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Simulated patient methodology as a“gold standard”in community pharmacy practice:Response to criticism

World Journal of Methodology 2024年第2期14卷 172-174页

作者： Christian Kunow bernhard langer Department of Health NursingManagementNeubrandenburg University of Applied SciencesNeubrandenburg 17033Germany

The simulated patient methodology(SPM)is considered the“gold standard”as covert participatory *** is attracting increasing interest for the investigation of community pharmacy practice;however,there is criticism that SPM can only show a small picture of everyday pharmacy practice and therefore has limited external *** the one hand,a certain design and application of the SPM goes hand in hand with an increase in external *** if,on the other hand,this occurs at the expense of internal validity due to the trade-off situation,the justified criticism of the SPM for investigating community pharmacy practice can be countered.

关键词： Simulated patient methodology Community pharmacy Gold standard Covert participatory observation Internal validity External validity

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Assessment of Counselling for Acute Diarrhoea in North-Eastern German Pharmacies—A Follow-Up Study Using the Simulated Patient Methodology

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第7期9卷 257-269页

作者： bernhard langer Michael Kieper Sonja Laube Juliane Schramm Sophia Weber Alexander Werwath Department of Health Nursing Management Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg Germany

Aim: As the primary aim of this study, we analysed whether the quality of advice provided by pharmacies in the period between 2014 (baseline study) and 2017 (follow-up study) could actually be increased using a single written performance feedback given to each pharmacy in 2014. The secondary aim of the follow-up examination was to analyse whether the quality of advice differed depending on the professional group providing the advice. Methodology: To ensure the least possible distortion in the comparison between the baseline and the follow-up studies, the study design used for the follow-up examination in 2017 was not changed compared to the baseline examination in 2014. The data for the follow-up examination were therefore collected using the simulated patient method in all 21 pharmacies in a city in the north-east of Germany. Three female and two male test buyers used four different scenarios for self-medication of acute diarrhoea in all of the pharmacies (a total of 84 test purchases). Results: There were significant differences between the overall results from the baseline study (2014) and the follow-up study (2017) (Wilcoxon signed rank test;z = –2.065, p = 0.039, r = 0.225). In the overall average, the pharmacies in 2017 achieved only 2.7 (30%) of 9 possible points whereas in 2014 they achieved 3.3 (37%). The quality of advice between the professional groups did not show any significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis test: χ2(2) = 1.946;p = 0.378, r = 0.027). Conclusions: The quality of advice for acute diarrhoea in adults declined over time. A written performance feedback intended to improve the quality proved ineffective. Interventions with a far greater impact are required to achieve an improvement in the quality of advice provided.

关键词： Over-the-Counter Medication Pharmacies Acute Diarrhoea Quality of Advice Simulated Patient Method

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