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The Trends in Maternal Mortality between 1996 and 2009 in Guizhou, China: Ethnic Differences and Associated Factors

Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2015年第1期35卷 140-146页

作者：杜清练武 ?yvind Nss Espen Bjertness bernadette nirmal kumar 石淑华 School of Public Health and Management of Binzhou Medical University The Norweigian Institute of Public Health The Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Tibet University Medical College Norweigian Center for Minority Health Research Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology

China bears a large burden of global maternal mortality, and the largest burden of maternal deaths in China is in poor western provinces. This study aimed to investigate the trends in maternal mortality and its associated factors in Guizhou province of western China between 1996 and 2009, and examine differences between minority and non-minority counties. A population-based, longitudinal, retrospective study was performed in a poor western province of China with a considerably large ethnic minority population. All 86 counties/districts of Guizhou were included with population at county, township and village level. Maternal mortality data were collected from routine reporting database of Guizhou Provincial Health Bureau. Trend and comparative analyses and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0. Maternal mortality ratio（MMR） and its change over time, differences between ethnic groups were analyzed. A declining trend in maternal mortality and rising trend in hospital delivery in Guizhou was observed; ethnic differences between two ethnic groups persisted. The reduction in maternal mortality between 1996 and 2009 was related with increased gross domestic product, decreased male illiteracy rate, and increased hospital delivery rate. We found the declining trends in maternal mortality in Guizhou with persisting ethnic differences. The declining trends are related with economic development, hospital delivery and male illiteracy. Effective health education on maternal health is urgently needed for the minority groups, and basic education for the new generation should be enhanced to eradicate the illiteracy.

关键词： maternal mortality trends ethnic differences China

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Microalgal bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture and their interactions with soil biotic and abiotic components:A review

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 297-314页

作者： Shisy JOSE nirmal RENUKA Sachitra kumar RATHA Sheena kumarI Faizal BUX Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology Durban University of TechnologyP.O.Box 1334Durban 4000South Africa Algal Biotechnology Laboratory Department of BotanyCentral University of PunjabBathinda 151401India Phycology Laboratory Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknowUttar Pradesh 226001India

Modern agricultural practices have posed a detrimental impact on the environment due to their intensive use to meet the food demands of an ever-increasing population.In this context,microalgal bioinoculants,specifically cyanobacteria and green microalgae,have emerged as sustainable options for agricultural practices to improve soil organic carbon,nutrient availability,microbial quality,and plant productivity.An overview of current and future perspectives on the use of microalgal bioinoculants in agriculture practices is presented in this review,along with a discussion of their interactions with soil biotic and abiotic factors that affect soil fertility,plant health,and crop productivity.The benefits of microalgal bioinoculants include releasing agronomically important metabolites(exopolymers and phytohormones)as well as solubilizing soil nutrients.Furthermore,they function as biocontrol agents against soil-borne pathogens and facilitate the establishment of rhizosphere communities of agricultural importance.So far,very few studies have explored the basic mechanisms by which microalgal bioinoculants interact with soil biotic and abiotic factors.In recent years,advanced molecular techniques have contributed to a better understanding of these interactions.

关键词： biocontrol agent biofertilizer cyanobacteria microalgae microbial community molecular technique plant growth soil fertility

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Revolutionizing palliative care:Electrocautery-enhanced lumenapposing metal stents in endoscopic-ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for malignant obstructions

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 2358-2361页

作者： nirmal kumar Reddy Onteddu Naga Sai Rasagna Mareddy Sai Swarupa R Vulasala Jayabharath Onteddu Mayur Virarkar Department of Internal Medicine University of Florida College of MedicineJacksonvilleFL 32209United States Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of AlabamaBirminghamAL 35294United States Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of Florida College of MedicineJacksonvilleFL 32209United States Department of Public Health Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

Patients with malignant biliary obstruction,following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)failure could be referred for endoscopicultrasound-guided biliary drainage through electrocautery-enhanced(ECE)lumen-apposing metal stent(LAMS)placement.However,the efficacy and safety of ECE-LAMS in this scenario have remained debatable due to minimal scientific evidence.The current confirmed 91.0%clinical success,96.7%technical success,7.3%reintervention rate,and 17.5%adverse events,following the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction with ECE-LAMS delivery.Finally,ECE-LAMS proved to be a generalizable strategy for managing biliary obstruction for patients who were excluded from ERCP.

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Electrocautery-enhancedlumen-apposing metal stent Biliary drainage Biliary stent Endoscopic ultrasound

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Recent progress and perspective on batteries made from nuclear waste

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第3期34卷 1-8页

作者： nirmal kumar Katiyar Saurav Goel School of Engineering London South Bank UniversityLondonSE10 AAUK University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun248007India

Sustainable energy sources are an immediate need to cope with the imminent issue of climate change the world is facing today.In particular,the long-lasting miniatured power sources that can supply energy continually to power handheld gadgets,sensors,electronic devices,unmanned airborne vehicles in space and extreme mining are some of the examples where this is an acute need.It is known from basic physics that radioactive materials decay over few years and some nuclear materials have their half-life until thousands of years.The past five decades of research have been spent harnessing the decay energy of the radioactive materials to develop batteries that can last until the radioactive reaction continues.Thus,an emergent opportunity of industrial symbiosis to make use of nuclear waste by using radioactive waste as raw material to develop bat-teries with long shelf life presents a great opportunity for sustainable energy resource development.However,the current canon of research on this topic is scarce.This perspective draws fresh discussions on the topic while highlighting future directions in this wealthy arena of research.Graphical abstract A long-lasting miniaturised nuclear battery utilising 14C radioactive isotope as fuel.

