeled by the Tait *** tests have been computed to assess the accuracy and the performance of the new high order scheme.A verification of our algorithm has been carefully carried out using exact solutions as well as a comparison with other numerical re

关键词： Sharp interface capturing compressible multiphase flows one-step time-integration time-accurate local time stepping modified ghost fluid method WENO schemes discontinuous Galerkin methods

PD-L1 in the palm of your hand:palmitoylation as a target for immuno-oncology

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2019年第1期4卷 528-529页

作者： Andreas von Knethen bernhard Brüne Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry Faculty of MedicineGoethe-University FrankfurtTheodor-Stern-Kai 760590 Frankfurt am MainGermany

A recent study by Yao et *** in Nature Biomedical Engineering showed the importance of palmitoylation in regulat-ing PD-L1 protein stability and trafficking.1 These researchers developed a competitive inhibitor that blocks PD-L1 palmitoyla-tion,which may provide a new strategy for targeting PD-L1 or other palmitoylated membrane proteins(Fig.1).

关键词： al. competitive traffic

Complementarity among species in horizontal versus vertical rooting space

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第1期1卷 33-41页

作者： Stefanie von Felten bernhard Schmid Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Zurich8057 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Plant Sciences ETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Many experiments have shown a positive effect of species richness on productivity in grassland plant ***,it is poorly understood how environmental conditions affect this *** aimed to test whether deep soil and limiting nutrient conditions increase the complementarity effect(CE)of species richness due to enhanced potential for resource *** We grew monocultures and mixtures of four common grassland species in pots on shallow and deep soil,factorially combined with two nutrient *** volume was kept constant to avoid confounding soil depth and *** an additive partitioning method,we separated biodiversity effects on plant productivity into components due to species complementarity and *** findings Net biodiversity and complementarity effects were consistently higher in shallow pots,which was unexpected,and at the low nutrient *** two results suggest that although belowground partitioning of resources was important,especially under low nutrient conditions,it was not due to differences in rooting *** conclude that in our experiment(i)horizontal root segregation might have been more important than the partitioning of rooting depths and(ii)that the positive effects of deep soil found in other studies were due to the combination of deeper soil with larger soil volume.

关键词： biodiversity effects nutrient limitation resource partitioning root competition soil depth

A user perspective on future cloud-based services for Big Earth data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第12期14卷 1758-1774页

作者： Julia Wagemann Stephan Siemen bernhard Seeger Jörg Bendix Laboratory of Climatology and Remote Sensing(LCRS) Faculty of GeographyUniversity of Marburg Forecast Department European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Marburg

Cloud-based services introduce a paradigm shift in how users access,process and analyse Big Earth data.A key challenge is to align the current state of how users access,process and analyse the data with trends and roadmaps large data organisations *** addition,due to the increased availability of open data,a more diverse user base wants to take advantage of Earth science data leading to new user *** run a web-based survey among Big Earth data users to better understand the motivation to migrate to cloud-based services as well as the challenges and opportunities that might *** show an overall interest in moving to cloud-based services but air an insufficient literacy in cloud systems and a lack of trust due to security concerns and opacity of emerging *** gaps demand efforts on three ***,cloud services shall be targeted at intermediate users instead of policy-and decision-makers and over-engineered systems with a high level of abstraction should be ***,more substantial capacity-building efforts are required to decrease the existing gap in cloud skills and ***,a cloud certification mechanism could help in building up overall trust in cloud-based services.

关键词： User requirements cloudbased services Big Earth data open data

Drug treatment of male fertility disorders

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2000年第2期2卷 81-85页

作者： Gerhard Haidl Frank-Michael Kohn Wolf-bernhard Schill Department of Dermatology University of Bonn GermanyDepartment of Dermatology and Allergology Techological University of Munich GermanyCenter of Dermatology and Andrology University of Giessen Germany

Drug treatment remains an active domain in the therapy of male fertility disorders. Although there are only a fewconditions that allow causal treatment, rational approaches are possible in many cases. Best results are obtained in casesrequiring an anti-inflammatory treatment and in patients with an impaired sperm transport. High-dosage administrationof FSH is a promising new development, aimed particularly at improving the disturbed sperm structures. A careful di-agnostic work-up with elucidation of the underlying disease is essential to achieve a successful therapy.

