检索结果-南通市图书馆

Assessment of Methods for Determining Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Soils: A Review

Pedosphere 2017年第3期27卷 389-406页

作者： Jurate KUMPIENE Laura GIAGNONI bernd marschner Sébastien DENYS Michel MENCH Kristin ADRIAENSEN Jaco VANGRONSVELD Markus PUSCHENREITER Giancarlo RENELLA Waste Science & Technology Lule University of Technology Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences University of Florence Ruhr-Universitt Bochum Joint Research Unit (UMR) Biodiversity Genes & Communities (BIOGECO) French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses) i-CLEANTECH Vlaanderen Hasselt University Centre for Environmental Sciences University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna

Trace element-contaminated soils(TECSs) are one of the consequences of the past industrial development worldwide. Excessive exposure to trace elements(TEs) represents a permanent threat to ecosystems and humans worldwide owing to the capacity of metal(loid)s to cross the cell membranes of living organisms and of human epithelia, and their interference with cell *** of TE bioavailability in soils is complicated due to the polyphasic and reactive nature of soil constituents. To unravel critical factors controlling soil TE bioavailability and to quantify the ecological toxicity of TECSs, TEs are pivotal for evaluating excessive exposure or deficiencies and controlling the ecological risks. While current knowledge on TE bioavailability and related cumulative consequences is growing, the lack of an integrated use of this concept still hinders its utilization for a more holistic view of ecosystem vulnerability and risks for human health. Bioavailability is not generally included in models for decision making in the appraisal of TECS remediation options. In this review we describe the methods for determining the TE bioavailability and technological developments, gaps in current knowledge, and research needed to better understand how TE bioavailability can be controlled by sustainable TECS management altering key chemical properties, which would allow policy decisions for environmental protection and risk management.

关键词：中微量元素土壤成分生物细胞膜有效性测定方法评述生物利用度生态系统人类健康

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Organic carbon dynamics and enzyme activities in agricultural soils amended with biogas slurry, liquid manure and sewage sludge

引用

Agricultural Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 104-113页

作者： Britta Stumpe Steffen Werner Robert Jung Stefanie Heinze Elisabeth Jüschke Christian Strippel bernd marschner Department Soil Science/Soil Ecology Institute of Geography Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum Germany

The application of organic soil amendments is a common practice for increasing soil fertility and soil organic carbon (SOC) content. In recent years, a new product from biogas production, biogas slurry is increasingly applied to agricultural soils, although little is known about its effects on soil properties. In this study, the influence of this new product in comparison with liquid manure and sewage sludge on the organic carbon dynamics and enzyme activities were investigated in two different agricultural soils in short-term incubation studies. As a control, biologically inert sand was also amended with these organic wastes. In sand, biogas slurry degraded to 10.4% within 14 days, while no differences were found between the degradability of liquid manure and sewage sludge with 6.6% and 5.4%, respectively. However, although the degradability of biogas slurry was highest among the organic amendments, liquid manure application resulted in the highest respiration rates in the soil samples. This was likely due to the organic waste borne easily decomposable substrates which were most dominant in liquid manure. Organic waste applications were found to generally increase the activity of numerous enzymes but did not change the soil enzyme patterns. Thus, in general it was shown that the microbial population of the organic wastes will not become prominent when introduced with the manures to soils. Thus, an inoculation with organic waste borne microorganisms could likely be neglected when discussing the extent of organic carbon dynamics after organic waste application to agricultural soils.

关键词： Biogas Slurry Organic Wastes Organic Carbon Dynamics Enzyme Activity Priming Effects

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Plant growth and soil microbial community structure of legumes and grasses grown in monoculture or mixture

引用

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第10期20卷 1231-1237页

作者： marschner Petra Soil and Land System School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005 Australia

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the in?uence of soil moisture content on plant growth and the rhizosphere microbial community structure of four plant species (white clover, alfalfa, sudan grass, tall fescue), grown individually or in a mixture. The soil moisture content was adjusted to 55% or 80% water holding capacity (WHC). The results indicated that the total plant biomass of one pot was lower at 55% WHC. At a given soil moisture, the total plant biomass of white clover and tall ...