关键词： Sustainable energy Nuclear waste battery Nano-diamond

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Influence of temperature dependent heat source/sink on transient MHD free convective flow in an infinite rigid impermeable vertical cylinder with chemical reaction

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Propulsion and Power Research 2023年第4期12卷 568-583页

作者： Naveen Dwivedi Ashok kumar Singh nirmal C.Sacheti Department of Mathematics Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Department of Mathematics Sahu Jain CollegeNajibabadAffiliated to M.J.P.Rohilkhand UniversityBareilly 246763India Retired Professor Department of MathematicsCollege of ScienceSultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khod PC 123MuscatSultanate of Oman

It is increasingly apparent that the inclusion of mass transfer aspects,together with certain thermal conditions,in the momentum and energy equations governing MHD flows leads to a numbers of real life applications.Keeping this in view,we have attempted an exact analysis of heat and mass transfer aspects in transient hydromagnetic free convective flow of an incompressible viscous fluid through a vertical pipe under an externally applied magnetic field,assuming presence of chemical reaction and heat source/sink.The governing PDEs,which simplify to a set of 3 linear ODEs in the physical set up considered here,have been solved using Laplace transform technique,with solutions for key physical variables presented in the term of Bessel and modified Bessel functions.The influence of governing non-dimensional parameters,namely,Hartmann number,Schmidt number,source/sink parameter,Prandtl number and chemical reaction parameter,has been illustrated on the developing velocity and some concentration profiles.Some important quantities of engineering interest-surface skin friction and volumetric flow rates-have been computed too and analysed.Some notable finding worth mentioning are:(a)heat source presence causes higher fluid velocity as compared to the heat sink;(b)all important surface shear stress can be suitably controlled,among others,by chemical reaction parameter and Schmidt number.The key challenge of this study has been to obtain exact closed-form solutions of the field equations,including cumbersome Laplace inverses.This study finds innovative applications in the emerging fields such as magnetic materials processing,chemical processes,solar energy systems,etc.

关键词： Circular cylinder Hydromagnetic transient flow Chemical reaction Source/sink Free convection

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Hybrid Machine Learning Model for Face Recognition Using SVM

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2697-2712页

作者： Anil kumar Yadav R.K.Pateriya nirmal kumar Gupta Punit Gupta Dinesh kumar Saini Mohammad Alahmadi IES College of Technology Bhopal462044India Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal462003India Department of Information Technology Manipal University JaipurJaipur303007India Department of Computer and Communication Engineering Manipal University JaipurJaipur303007India Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah23218Saudi Arabia

Face recognition systems have enhanced human-computer interactions in the last ten years.However,the literature reveals that current techniques used for identifying or verifying faces are not immune to limitations.Principal Component Analysis-Support Vector Machine(PCA-SVM)and Principal Component Analysis-Artificial Neural Network(PCA-ANN)are among the relatively recent and powerful face analysis techniques.Compared to PCA-ANN,PCA-SVM has demonstrated generalization capabilities in many tasks,including the ability to recognize objects with small or large data samples.Apart from requiring a minimal number of parameters in face detection,PCA-SVM minimizes generalization errors and avoids overfitting problems better than PCA-ANN.PCA-SVM,however,is ineffective and inefficient in detecting human faces in cases in which there is poor lighting,long hair,or items covering the subject’s face.This study proposes a novel PCASVM-based model to overcome the recognition problem of PCA-ANN and enhance face detection.The experimental results indicate that the proposed model provides a better face recognition outcome than PCA-SVM.

关键词： Face recognition system(FRS) face identification SVM discrete cosine transform(DCT) artificial neural network(ANN) machine learning

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超声功率对冷却斜槽模压A356合金液相分数、微观组织及物理特性的影响

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Journal of Central South University 2022年第4期29卷 1098-1106页

作者： Pabak MOHAPATRA nirmal kumar KUND Department of Production Engineering VSS University of TechnologyBurla 768018India

本文采用超声振动冷却斜槽对A356合金进行成型。超声振动冷却斜槽能剪切产生半固态铸造/热处理坯料的浆料,研究了5种不同的超声功率(0、75、150、200、250 W)下坯料的液相分数、显微组织、物理特性。当超声功率为150 W时,合金的微观组... 详细信息

