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Calibration,validation,and evaluation of the Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model for hillslopes with natural runoff plot data

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 669-687页

作者： Shuyuan Wang Ryan P.McGehee Tian Guo Dennis C.Flanagan bernard A.engel Department of Agricultural&Biological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research LaboratoryWest LafayetteIN47907USA

The Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model has been widely used for estimating runoff and soil *** evaluation of the latest version(version 2021.133)under a range of environmental conditions can provide confidence to its *** objectives of this study were to evaluate the WEPP model for runoff and soil loss predictions using 1159 plot years of rainfall-runoff events data from field experi-mental plots with various climates,soils,topographies,and *** runoff and soil loss predictions were compared to the observations before and after input parameter *** results showed good predictions of runoff and soil loss were obtained with both the uncalibrated and calibrated WEPP model for all considered scales with Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiencies(NSE)over *** calibration of input baseline effective hydraulic conductivity(k_(e)),baseline critical shear stress(τ_(c)),baseline rill erod-ibility(k_(r)),and baseline interrill erodibility(k_(i))improved WEPP model performance with NSE values of 0.98 and 0.91 for average annual runoff and soil loss predictions,*** WEPP model tended to underestimate the runoff and soil loss for large events with runoff over 100 mm and soil loss over 120t/*** event runoff and soil loss predictions(NSE ≥0.4)were obtained for the most common cropping/management systems considered,including corn,cotton,tilled fallow,and wheat after *** study illustrates the most recent WEPP model's performance for runoff and soil loss predictions,and provides a comprehensive set of results.

关键词： WEPP Runoff Soil loss Calibration Validation

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A WEPp-Water Quality model for simulating nonpoint source pollutants in nonuniform agricultural hillslopes:Model development and sensitivity

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第3期11卷 455-469页

作者： Ryan PMcGehee Dennis CFlanagan bernard Aengel Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University225 South University StreetWest LafayetteIN47907USA DA-Agricultural Research Service National SoilErosion Research Laboratory275 South Russell StreetWest LafayetteIN4797USA

The Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model code was modified extensively to support the simulation of nonpoint source(NPS)pollutant sourcing and transport in nonuniform hillslopes based on NPS science from the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT).This was accomplished utilizing WEPP's overland flow element(OFE)in place of SWAT's hydrologic response unit(HRU)construct which enabled more physically plausible routing within a *** addition,several improvements to the NPS code base were *** include:free-source format,modern-Fortran conventions,minor enhancements to NPS model science,and code *** manuscript documents all model development activities,presents a comparison of relevant WEPP and WEPP-WQ code bases,and performs a local sensitivity analysis of the final model code for the most important input parameters and *** results indicated that the model performed as expected according to its design and provided important insights for potential subsequent validation studies.

关键词： WEPP SWAT WEPP-WQ Water quality Nonpoint Sensitivity

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An updated isoerodent map of the conterminous United States

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 1-16页

作者： Ryan P.McGehee Dennis C.Flanagan Puneet Srivastava bernard A.engel Chi-Hua Huang Mark A.Nearing Purdue University Agricultural and Biological Engineering225 South University StreetWest LafayetteIN47907USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory275 S Russell StWest LafayetteIN47907USA University of Maryland Agricultural Experiment StationSymons Hall7998 Regents DriveCollege ParkMD20742-3131USA Purdue University Agricultural Administration Building615 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN47907-2053USAUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceNational Soil Erosion Research Laboratory275 S Russell StWest LafayetteIN47907USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research Center2000 E Allen RdTucsonAZ85719USA

Maps of erosivity,which are also commonly referred to as isoerodent maps,have played a critical role in soil conservation efforts in the United States and around the *** available erosivity maps for the United States are either outdated,conflict with erosivity benchmarking studies,or utilized less advanced spatial mapping ***,it is possible that the same underlying issues with US maps are impacting global maps as *** this study,we used more than 340015-min,fixed-interval precipitation gauges to update the isoerodent map of the conterminous United *** values were interpolated using universal kriging under several spatial model configurations and *** optimal spatial model was selected based on which result had the lowest sample variogram ***,erosivity,and erosivity density maps were compared to existing *** average annual and annual erosivity results were compared to high-quality erosivity benchmarking *** values from both RUSLE2 and Panagos et al.(2017)were generally lower in the eastern United States and mixed in the western United States compared to our *** effects resulted in much greater erosivity differences in this study as compared to prior *** comparisons revealed that erosivity maps from this study and others were lower than the benchmark by 14%or more(up to 38%).These findings suggest current practices of storm omission and intensity dampening correction need to be revisited,especially in locations with relatively low-to-moderate rainfall erosivity such as the Midwest or Northeast United States,for example.

