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Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation:from acute to late-stage treatment of central nervous system damage

Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第10期12卷 1590-1594页

作者： Petra Henrich-Noack Elena G.Sergeeva bernhard A.Sabel Institute of Medical Psychology Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Department of Emergency Medicine Emory University

Non-invasive brain current stimulation（NIBS） is a promising and versatile tool for inducing neuroplasticity,protection and functional rehabilitation of damaged neuronal *** is technically simple,requires no surgery,and has significant beneficial ***,there are various technical approaches for NIBS which influence neuronal networks in significantly different *** direct current stimulation（t DCS）,alternating current stimulation（ACS） and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） all have been applied to modulate brain activity in animal experiments under normal and pathological *** clinical trials have shown that t DCS,r TMS and ACS induce significant behavioural effects and can – depending on the parameters chosen – enhance or decrease brain excitability and influence performance and learning as well as rehabilitation and protective *** diverse phaenomena and partially opposing effects of NIBS are not yet fully understood and mechanisms of action need to be explored further in order to select appropriate parameters for a given task,such as current type and strength,timing,distribution of current densities and electrode *** this review,we will discuss the various parameters which need to be considered when designing a NIBS protocol and will put them into context with the envisaged applications in experimental neurobiology and medicine such as vision restoration,motor rehabilitation and cognitive enhancement.

关键词： non-invasive brain stimulation transcranial direct current stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation transorbital alternating current stimulation stroke trauma neuroprotection restoration of function

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Effect of bed load supply on sediment transport in mountain streams

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第2期32卷 240-252页

作者： Johannes Kammerlander bernhard Gems Daniel Kβler Markus Aufleger Unit of Hydraulic Engineering University of Innsbruck Austrian Research Centre for Forests Department of Natural Hazards 3. BERNARD Ingenieure ZT GmbH

Mountain streams with their tributary torrents build the upper part of the fluvial *** are important regarding the transfer of sediment from headwaters to lower *** are typically steep with wide grain size distributions,ranging from fine sand up to large boulders,and a stabilized bed *** streams often are supply-limited with respect to mobile bed load,which needs to be addressed when bed load transport equations are applied to such *** better understand supply limitation,laboratory experiments highlighting the effect of bed load supply on incipient motion and bed load transport rate are *** tests were done in which fine bed load was supplied to a previously armored channel bed,with flow conditions ranging from one-third to twice the critical discharge for the bed *** flows not exceeding the critical discharge,the time series of the bed load transport rate at the downstream model boundary featured consistent patterns which are attributed to distinct phases:(i) a temporal lag,(ii) an equilibrium state,and(iii) a post-supply *** load transport occurred even at flows distinctly below that for incipient motion of the bed ***,with the mass of total bed load outflow approaching the supply amount,the mass did not exclusively consist of supplied *** coarser the supplied bed load,the more sediment was mobilized from the bed *** higher flows,processes *** bed load outflow exceeded the supply amount and the break-up of the armor layer caused a refining of the bed surface.

关键词： Bed load transport Bed load supply Mountain stream Experimental modeling

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Plant diversity and community history shift colonization success from early- to mid-successional species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第3期8卷 231-241页

作者： Christiane Roscher Uta Gerighausen bernhard Schmid Ernst-Detlef Schulze UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchDepartment of Community EcologyTheodor-Lieser-Strasse 4D-06120 HalleGermany Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry PO Box 100164D-07701 JenaGermany Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Functional traits are supposed to play an important role in deter-mining the colonization success of new species into established ***-term experimental studies have documented higher resistance of more diverse grasslands against coloni-zation by new ***,little is known about which traits colonizers should have to successfully invade diverse plant communities in the longer term and how community his-tory may modify the resistance of diverse communities against *** In a grassland biodiversity experiment(Jena Experiment)established with different species richness(s;1,2,4,8 and 16)and functional group(Fg)number and composition(1 to 4;legumes,grasses,small herbs,tall herbs),we studied colonization of naturally dispersed species in split-plots(i)with different duration of weeding(never weeded,weeded for 3 or 6 years and then un-weeded for 1 year)and(ii)with different duration of colonization(7 years,4 years and 1 year after cessation of weeding).Important Findingsresistance against colonization by new species declined with increased duration of weeding(on average 13,17 and 22 col-onizer species in 1-,4-and 7-year-old communities,respec-tively).Communities established at low diversity accumulated more colonizer species with a longer duration of weeding than more diverse *** of colonization had only small effects on the number of colonizer *** with early successional traits,*** life cycle,reproduction by seeds,small seeds,long-lived seeds and an earlier start of a longer flowering period,were favoured in species-poor newly established experimental plant communities(short duration of weeding)and early after cessation of weeding(short duration of colonization).a change from early-to mid-successional traits,*** growth,perennial life cycle,vegetative reproduction,characterized colonization at increased plant diversity and in communities with legumes or without *** absence/gr

