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Gut microbiome,liver immunology,and liver diseases

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第1期18卷 4-17页

作者： Rui Wang Ruqi Tang Bo Li Xiong Ma bernd Schnabl Herbert Tilg Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMinistry of HealthState Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease145 Middle Shandong Road200001 ShanghaiChina Department of Medicine University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCAUSA Department of Internal Medicine I GastroenterologyHepatologyEndocrinology&MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

The gut microbiota is a complex and plastic consortium of microorganisms that are intricately connected with human *** liver is a central immunological organ that is particularly enriched in innate immune cells and constantly exposed to circulating nutrients and endotoxins derived from the gut *** delicate interaction between the gut and liver prevents accidental immune activation against otherwise harmless *** on the interplay between the gut microbiota and liver has assisted in understanding the pathophysiology of various liver *** immense importance is the step from high-throughput sequencing(correlation)to mechanistic studies(causality)and therapeutic ***,we review the gut microbiota,liver immunology,and the interaction between the gut and *** addition,the impairment in the gut-liver axis found in various liver diseases is reviewed here,with an emphasis on alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD),nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),and autoimmune liver disease(AILD).On the basis of growing evidence from these preclinical studies,we propose that the gut-liver axis paves the way for targeted therapeutic modalities for liver diseases.

关键词： Gut-liver axis Alcohol liver disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Autoimmune liver disease Microbiome

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High duty cycle,highly efficient fiber coupled 940-nm pump module for high-energy solid-state lasers

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第1期4卷 17-21页

作者： Ren Platz bernd Eppich Juliane Rieprich Wolfgang Pittroff Gtz Erbert Paul Crump Ferdinand-Braun-Institut Leibniz-Institut fr Hchstfrequenztechnik

Tailored diode laser single emitters with long(6 mm) resonators and wide(1.2 mm) emission apertures that operate with940 nm emission wavelength were assembled in novel edge-cooled vertically stacked arrays, and used to construct a compact and highly efficient fiber coupled pump source for Yb:YAG pulsed high-energy class solid-state lasers. The novel configuration is shown to allow repetition rates of 200 Hz at 1 ms pulse duration, at an output power of 130 W per single emitter. The emission of two stacked arrays was then optically combined to realize pump modules that deliver6 kW peak power(pulse energy 6 J) from a 1.9 mm core diameter fiber, with wall plug efficiency of 50%. This represents a significant improvement in terms of duty cycle and electro-optical efficiency over conventional sources. The pump module has been successfully tested at the Max Born Institute, Berlin during trials for pumping of disk lasers.

关键词： diode laser diode pumped solid-state laser fiber coupling high-power QCW diode laser stack

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Vlale circumcision is not associated with an ncreased prevalence of erectile dysfunction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 652-653页

作者： Ingmar Wolff Matthias May bernd Hoschke Sabine Brookman-May Department of Urology CarI-Thiem-Hospital Cottbus Cottbus Department of Urology St. Elisabeth-Hospital Straubing Straubing Department of Urology University Hospital Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany.

Dear Editor, The impact of circumcision on erectile function and sexual satisfaction is currently controversially discussed. Recently, Bronselaer et al.1 reported on a studybased on an online survey including 1059 （77.4%） uncircumcised and 310 （22.6%） circumcised men. They found a significantly higher sexual pleasure at all aspects of the glans penis and higher orgasm intensity at the lateral and dorsal sides of the glans in uncircumcised men. There was also a trend for higher orgasm intensity at the ventral side of the glans penis although statistical significance was not reached. Bronselaer et al？

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Spatio-temporal Variability of Soil Water at Three Seasonal Floodplain Sites: A Case Study in Tarim Basin,Northwest China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第6期24卷 647-657页

作者： Sven GRASHEY-JANSEN Martin KUBA bernd CYFFKA müt HALIK Tayierjiang AISHAN Institute of Geography University of Augsburg Augsburg 86135Germany Applied Physical Geography Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt Eichstaett 85072Germany Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology College of Resources and Environmental ScienceXinjiang University