关键词： male fertility agents drug therapy treatment recommendations

Simulating the evolution of a clonal trait in plants with sexual and vegetative reproduction

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第3期1卷 161-171页

作者： Markus Fischer Eckart Winkler bernhard Schmid Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 1D-14469 PotsdamGermany Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZPO Box 500135D-04301 LeipzigGermany Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Phenotypic optimality models neglect ***,especially when heterozygous genotypes are fittest,evolving allele,genotype and phenotype frequencies may not correspond to predicted *** was not previously addressed for organisms with complex life *** Therefore,we modelled the evolution of a fitness-relevant trait of clonal plants,stolon internode *** explored the likely case of an asymmetric unimodal fitness profile with three model *** constant selection models(CSMs),which are gametic,but not spatially explicit,evolving allele frequencies in the one-locus and fiveloci cases did not correspond to optimum stolon internode length predicted by the spatially explicit,but not gametic,phenotypic *** deviation was due to the asymmetry of the fitness ***,spatially explicit individual-based(SEIB)modeling allowed us relaxing the CSM assumptions of constant selection with exclusively sexual *** findings For entirely vegetative or sexual reproduction,predictions of the gametic SEIB model were close to the ones of spatially explicit nongametic phenotypic models,but for mixed modes of reproduction they approximated those of gametic,not spatially explicit ***,in contrast to gametic SEIB models,phenotypic models and,especially for few loci,also CSMs can be very *** conclude that the evolution of traits governed by few quantitative trait loci appears hardly predictable by simple models,that genetic algorithms aiming at technical optimization may actually miss the optimum and that selection may lead to loci with smaller effects in derived compared with ancestral lines.

关键词： clonal plants ecological and evolutionary modelling genetic variation life-history evolution optimal life histories simulation model

Analysis of Solidification of High Manganese Steels Using Improved Differential Thermal Analysis Method

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2015年第8期22卷 709-714页

作者： Chang-ling ZHUANG Jian-hua LIU Christian bernhard Peter PRESOLY Engineering Research Institute University of Science and Technology Beijing Chair of Metallurgy Montanuniversitat Leoben

High manganese steels can damage the differential thermal analysis （DTA） instrument due to the manganese evaporation during high temperature experiments. After analyzing the relationship between residual oxygen and manganese evaporation, tanta- lum metal was employed to modify the crucible of DTA, and zirconium getter together with strict gas purification measures were applied to control the volatilization of manganese. By these modifications, problems of thermocouple damage and DTA instrument contamination were successfully resolved. Cobalt samples were adopted to calibrate the accuracy of DTA instruments under the same trial condition of high manganese steel samples, and the detection error was confirmed to be less than 1 ℃. Liquidus and soli- dus temperatures of high Mn steels were measured by improved DTA method. It was found that the liquidus temperatures of sam- ples tested by experiments increased linearly with the heating rates. To eliminate the effects of the heating rate, equilibrium liquidus temperature was determined by fitting the liquidus temperatures at different heating rates, and referred as real liquidus temperature. No clear relationship between solidus temperatures and heating rates was found, and the solidus temperature was finally set as the average value of several experimental data.

关键词： DTA high manganese steel solidification liquidus temperature solidus temperature

Costs of resistance to fungal pathogens in genetically modified wheat

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 101-112页

作者： Simon L.Zeller Olena Kalinina bernhard Schmid Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Many resistance genes against fungal pathogens show costs of *** modified(GM)plants that differ in only one or a few resistance genes from control plants present ideal systems for measuring these costs in the absence of *** To assess the ecological relevance of costs of pathogen resistance,we grew individual plants of four transgenic spring wheat lines in a field trial with three pathogen levels and varied the genetic diversity of the *** Findings We found that two lines with a Pm3b transgene were more resistant to powdery mildew than their sister lines of the variety Bobwhite,whereas lines with chitinase(A9)or chitinase and glucanase(A13)transgenes were not more resistant than their mother variety ***,in the absence of the pathogen,both the GM lines of Bobwhite as well as those of Frisal performed significantly worse than their controls,***3b#1 and Pm3b#2 had 39%or 53%and A9 and A13 had 14%or 23%lower *** the presence of the pathogen,all GM lines except Pm3b#2 could increase their yields and other fitness-related traits,reaching the performance levels of the control *** Pm3b#2 seemed to have lost its phenotypic plasticity and had low performance in all *** may have been caused by very high transgene *** synergistic effects of mixing different GM lines with each other were *** might have been due to high transgene expression or the similarity between the lines regarding their resistance *** conclude that costs of resistance can be high for transgenic plants with constitutive transgene expression and that this can occur even in cases where the non-transgenic control lines are already relatively resistant,such as in our variety *** plants could only compete with conventional varieties in environments with high pathogen ***,the large variability among the GM lines,which may be due to unpredictable transgene expression,su

关键词： powdery mildew resistance genes transgene expression transgene stacking yield