关键词： abundance-weighted community mean traits biodiversity colonization simple community mean traits species richness

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UV-LED projection photolithography for high-resolution functional photonic components

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第4期7卷 149-159页

作者： Lei Zheng Urs Zywietz Tobias Birr Martin Duderstadt Ludger Overrmeyer bernhard Roth Carsten Reinhardt Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies Leibniz University HannoverHannoverLower Saxony 30167Germany Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD(Photonics Opticsand Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines)HannoverLower Saxony 30167Germany Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V HannoverLower Saxony 30167Germany Institute of Transport and Automation Technology Leibniz University HannoverGarbsenLower Saxony 30823Germany Bremen University of Applied Science BremenBremen 28199Germany

The advancement of micro-and nanostructuring techniques in optics is driven by the demand for continuous miniaturization and the high geometrical accuracy of photonic devices and integrated ***,UV-LED projection photolithography is demonstrated as a simple and low-cost approach for rapid generation of two-dimensional optical micro-and nanostructures with high resolution and accuracy using standard optics *** developed system enables the projection of structure patterns onto a substrate with 1000-fold *** devices,e.g.,waveguides and microring resonators,on rigid or flexible substrates with varied geometrical complexity and overall structure dimensions from the nanometer to centimeter scale were successfully *** particular,high-resolution gratings with feature sizes down to 150 nm and periods as small as 400 nm were realized for the first time by this *** made of doped laser active materials were fabricated,and their spontaneous emission was *** demonstrated superior performance of the developed approach may find wide applications in photonics,plasmonics,and optical materials science,among others.

关键词： projection resolution optics

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Seasonal characteristics and determinants of tree growth in a Chinese subtropical forest

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 4-12页

作者： Xiulian Chi Qiang Guo Jingyun Fang bernhard Schmid Zhiyao Tang Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityNo.5 Yiheyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNo.16 NanxiaojieDongzhimennei AveneDongcheng DistrictBeijing 100700China Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 190Zürich 8057Switzerland

Aims To quantify the seasonal differences in effects of leaf habit,species identity,initial diameter,neighborhood interaction and stand environment on tree absolute diameter growth rates in a subtropical forest in *** We used man-made dendrometer bands to record radial increments of all trees with diameter at breast height(DBH)≥5 cm and height≥3 m within 25 comparative study plots(30×30 m for each)of the‘Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Experiment China’(BEF-China)in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province,*** measured stem circumferences twice a year from 2011 to 2014 to calculate absolute diameter growth rate of a warm and wet season(WWS,April to September)and a dry and cold season(DCS,October to the next March)for each individual tree:annual growth(GR_(year)),growth during the WWS(GR_(WWS))and growth during the DCS(GR_(DCS)).We firstly tested the differences in growth rates between different seasons using paired t-tests with Bonferroni *** we applied linear mixed models to explore the effects of leaf habit,species identity,initial diameter,neighborhood interaction(indicated by richness,density and total basal area of all neighboring trees within a radius of 5 m around target trees),stand age and topography(elevation,slope and aspect)on tree growth rates of the two different seasons in three deciduous and 14 evergreen *** Findings GR_(year),GR_(WWS)and GR_(DCS)varied between 0.04-0.50 cm year^(−1)(mean=0.21),0.03-0.46 cm season^(−1)(mean=0.18)and 0.01-0.05 cm season^(−1)(mean=0.03)across the 17 species,***_(WWS)was significantly higher than GR_(DCS)for all *** rates of faster growing species tended to have larger absolute differences between the WWS and *** growth rates of both seasons and of the year(GR_(year),GR_(WWS)and GR_(DCS))varied significantly among leaf habit and species,and increased allometrically with initial diameter,decreased with stand age,but were not significa