关键词： legumes grasses the Chinese Loess Plateau microbial communities phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Clay Addition to Sandy Soil Influence of Clay Type and Size on Nutrient Availability in Sandy Soils Amended with Residues Differing in C/N ratio

引用

Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 293-305页

作者： Shermeen TAHIR Petra marschner School of Agriculture Food and Wine The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 (Australia)

Addition of clay-rich subsoil to sandy soil results in heterogeneous soil with clay peds(2-mm) or finely ground(< 2 mm) clay soil(FG), which may affect the nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of clay soil particle size(FG or peds)and properties on nutrient availability and organic C binding in sandy soil after addition of residues with low(young kikuyu grass,KG) or high(faba bean, FB) C/N ratio. Two clay soils with high and low smectite percentage, clay and exchangeable Fe and Al were added to a sandy soil at a rate of 20%(weight/weight) either as FG or peds. Over 45 d, available N and P as well as microbial biomass N and P concentrations and cumulative respiration were greater in soils with residues of KG than FB. For soils with KG residues,clay addition increased available N and initial microbial biomass C and N concentrations, but decreased cumulative respiration and P availability compared to sandy soil without clay. Differences in measured parameters between clay type and size were inconsistent and varied with time except the increase in total organic C in the < 53 μm fraction during the experiment, which was greater for soils with FG than with peds. We concluded that the high exchangeable Fe and Al concentrations in the low-smectite clay soil can compensate a lower clay concentration and proportion of smectite with respect to binding of organic matter and nutrients.

关键词：养分有效性粘土类型沙质土壤砂质土壤蒙脱石粘土氮磷浓度偏微分方程修订

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Responses of Soil Microbial Activity and Biomass to Salinity After Repeated Additions of Plant Residues

引用

Pedosphere 2015年第2期25卷 177-185页

作者： Bannur ELMAJDOUB Petra marschner School of Agriculture Food and WineThe Waite Research InstituteThe University of Adelaide Biotechnology Research Centre

Microbial adaptation to salinity can be achieved through synthesis of organic osmolytes,which requires high amounts of energy;however,a single addition of plant residues can only temporarily improve energy supply to soil ***,a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the responses of soil microbes to increasing salinity with repeated additions of plant residues using a loamy sand soil with an electrical conductivity in saturated paste extract(EC_e) of 0.6 dS m^(-1).The soil was kept non-saline or salinized by adding different amounts of NaCl to achieve EC_e of 12.5,25.0 and 50.0 dS m^(-1).The non-saline soil and the saline soils were amended with finely ground pea residues at two rates equivalent to 3.9 and 7.8 g C kg^(-1) soil on days 0,15 *** soils receiving no residues were included as a *** respiration per g C added over 2 weeks after each residue addition was always greater at 3.9 than 7.8 g C kg^(-1) soil and higher in the non-saline soil than in the saline *** the saline soils,the cumulative respiration per g C added was higher after the second and third additions than after the first addition except with3.9 g C kg^(-1) at EC_e of 50 dS m^(_1).Though with the same amount of C added(7.8 g C kg^(-1)),salinity reduced soil respiration to a lesser extent when 3.9 g C kg^(-1) was added twice compared to a single addition of 7.8 g C kg^(-1).After the third residue addition,the microbial biomass C concentration was significantly lower in the soils with EC_e of 25 and 50 dS m^(_1) than in the non-saline soil at3.9 g C kg^(-1),but only in the soil with EC_e of 50 dS m^(-1) at 7.8 g C kg^(-1).We concluded that repeated residue additions increased the adaptation of soil microbial community to salinity,which was likely due to high C availability providing microbes with the energy needed for synthesis of organic osmolytes.

关键词：土壤微生物生物量植物残体盐度土壤微生物群落实验室培养体重有机合成盐渍土

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Soil Respiration, Microbial Biomass C and N Availability in a Sandy Soil Amended with Clay and Residue Mixtures

引用

Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 643-651页

作者： Sharmistha PAL Petra marschner ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Research Centre School of Agriculture Food and Wine The University of Adelaide

Crop yields in sandy soils can be increased by addition of clay-rich soil, but little is known about the effect of clay addition on nutrient availability after addition of plant residues with different C/N ratios. A loamy sandy soil(7% clay) was amended with a clay-rich subsoil(73% clay) at low to high rates to achieve soil mixtures of 12%, 22%, and 30% clay, as compared to a control(sandy soil alone) with no clay addition. The sandy-clay soil mixtures were amended with finely ground plant residues at 10 g kg^(-1): mature wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) straw with a C/N ratio of 68, mature faba bean(Vicia faba L.) straw with a C/N ratio of 39, or their mixtures with different proportions(0%–100%, weight percentage) of each straw. Soil respiration was measured over days 0–45 and microbial biomass C(MBC), available N, and p H on days 0, 15, 30, and 45. Cumulative respiration was not clearly related to the C/N ratio of the residues or their mixtures, but C use efficiency(cumulative respiration per unit of MBC on day 15) was greater with faba bean than with wheat and the differences among the residue mixtures were smaller at the highest clay addition rate. The MBC concentration was lowest in sole wheat and higher in residue mixtures with 50% of wheat and faba bean in the mixture or more faba bean. Soil N availability and soil p H were lower for the soil mixtures of 22% and 30% clay compared to the sandy soil alone. It could be concluded that soil cumulative respiration and MBC concentration were mainly influenced by residue addition, whereas available N and p H were influenced by clay addition to the sandy soil studied.