关键词： Erosion index Erosivity United States USLE RUSLE2 Soil loss

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Application of Remote Sensing Techniques and Geographic Information Systems to Analyze Land Surface Temperature in Response to Land Use/Land Cover Change in Greater Cairo Region, Egypt

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2018年第1期10卷 57-88页

作者： Mohamed Aboelnour bernard A. engel Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering College of Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Geology Department Faculty of Science Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt

The Greater Cairo Region (GCR), Egypt has experienced rapid urban expansion and broad development over the past several decades. Due to such development, this region faces many environmental consequences. In order to mitigate such consequences, it is essential to examine the historical change to measure the urban sprawl of GCR, and its effect on land surface temperature (LST). The objective of this study is to fulfill this goal. It does so by generating land use/land cover (LULC) maps derived from Landsat 5 TM for 1990 and 2003 and Landsat 8 OLI for 2016, using several classification techniques. A spectral radiance model and a web-based atmospheric correction model were used to successfully evaluate LST from thermal bands of Landsat data. Overall accuracy of Landsat derived land use data were 90.3%, 96.5% and 94.9% for years 1990, 2003 and 2016, respectively. The LULC change analysis revealed vegetation loss to urban land by an amount of 7.73% and from barren lands to urban uses by 8.70% within a 26-year timespan (1990-2016). This rapid urban growth significantly decreases vegetation areas, consequently increasing the LST and modifying the urban microclimate. Results from this study can help policy-makers characterize the evolution of urban construction for future developments.

关键词： Landsat Land Surface Temperature Land Use Change Accuracy Assessment Greater Cairo Region

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Phosphorus Mass Balance of the Illinois River Watershed in Arkansas and Oklahoma

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第6期5卷 591-603页

作者： bernard engel Meagan Smith John Berton Fisher Roger Olsen Laurent Ahiablame Alexander Consulting 5802 South 129th East Avenue Tulsa USA CDM Inc. 1331 17th Street Denver USA Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette USA Lithochimeia Inc. 110 West 7th St. Tulsa USA

Water quality degradation in the Illinois River Watershed (IRW) has been linked to excess nutrients, primarily phosphorus (P). A mass balance study was performed on the IRW in Oklahoma and Arkansas to quantify the magnitude of P entering the watershed between the closure of Lake Tenkiller’s dam in 1954 to 2006. Results showed that a substantial mass of P was, and is, being imported into the watershed relative to the mass of P leaving the watershed. The study demonstrated that poultry production has been the major contributor of P imported to the watershed since 1964, and is currently responsible for more than 76% of the net annual P additions to the IRW. Between 1949 and 2002, more than 200,000 tonnes of P was added to the IRW. A P delivery ratio for the IRW was computed from the mass balance results and observed loads indicating that 4% of annual P applied to the IRW landscape reached Lake Tenkiller between 1999 and 2006. Allocation of P loads from 1949 to 2002 to Lake Tenkiller computed with the delivery ratio showed that wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges were responsible for more than 50% of P reaching Lake Tenkiller in 1949, followed by dairy cattle (32% of loads). Poultry contribution to P reaching Lake Tenkiller was 5% in 1949 but increased rapidly to become the largest source in 1969 at approximately 49%, and in 2002 at 54%. Both dairy and WWTP portions of the loads declined from 1949 levels with less than 4% attributable to dairy and less than 34% assigned to WWTP in 2002.