关键词： BEF-China deciduous trees evergreen trees neighborhood interaction species richness

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Impact of a biochar or a biochar-compost mixture on water relation, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis of Phragmites karka

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Pedosphere 2020年第4期30卷 466-477页

作者： Zainul ABIDEEN Hans-Werner KOYRO bernhard HUCHZERMEYER Bilquees GUL M.Ajmal KHAN Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization University of KarachiKarachi 75270(Pakistan) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessen D-35392(Germany) Institute of Botany Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz UniversityHannover D-30419(Germany)

Soil water and nutrient status are both of major importance for plant appearance and growth *** objective of this study was to understand the effect of biochar(1.5%)and a biochar-compost mixture(1.5%biochar+1.5%compost)on the performance of Phragmites karka plants grown on a synthetic nutrient-poor sandy clay soil(50% sand,30% clay,and 20% gravel).Indicators of plant performance,such as growth,lignocellulosic biomass,water status(leaf water potential,osmotic potential,and turgor potential),mineral nutrition status,leaf gas exchange,and chlorophyll fluorescence,and soil respiration(carbon dioxide(CO2)flux)were assessed under greenhouse ***-treated plants had higher growth rates and lignocellulosic biomass production than control plants with no biochar and no *** was also a significant increase in soil respiration in the treatments with biochar,which stimulated microbial *** increase in soil water-holding capacity after biochar amendment caused significant improvements in plant water status and plant ion(K^+,Mg^2+,and Ca^2+)contents,leading to an increase in net photosynthesis and a higher energy-use efficiency of photosystem ***-treated plants had lower oxidative stress,increased water-use efficiency,and decreased soil respiration,and the biochar-compost mixture resulted in even greater improvements in growth,leaf turgor potential,photosynthesis,nutrient content,and soil gas *** results suggest that biochar and compost promote plant growth with respect to nutrient uptake,water balance,and photosynthetic system *** summary,both the soil amendments studied could increase opportunities for *** to sequester CO2 and produce more fodder bio-active compounds and biomass for bio-energy on nutrient-poor degraded soils.

关键词： bio-energy crop chlorophyll fluorescence degraded soil plant eco-physiology plant growth photochemical efficiency water status

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Biodiversity effects and transgressive overyielding

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第2期1卷 95-102页

作者： bernhard Schmid Andy Hector Prasenjit Saha Michel Loreau Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Physics Institute University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Biology McGill University1205 ave Docteur PenfieldMontrealQuebecCanada H3A 1B1

Aims The potential for mixtures of plant species to produce more biomass than every one of their constituent species in monoculture is still controversially discussed in the *** we tested how this socalled transgressive overyielding is affected by variation between and within species in monoculture yields in biodiversity *** We use basic statistical principles to calculate expected maximum monoculture yield in a species pool used for a biodiversity *** a real example we show how between-and withinspecies variance components in monoculture yields can be *** the two components we estimate the importance of sampling bias in transgressive overyielding *** Findings The net biodiversity effect(difference between mixture and average monoculture yield)needed to achieve transgressive overyielding increases with the number of species in a mixture and with the variation between constituent species in monoculture *** there is no significant variation between species,transgressive overyielding should not be calculated using the best monoculture,because in this case the difference between this species and the other species could exclusively reflect a sampling *** sampling bias decreases with increasing variation between *** for transgressive overyielding require replicated species’***,it can be doubted whether such an emphasis on monocultures in biodiversity experiments is justified if an analysis of transgressive overyielding is not the major goal.

关键词： biodiversity experiments mixtures monocultures overyielding analysis sampling bias

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XDEM multi-physics and multi-scale simulation technology: Review of DEM-CFD coupling, methodology and engineering applications

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Particuology 2019年第3期17卷 176-193页

作者： bernhard Peters Maryam Baniasadi Mehdi Baniasadi Xavier Besseron Alvaro Estupinan Donoso Mohammad Mohseni Gabriele Pozzetti Universite du Luxembourg 6. rue Coudenhove-Kalergi L-1359 Luxembourg

