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Simulation of Mould Level Velocities During Continuous Casting of Round Bloom Strands With Mould-Electromagnetic Stirring

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第S2期19卷 884-887页

作者： BARNAMartin JAVUREK Mirko REITER Jurgen WATZINGER Josef kaufmann bernhard HACKL Gemot Institute for Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer Johannes-Kepler-University-Linz Voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH and Co KG Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH and Co Voestalpine Stahl GmbH RHI AG Technology Center Leoben

In modern continuous casting of round steel blooms rotating electromagnetic fields are commonly employed to improve the product ***-electromagnetic stirrers(M-EMS)are used to excite a rotary motion along the solidification front in the liquid *** velocities lead to a better strand surface quality as well as enhancing the transition from columnar to equiaxed *** the usage of electromagnetic stirrers is widespread,not all effects are fully known or *** to harsh conditions at the plant,measurements are scarce and *** model experiments-an established alternative for investigating continuous casting of steel-cannot be used due to the low electrical conductivity of *** with liquid metals like mercury,Galinstan or Wood’s metal are either expensive or difficult to *** numeric simulations are essential to gain a better understanding of the processes involved in continuous casting with electromagnetic *** numeric simulations should always be validated with experiments and/or *** the velocity field inside the liquid core of the bloom cannot be measured at the caster,the velocity at the mould level can be measured by dipping a nail into *** skull forming at the tip of the nail is directly linked to the occurring surface *** measurements can then be compared with numeric simulations of the nail dipping *** numeric model is restricted to the upper part of the *** lower part of the strand is also taken into account through adjusted boundary conditions(velocity field *** from a simulation of the whole strand).In this work the influence of the stirring field strength on the simulation results will be *** the future these nail dipping simulations will be validated with plant *** can then to a certain extentvalidate the simulation of the strand with M-EMS too,as it serves as the basis for the nail dipping model.

关键词： continuous casting of steel mould-electromagnetic stirring velocity measurements finite volume method

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带结晶器电磁搅拌的大圆坯连铸的数值模拟

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世界钢铁 2012年第5期12卷 29-33+59页

作者： Martin Barna Mirko Javurek Jürgen Reiter Josef Watzinger bernhard kaufmann Marcus Kirschen 孟庆玉约翰开普勒林茨大学流体力学和传热研究所

在圆坯连铸中,结晶器电磁搅拌器(M-EMS)是常见的改善钢流内流场的手段。众所周知,液芯的流动对最终产品的质量有着重要影响,用M-EMS能优化凝固前沿的流速,进一步促进柱状晶向等轴晶的转变,进而改善铸坯的表面和皮下缺陷。在奥钢联多纳... 详细信息

在圆坯连铸中,结晶器电磁搅拌器(M-EMS)是常见的改善钢流内流场的手段。众所周知,液芯的流动对最终产品的质量有着重要影响,用M-EMS能优化凝固前沿的流速,进一步促进柱状晶向等轴晶的转变,进而改善铸坯的表面和皮下缺陷。在奥钢联多纳维茨钢厂,绝大多数产品的生产都应用了M-EMS。由于在奥钢联多纳维茨钢厂的恶劣环境下难于进行测量,因此研究采用数值模拟的方法。连铸过程1:1比例的物理模拟也很难实现,因为水的传导率太低,且液态金属不透明或金属处理难,因此数值模拟就成为获得整个过程较好的重要手段。数值模型考虑了流场和电磁场的完全耦合,许多物理问题都用最优参数进行模拟,流场用商业有限元CFD编码软件FLUENT进行计算,电磁场用商业有限元求解器ANSYSEMAG计算。采用这种方法可以研究各种参数对流场和凝固组织的影响,也能揭示搅拌频率和搅拌强度的变化对液芯内部流场的影响。应用数值模拟能够加深对电磁场下连铸过程的认识,也能够找到优化的参数。

关键词：电磁搅拌钢的连铸数值模拟工厂试验

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Retrograde signaling in plants: A critical review focusing on the GUN pathway and beyond

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Plant Communications 2023年第1期4卷 304-323页

作者： Andreas S.Richter Thomas Nägele bernhard Grimm Kerstin kaufmann Michael Schroda Dario Leister Tatjana Kleine Physiology of Plant Metabolism Institute for BiosciencesUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.318059 RostockGermany Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology Faculty of BiologyLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinPhilippstr.1310115 BerlinGermany Plant Cell and Molecular Biology Institute of BiologyHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinPhilippstr.1310115 BerlinGermany Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology TU KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany Plant Molecular Biology(Botany) Faculty of BiologyLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany

Plastids communicate their developmental and physiological status to the nucleus via retrograde signaling,allowing nuclear gene expression to be adjusted *** during plastid biogenesis and responses of mature chloroplasts to environmental changes are designated“biogenic”and“operational”controls,respectively.A prominent example of the investigation of biogenic signaling is the screen for gun(genomes uncoupled)*** the first five gun mutants were identified 30 years ago,the functions of GUN proteins in retrograde signaling remain controversial,and that of GUN1 is hotly ***,we provide background information and critically discuss recently proposed concepts that address GUN-related signaling and some novel gun ***,considering heme as a candidate in retrograde signaling,we revisit the spatial organization of heme biosynthesis and export from *** this review focuses on GUN pathways,we also highlight recent progress in the identification and elucidation of chloroplast-derived signals that regulate the acclimation response in green algae and ***,stress-induced accumulation of unfolded/misassembled chloroplast proteins evokes a chloroplast-specific unfolded protein response,which leads to changes in the expression levels of nucleus-encoded chaperones and proteases to restore plastid protein *** also address the importance of chloroplast-derived signals for activation of flavonoid biosynthesis leading to production of anthocyanins during stress acclimation through sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase ***,a framework for identification and quantification of intercompartmental signaling cascades at the proteomic and metabolomic levels is provided,and we discuss future directions of dissection of organelle-nucleus communication.

关键词： chloroplast chloroplast unfolded protein response genomes uncoupled gun retrograde signaling subcellular proteomes subcellular metabolomes

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Warnung

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德语学习 2007年第2期 6-7页

作者： Thomas bernhard

Ein kaufmann aus Koblenz hatte sich im vergangenen Jahr seinen Lebenswunsch erfüllt, die Pyramiden von Gizeh 1 zu besuchen und hatte, nachdem er die Pyramiden besucht gehabt hatte, diesen Besuch als die grte Enttuschung seines Lebens bezeichnen müssen, was ich verstehe, denn ich selbst war im vergangenen Jahr in gypten und vor allem von den Pyramiden enttuscht gewesen. Whrend ich selbst jedoch meine Enttuschung sehr rasch überwunden hatte, rchte der Koblenzer kaufmann seine Enttuschung dadurch, dass er monatelang seitenlange Inserate2 in allen wichtigen Zeitungen Deutschlands, der Schweiz und sterreichs verffentlichte, in welchen er alle zukünftigen Besucher gyptens vor den Pyramiden, vor allem aber vor der berühmten Cheopspyramide, die ihn mehr noch als die andern zutiefst enttuscht hatte, warnte. Der Koblenzer kaufmann hat mit diesen von ihm selbst sogenannten Antigypten und Antipyramidenplakaten in der kürzesten Zeit sein Vermgen aufgebraucht und sich ins totale Unglück gestürzt. Seine Inserate hatten auf die gyptenreisenden naturgemnicht den von ihm erhofften Einflu gehabt, im Gegenteil, vergrerte sich die Zahl derer, die heuer gypten besuchten, gegenüber jenen des Vorjahres um das Doppelte.

关键词： der Warnung

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