关键词： Phosphorus Nonpoint Source Pollution Lake Watershed

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Modeling Water Quality Impacts of Growing Corn, Switchgrass, and <i>Miscanthus</i>on Marginal Soils

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第14期6卷 1352-1368页

作者： Mark A. Thomas Laurent M. Ahiablame bernard A. engel Indrajeet Chaubey Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences West Lafayette IN USA

The goal of the study was to model water quality impacts of growing perennial grasses on marginal soils. The GLEAMS-NAPRA and RUSLE models were used to simulate long-term surface runoff, percolation, erosion, total phosphorus (TP), and nitrate (NO3-N) losses associated with the production of corn-based bioenergy systems (i.e. conventional tillage corn and corn grain plus stover removal), switchgrass and Miscanthus on three marginal quality soils and one good quality soil in Indiana. Simulations showed that switchgrass and Miscanthus had no effect on annual runoff, but decreased percolation by at least 17%. Results also suggested a potential for reduction in erosion for Miscanthus across the soil types examined when compared to corn-based bioenergy production. The production of switchgrass and Miscanthus did not have significant effects on the simulated TP and NO3-N losses in runoff compared to corn production systems. Nitrates leached from fertilized Miscanthus production were approximately 90% lower than NO3-N leached from the production of fertilized switchgrass and corn systems. Additional studies are needed to better understand the hydrology, erosion and nutrient responses of Miscanthus and switchgrass production to meet bioenergy demands.

关键词： Water Quality Modeling Perennial Grass Runoff Biofuels Marginal Lands GLEAMS-NAPRA

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GIS and L-THIA Based Analysis on Variations of Non-point Pollution in Nansi Lake Basin,China

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2016年第6期33卷 851-858页

作者： ZHANG Bao-lei YIN Le ZHANG Shu-min engel bernard THELLER Lawrence School of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China Institute of Regional Economic Research Shandong University of Finance and Economics Jinan 250014 China Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette 47907 USA

Non-point source （NPS） pollution is the main threat to regional water quality, and the estimation of NPS pollution load has become an important task for NPS pollution control in China. Combined with geographical information system （GIS）, the long. term hydrologic impact assessment （L-THIA） model was used to evaluate the *** changes of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） in Nansi Lake basin from 2000 to 2010. The results show： 1 ） the estimated COD, TN and TP loads in 2010 are 260017.5, 111607. 7 and 6372.0 t with the relative errors of 2.1%, 2. 0 % and - 8.8 % respectively, and more than 90% concentrated in the raining period from June to September; 2） cultivated land and construction land take up more than 80% of the whole Nansi Lake basin, and the proportions of the three kinds of NPS pollution loads coming from cultivated land and construction land are more than 98%; 3 ） during 2000- 2010, the COD, TN and TP loads increase by 8801. 6, 180.3 and 71.9 t respectively, and become the main impact factors on the water quality of Nansi Lake.

关键词： non-point source(NPS)pollution land use change longterm hydrologic impact assessment(L-THIA) model Nansi Lake basin

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遥感数据分类结果分析及分类算法评价

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黑龙江测绘 1995年第4期18卷 57-64页

作者： Xin Zhuang bernard A Eernard A engel XiaopingXiong Chris J Johannsen 李五夫

遥感数据的分类结果通常被概括为混淆矩阵。而各种分类算法则用于改善其结果。为了确定遥感数据的精度,应该把混淆矩阵规范化。规范混淆矩阵,要仔细审查分类按比例叠代拟合过程,包括消除矩阵里的零。Tukey复合比较法用了三种分类算法(... 详细信息

遥感数据的分类结果通常被概括为混淆矩阵。而各种分类算法则用于改善其结果。为了确定遥感数据的精度,应该把混淆矩阵规范化。规范混淆矩阵,要仔细审查分类按比例叠代拟合过程,包括消除矩阵里的零。Tukey复合比较法用了三种分类算法(最小距离法,极大似然法和人造神经网络法)进行结果比较。对于每种分类种类,规范化了的混淆矩阵都给出了一致的边值和精度。同时进行三种算法的Tukey比较,结果对于每一种算法都给出了总的分类精度,而且这些算法在5％的风险级上并未显示出不同。规范化的混淆矩阵由于具有一致的边值,因此,可以逐项地进行比较。研究结果表明,分类算法可以用Tukey法进行评价,并且,这些算法的复合比较可以通过用按比例叠代拟合程序得到的规范化的种类精度进行。规范化的混淆矩阵给出了生产者和用户精度的统一际准。

关键词：遥感数据分类算法评价神经网络

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