The floodplain -egetation of the Tarim River in Northwest China is strongly influenced by irrigated agriculture. The abstrac- tion of river water disturbs; the natural dynamics of the floodplain ecosystem. The human impact on the hydrological system by bank dams and the irrigation of cotton plantings have caused adverse changes of the Tarim River and its floodplains, so the current stocks of the typical Tugai vegetation show significant signs of degradation. Field studies of soils and statistical analysis of soil moisture data have shown that the vitality of the Tugai vegetation is primarily determined by its position to the riverbank and the groundwater. There exist complex interactions between soil hydrological conditions and the vitality of the vegetation. But the availability of water is not only influenced by the groundwater level and seasonal flood events. The spatial distribution of stocks at different states of vitality seems also to be decisively influenced by physical soil properties. Our results show that the water supply of plant communities is strongly in- fluenced by the soil texture. Spatial differences of soil moisture and corresponding soil water tensions may be the decisive factors for the zonafion of vegetation. Physical soil properties control the water retention and rising of capillary water from deeper soil layers and the phreatic zone and may supply the root systems of the phreatophytic vegetation with water. Keywords： soil moisture;soil texture; soil water tensions; Tarim River; water retention

关键词： soil moisture soil texture soil water tensions Tarim River water retention

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Quantification of human telomerase RNA(hTR)and human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)mRNA in testicular tissue of infertile patients

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2001年第4期3卷 263-270页

作者： Mark Schrader Markus Müller Rüdiger Heicappell bernd Straub Kurt Miller Department of Urology Universitatsklinikum Benjamin FranklinFreie Universitat BerlinHindenburgdamm 3012200 BerlinGermany

Aim:To evaluate the quantitative detection of human telomerase RNA(hTR)and human telomerase reverse tran-scriptase(hTERT)mRNA as diagnostic parameters in the workup of testicular tissue specimens from patients presentingwith non-obstructive ***:hTR and hTERT mRNA expression were quantified in 38 cryopre-served testicular tissue specimens by fluorescence real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in a LightCycler(r).This was paralleled by conventional histological workup in all tissue specimens and additionalsemithin sectioning preparation in cases with maturation arrest(n=12)and Sertoli-cell-only syndrome(n=12).Re-sults;The average normalized hTERT expression(N_(hTERT))was 131.9±48.0 copies(mean±SD)in tissue speci-mens with full spermatogenesis,N_(hTERT)=51.2±17.2 copies in those with maturation arrest and N_(hTERT)=2.7±2.4copies in those with Sertoli-cell-only syndrome(SCOS).The discriminant analysis showed that detection of N_(hTERT)(N_(hTR))had a predictive value of 86.8%(55.3%)for correct classification in one of the three histological ***;Our results demonstrate that quantitative detection of hTERT mRNA expression in testicular tissue en-ables a molecular-diagnostic classification of *** detection of hTERT in testicular biopsies isthus well suited for supplementing the histopathological evaluation.

关键词： spermatogenesis human telomerase reverse transcriptase human telomerase RNA fertility

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Electrodeposition of Al from a 1-butylpyrrolidine-AlCl3 ionic liquid

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2015年第6期25卷 603-611页

作者： Giridhar Pulletikurthi Bj?rn B?decker Andriy Borodin bernd Weidenfeller Frank Endres Institute of Electrochemistry Clausthal University of Technology

The addition of 1-butylpyrrolidine to AlCl3results in the formation of an electrolyte that is suited to Al *** feasibility of electrodepositing Al from the synthesized electrolyte was *** compositions of AlCl3and 1-butylpyrrolidine were prepared for this *** mixtures show a different phase behavior at various compositions of AlCl3and ***,Raman and NMR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the synthesized *** the prepared compositions,1:1.2 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3and the upper phase of 1:1.3 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3were found to be suitable for Al electrodeposition at room temperature（RT）.Uniform and thick（ mm thick） layers of Al were obtained on copper at *** deposition occured from the cationic species of AlCl3xLty（where x r 2,y ? 1–2,and L ? 1-butylpyrrolidine） in this *** behavior is contrary to the well investigated classic AlCl3based ionic liquids,where the deposition of Al occurs mainly from anionic Al2 Cl 7ions.

关键词： Aluminium Al cations 1-butylpyrrolidine Ionic liquid Electrodeposition

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Subsurface scattering using splat-based diffusion in point-based rendering

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2010年第5期53卷 911-919页

作者： KIM Hyeon-Joong BICKEL bernd GROSS Markus CHOI Soo-Mi Department of Computer Engineering Sejong University Computer Graphics Lab ETH Zurich

Point-based graphics has gained much attention as an alternative to polygon-based approaches because of its simplicity and flexibility. However, current point-based techniques do not provide a sufficient rendering quality for translucent materials such as human skin. In this paper, we propose a point-based framework with subsurface scattering of light, which is important to create the soft and semi-translucent appearance of human skin. To accurately simulate subsurface scattering in multilayered materials, we present splat-based diffusion to apply a linear combination of several Gaussian basis functions to each splat in object space. Compared to existing point-based approaches, our method offers a significantly improved visual quality in rendering human faces and provides a similar visual quality to polygon-based rendering using the texture space diffusion technique. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in rendering scanned faces realistically.