The extended discrete element method (XDEM) multi-physics and multi-scale simulation platform is being developed at the Institute of Computational Engineering, the University of Luxembourg. The platform is an advanced multi-physics simulation technology that combines flexibility and versatility to establish the next generation of multi-physics and multi-scale simulation tools. For this purpose, the simulation framework relies on coupling various predictive tools based on an Eulerian and Lagrangian approach. The Euleria n approach represents the wide field of con tinuum models;the Lagra ngian approach is perfect for characterising discrete phases. Continuum models thus include classical simulation tools, such as computational fluid dynamics simulation and finite element analysis, while an extended configuration of the classical discrete element method addresses the discrete (e.g., particulate) phase. Apart from predicting the trajectories of in dividual particles, XDEM-suite extends the application of the XDEM to estimating the thermodynamic state of each particle using advanced and optimised algorithms. The thermodynamic state may include temperature and species distributions due to chemical reaction and external heat sources. Hence, coupling these extended features with either computational fluid dynamics simulation or finite element analysis opens a wide range of applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food processing, mining, construction and agricultural machinery, metals manufacturing, energy production and systems biology.

关键词： Multi-phase modelling Coupled computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method

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Participatory Mapping and Visualization of Local Knowledge:An Example from Eberbach, Germany

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第1期12卷 56-71页

作者： Carolin Klonner Tomás J.Usón Nicole Aeschbach bernhard Höfle Institute of Geography Heidelberg University69120 HeidelbergGermany Institute of European Ethnology and IRI THESys(Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems) Humboldt University of Berlin10117 BerlinGermany

A rise in the number of flood-affected people and areas has increased the interest in new methods and concepts that account for this *** are integrated into disaster risk reduction processes through participatory approaches and can provide valuable up-to-date local *** a field study in Eberbach(Baden–Wuerttemberg,Germany)sketch maps and questionnaires were used to capture local knowledge about *** on a previous study on urban flooding in Santiago de Chile,the tools were adapted and applied to river flooding in the city of Eberbach,which is regularly flooded by the Neckar River,a major river in southwest *** empirical database of the study comprises 40 participants in the study area and 40 in a control *** of the participants in each group are residents and half are *** sampling was used,and the questionnaires aimed to gather demographic information and explore what factors,such as property,influence the risk perception of the study *** results show that residents identify a larger spatial area as at risk than pedestrians,and owning property leads to higher risk *** flood type influenced the choice of the base maps for the sketch *** river flooding,one map with an overview of the area was sufficient,while for urban flooding a second map with more details of the area also enables the marking of small *** information gathered can complement authoritative data such as from flood *** participatory approach also increases the communication and trust between local governments,researchers,and citizens.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Flooding Local knowledge Participatory approach Sketch maps Volunteered geographic information

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Interleukin-1 beta induces the expression and production of stem cell factor by epithelial cells： crucial involvement of the PI-3K/mTOR pathway and HIF-1 transcription complex

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第1期13卷 47-56页

作者： Rafal W Wyszynski bernhard F Gibbs Luca Varani Daniela Iannotta Vadim V Sumbayev School of Pharmacy University of Kent Kent UK Institute for Research in Biomedicine Bellinzona Switzerland These authors are Contributed equally to this study

Potential crosslinks between inflammation and leukaemia have been discussed for some time, but experimental evidence to support this dogma is scarce. In particular, it is important to understand the mechanisms responsible for potential upregulation of proto-oncogenic growth factor expressions by inflammatory mediators. Here, we investigated the ability of the highly inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta （IL-1β） to induce the production of stem cell factor （SCF）, which is a major hematopoietic growth factor that controls the progression of acute myeloid leukaemia upon malignant transformation of haematopoietic myeloid cells. We found that human IL-1β induced the expression/secretion of SCF in MCF-7 human epithelial breast cancer cells and that this process depended on the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 （HIF-1） transcription complex. We also demonstrated a crucial role of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase （PI-3K）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway in IL-1β-induced HIF-1α accumulation in MCF-7 cells. Importantly, mTOR was also found to play a role in IL-1β-induced SCF production. Furthermore, a tendency for a positive correlation of IL-1β and SCF levels in the plasma of healthy human donors was observed. Altogether, our results demonstrate that IL-1β, which normally bridges innate and adaptive immunity, induces the production of the major haematopoietic/proleukaemic growth factor SCF through the PI-3K/mTOR pathway and the HIF-1 transcription complex. These findings strongly suoDort a cross-talk between inflammation and acute mveloid leukaemia.

关键词： Inflammation Stem cell factor Leukaemia Hypoxia

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