关键词：微生物生物量碳土壤呼吸速效氮剩余物土壤pH值砂质粘土沙质土壤植物残体

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Soil Respiration, Microbial Biomass and Nutrient Availability in Soil After Addition of Residues with Adjusted N and P Concentrations

引用

Pedosphere 2017年第1期27卷 76-85页

作者： Trung Ta NGUYEN Petra marschner School of Agriculture Food and Wine The University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 (Australia)

Microbial activity and nutrient release are known to be influenced by organic matter properties,but it is difficult to separate the effect of C/N ratio from that of C/P ratio because in most plant residues both ratios are either high or *** incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of reducing the C/N and C/P ratios of slowly decomposable plant residues(young eucalyptus leaves,mature wheat straw,and sawdust) to those of rapidly decomposable residues(young kikuyu shoots) on soil respiration,microbial biomass,and N and P *** C/N and C/P ratios of the former were adjusted to 15 and 89,respectively,by adding N as(NH_4)_2SO_4,P as KH_2PO_4 or both and residues were added at 10 g C kg-1 to a silt *** respiration was measured over21 d;microbial biomass C(MBC) and available N and P were measured on days 0,7,and *** to the unamended soil,addition of kikuyu increased cumulative respiration 20-fold,MBC concentration 4 to 8-fold,and available P concentration up to4-fold,whereas the increase in available N concentration was small and *** respiration and MBC concentration were low in the sawdust-amended soil and were not influenced by reducing the C/N and C/P *** respiration with original wheat and eucalyptus was 30%-40%of that with *** the C/N ratio alone or both C/N and C/P ratios increased cumulative respiration and MBC concentration 2-fold compared to the original wheat and eucalyptus,whereas reducing the C/P ratio had little *** the experiment,the available N concentration after addition of residues with reduced C/N ratio increased in the following order of eucalyptus < wheat < *** independently lowering the C/N and C/P ratios,microbial activity was more limited by C and N than ***,lowering the C/N ratio of very slowly decomposable sawdust had no effect on soil respiration and MBC concentration,suggesting that other properties such as concentration of poor

关键词：土壤呼吸强度微生物量磷浓度氮浓度养分有效性微生物生物量碳 (NH4)2SO4 快速分解

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Sorption of Water-Extractable Organic Carbon in Various Clay Subsoils: Effects of Soil Properties

引用

Pedosphere 2016年第1期26卷 55-61页

作者： Trung Ta NGUYEN Petra marschner School of Agriculture Food and Wine The University of Adelaide

Clay-rich subsoils are added to sandy soils to improve crop yield and increase organic carbon(C) sequestration; however, little is known about the influence of clay subsoil properties on organic C sorption and desorption. Batch sorption experiments were conducted with nine clay subsoils with a range of properties. The clay subsoils were shaken for 16 h at 4?C with water-extractable organic C(WEOC, 1 224 g C L^(-1)) from mature wheat residue at a soil to extract ratio of 1:10. After removal of the supernatant, the residual pellet was shaken with deionised water to determine organic C desorption. The WEOC sorption was positively correlated with smectite and illite contents, cation exchange capacity(CEC) and total organic C, but negatively correlated with kaolinite content. Desorption of WEOC expressed as a percentage of WEOC sorbed was negatively correlated with smectite and illite contents, CEC, total and exchangeable calcium(Ca) concentrations and clay content, but positively correlated with kaolinite content. The relative importance of these properties varied among soil types. The soils with a high WEOC sorption capacity had medium CEC and their dominant clay minerals were smectite and illite. In contrast, kaolinite was the dominant clay mineral in the soils with a low WEOC sorption capacity and low-to-medium CEC. However, most soils had properties which could increase WEOC sorption as well as those that could decrease WEOC sorption. The relative importance of properties increasing or decreasing WEOC sorption varied with soils. The soils with high desorption had a low total Ca concentration, low-to-medium CEC and low clay content, whereas the soils with low desorption were characterised by medium-to-high CEC and smectite and illite were the dominant clay minerals. We conclude that WEOC sorption and desorption depend not on a single property but rather a combination of several properties of the subsoils in this study.