关键词： subsurface scattering point-based rendering skin rendering diffusion profile sum of Gaussian

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Migration of Paramagnetic Ions in Glass Melts Under Influence of a Magnetic Field

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第S2期19卷 1068-1071页

作者： SCHADEWALD Uwe HALBEDEL bernd Dep.of Inorganic-Nonmetallic Materials Ilmenau University of Technology

Magnetic forces are widely used to influence the properties of *** main focus of recent investigations concerning oxide melts mainly was on the use of Lorentz forces either to mix glass melts to avoid an improved inhomogeneity or to measure the flow of these *** the last years also the use of magnetic gradient forces has become an object of research mainly in *** the basis of preliminary investigations the influence of these forces on paramagnetic ions such as Fe;in oxide melts is investigated to examine the potential of magnetic gradient forces as a tool to create defined gradient materials.

关键词： magnetic gradient force glass crystallization paramagnetic ions

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Assembling and Test of a Halbach Array Magnet System for Lorentz Forece Velocimetry in Electrolytes

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第S1期19卷 145-148页

作者： Werner Michael Halbedel bernd Department of Inorganic-Nonmetallic Materials University of Technology IlmenauIlmenau 100565 98684Germany

The paper presents a Halbach array magnet system(HAMS)for the application within a very first Lorentz force velocimetry(LFV)experiment for electrolytic *** the design,assembling procedure and characterization method are presented under consideration of the strict limited weight of the *** increase the Lorentz force outcome by a factor of three compared to the currently used simple magnet *** the fluid profile influence on a LFV measurement on electrolytes is investigated numerically-directly on the planned test setup-and presented for the first *** the Lorentz forces,generated by the HAMS,decreases by 8%comparing an ideal plug-like profile at the inlet with a semi-parabolic profile arising near the outlet of the experiment.

关键词： Lorentz force velocimetry Halbach magnet array magnet assemblies magnet system design

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Novel highly active carbon supported ternary PdNiBi nanoparticles as I anode catalyst for the alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell

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Nano Research 2019年第3期12卷 683-693页

作者： bernd Cermenek Johanna Ranninger Birgit Feketefoldi Ilse Letofsky-Papst Norbert Kienzl Brigitte Bitschnau Viktor Hacker Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz Inffeldgasse 25/C 8010 Graz Austria Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH/Materials Franz-Pichler-Strafie 30 8160 Weiz Austria Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Center for Electron Microscopy Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz Steyrergasse 17 8010 Graz Austria Bioenergy 2020+ GmbH Inffeldgasse 21/B 8010 Graz Austria Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Graz University of Technology Streymayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria

The study focuses on the in flue nee of Ni and Bi on alkali me etha nol oxidati on reacti on (EOR) activities, stabilities and structure characteristics of carb on supported Pd-based nano catalysts (Pd/C, Pd6oNi4o/C, Pd6oBi4o/C, Pd6oNi2oBi2o/C) by cyclic voltammetry/chr ono amperometry using rotating disk electrode and various physico-chemical methods such as X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Nickel generates more adsorbed OH on the Pd catalyst surface than Bi and promotes the oxidation of adsorbed ethanol species. This results in a low onset potential toward ethanol oxidation with high current density. The presenee of Bi facilitates high toleranee toward various reaction in termediates resulting from the incomplete etha nol oxidation, but might also initiate the agglomerati on of Pd nano particles. The no vel Pd60Ni20Bi20/C nanocatalyst displays exceptional byproduct toleranee, but only satisfying catalytic activity toward ethanol oxidation in an alkaline medium. Therefore, the EOR performanee of the novel carbon supported ternary PdxNiyBiz anode catalyst with various atomic variations (Pd70Ni25Bi5/C, Pd70Ni20Bi10/C, Pd80Ni10Bi10/C and Pd40Ni20Bi40/C) using the common instant reduction synthesis method was further optimized for the alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell. The carbon supported Pd:Ni:Bi nano catalyst with atomic ratio of 70:20:10 displays outsta nding catalytic activity for the alkaline EOR compared to the other PdxNiyBiy/C nanocatalysts as well as to the benchmarks Pd/C, Pd60Ni40/C and Pd60Bi40/C. The synergy and the optimal content in consideration of the oxide species of Pd, Ni and Bi are crucial for the EOR kinetic enhancement in alkaline medium.

关键词： alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell catalytic activity ethanol oxidation reaction ternary PdNiBi nano catalysts structure characteristics

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