关键词：土壤性质粘土地基碳吸附水溶性总有机碳阳离子交换量粘土矿物粘粒含量

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Impact of Salinity on Respiration and Organic Matter Dynamics in Soils is More Closely Related to Osmotic Potential than to Electrical Conductivity

引用

Pedosphere 2017年第5期27卷 949-956页

作者： Manpreet S.MAVI Petra marschner School of Agriculture Food and Wine The Waite Research Institute The University of Adelaide Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University

Osmotic potential(OP) of soil solution may be a more appropriate parameter than electrical conductivity(EC) to evaluate the effect of salts on plant growth and soil biomass. However, this has not been examined in detail with respect to microbial activity and dissolved organic matter in soils with different texture. This study evaluated the effect of salinity and sodicity on respiration and dissolved organic matter dynamics in salt-affected soils with different texture. Four non-saline and non-sodic soils differing in texture(S-4, S-13, S-24 and S-40 with 4%, 13%, 24% and 40% clay, respectively) were leached using combinations of 1 mol L^(-1) NaCl and 1 mol L^(-1) CaCl_2 stock solutions, resulting in EC(1:5 soil:water ratio) between 0.4 and 5.0 dS m^(-1) with two levels of sodicity(sodium absorption ratio(SAR) < 3(non-sodic) and 20(sodic), 1:5 soil:water ratio). Adjusting the water content to levels optimal for microbial activity, which differed among the soils, resulted in four ranges of OP in all the soils: from-0.06 to-0.24(controls,without salt added),-0.55 to -0.92,-1.25 to -1.62 and -2.77 to -3.00 Mpa. Finely ground mature wheat straw(20 g kg^(-1)) was added to stimulate microbial activity. At a given EC, cumulative soil respiration was lower in the lighter-textured soils(S-4 and S-13)than in the heavier-textured soils(S-24 and S-40). Cumulative soil respiration decreased with decreasing OP to a similar extent in all the soils, with a greater decrease on Day 40 than on Day 10. Cumulative soil respiration was greater at SAR = 20 than at SAR< 3 only at the OP levels between-0.62 and -1.62 MPa on Day 40. In all the soils and at both sampling times, concentrations of dissolved organic C and N were higher at the lowest OP levels(from -2.74 to -3.0 MPa) than in the controls(from -0.06 to -0.24 MPa). Thus, OP is a better parameter than EC to evaluate the effect of salinity on dissolved organic matter and microbial activity in different textured soils.

关键词：土壤呼吸溶解有机质动力学电导率渗透势盐分微生物活性 CaCl2溶液

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Respiration and Sorption of Water-Extractable Organic Carbon as Affected by Addition of Ca^(2+),Isolated Clay or Clay-Rich Subsoil to Sand

引用

Pedosphere 2014年第1期24卷 98-106页

作者： P.ROYCHAND P.marschner Soils School of AgricultureFood and WineThe Waite Research InstituteThe University of Adelaide Department of Agricultural Sciences La Trobe UniversityMelbourne Campus

Clay addition to light-textured soils is used to ameliorate water repellency and to increase nutrient ***,clay addition may also increase the potential to bind organic matter and thus C *** calcium ions(Ca^(2+))play an important role in binding of organic matter to clay because they provide the bridge between the clay particles and organic matter which are both negatively *** the first experiment,quartz sand was mixed with clay isolated from a Vertosol at rates of 0,50 and 300 g kg^(-1),finely ground mature wheat residues(20 g kg^(-1))and powdered CaSO_4 at 0,5 and 10 g kg^(-1).Soil respiration was measured over 28 *** to the sand alone,addition of isolated clay at 300 g kg^(-1)increased cumulative respiration with a stronger increase than that at 50 g kg^(-1).Addition of CaSO_4 increased electrical conductivity,decreased sodium adsorption ratio and reduced cumulative *** latter can be explained by enhanced sorption of organic matter to clay via Ca^(2+)*** a second experiment,isolated clay or subsoil of the Vertosol without or with powdered CaSO_4 at 10 g kg^(-1)were used for a batch sorption with water-extractable organic C(WEOC)from wheat straw followed by desorption with *** of 10 g kg^(-1)CaSO_4 increased sorption and decreased desorption of WEOC in both subsoil and isolated *** the third experiment,subsoil of the Vertosol was used for a batch sorption in which WEOC was added *** addition of WEOC increased the concentration of sorbed C but decreased the sorbed proportion of the added *** indicates that sorption of WEOC may be underestimated if it is added only once in batch sorption experiments.

关键词：结合粘土钠吸附比土壤呼吸钙离子水萃取有机碳石英砂地下资源

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：