本文采用超声振动冷却斜槽对A356合金进行成型。超声振动冷却斜槽能剪切产生半固态铸造/热处理坯料的浆料,研究了5种不同的超声功率(0、75、150、200、250 W)下坯料的液相分数、显微组织、物理特性。当超声功率为150 W时,合金的微观组织更精细、圆整,物理特性更强。由于晶粒细化和晶界/Hall-Petch强化导致微观结构改变,从而导致物理性能改变。晶粒尺寸越小,强度/形状因子越高;晶粒均匀性越高,塑性越好。由于温度均匀化的合并作用,再加热改善了合金的微观组织;随着孔隙度的降低和溶解的增强以及均匀性的增强,在再加热过程中材料的物理性能得到改善。

关键词：超声波功率微观结构物理性能半固体铸造 A356合金冷却斜槽

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Low-cost high entropy alloy(HEA)for high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction(OER)

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 4799-4806页

作者： Lalita Sharma nirmal kumar Katiyar Arko Parui Rakesh Das Ritesh kumar Chandra Sekhar Tiwary Abhisek K.Singh Aditi Halder Krishanu Biswas School of Basic Sciences Advanced Materials Research Centre(AMRC)Indian Institute of Technology Mandi(H.P)KamandMandi 175005India Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India School of Engineering London South Bank UniversityLondonSE10 AAUK Materials Research Centre Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012India Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur 382355India

Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is the key step involved both in water splitting devices and rechargeable metal-air batteries,and hence,there is an urgent need for a stable and low-cost material for efficient OER.In the present investigation,Co-Fe-Ga-NiZn(CFGNZ)high entropy alloy(HEA)has been utilized as a low-cost electrocatalyst for OER.Herein,after cyclic voltammetry activation,CFGNZ-nanoparticles(NPs)are covered with oxidized surface and form high entropy(oxy)hydroxides(HEOs),exhibiting a low overpotential of 370 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm^(2)with a small Tafel slope of 71 mV/dec.CFGNZ alloy has higher electrochemical stability in comparison to state-of-the art RuO2 electrocatalyst as no degradation has been observed up to 10 h of chronoamperometry.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)studies after 10 h of long-term chronoamperometry test showed no change in the crystal structure,which confirmed the high stability of CFGNZ.The density functional theory(DFT)based calculations show that the closeness of d(p)-band centers to the Fermi level(EF)plays a major role in determining active sites.This work highlights the tremendous potential of CFGNZ HEA for OER,which is the primary reaction involved in water splitting.

关键词： high entropy alloy cyclic voltammetry activation oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst nanocrystalline catalyst

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An Investigation of Landslide Susceptibility Using Logistic Regression and Statistical Index Methods in Dailekh District, Nepal

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Chinese Geographical Science 2022年第5期32卷 834-851页

作者： DIL kumar RAI XIONG Donghong ZHAO Wei ZHAO Dongmei ZHANG Baojun nirmal Mani DAHAL WU Yanhong MUHAMMAD Aslam BAIG Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment(IMHE) Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Kathmandu Center for Research and Education Chinese Academy of Sciences-Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44613Nepal

Landslide distribution and susceptibility mapping are the fundamental steps for landslide-related hazard and disaster risk management activities, especially in the Himalaya region which has resulted in a great deal of death and damage to property. To better understand the landslide condition in the Nepal Himalaya, we carried out an investigation on the landslide distribution and susceptibility using the landslide inventory data and 12 different contributing factors in the Dailekh district, Western Nepal. Based on the evaluation of the frequency distribution of the landslide, the relationship between the landslide and the various contributing factors was determined.Then, the landslide susceptibility was calculated using logistic regression and statistical index methods along with different topographic(slope, aspect, relative relief, plan curvature, altitude, topographic wetness index) and non-topographic factors(distance from river, normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), distance from road, precipitation, land use and land cover, and geology), and 470(70%) of total 658 landslides. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis using 198(30%) of total landslides showed that the prediction curve rates(area under the curve, AUC) values for two methods(logistic regression and statistical index) were 0.826, and 0.823with success rates of 0.793, and 0.811, respectively. The values of R-Index for the logistic regression and statistical index methods were83.66 and 88.54, respectively, consisting of high susceptible hazard classes. In general, this research concluded that the cohesive and coherent natural interplay of topographic and non-topographic factors strongly affects landslide occurrence, distribution, and susceptibility condition in the Nepal Himalaya region. Furthermore, the reliability of these two methods is verified for landslide susceptibility mapping in Nepal’s central mountain region.

关键词： landslide characteristics landslide susceptibility logistic regression statistical index Nepal Himalaya

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Advances and effectiveness of the immunotherapy after liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第6期14卷 629-631页

作者： Sai Swarupa R Vulasala nirmal K Onteddu Sindhu P kumar Chandana Lall Priya Bhosale Mayur K Virarkar Department of Radiology University of Florida College of MedicineJacksonvilleFL 32209United States Department of Internal Medicine Flowers HospitalDothanAL 36305United States Division of Diagnostic Imaging Department of Diagnostic RadiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States

Transplant recipients usually have increased chances of graft rejection and graft vs host disease,requiring chronic immunosuppressive therapy.Nonetheless,longterm immunosuppression risks malignancies such as skin cancer,lymphoma,and Kaposi sarcoma.However,there are very few studies that included solid organ transplant recipients while studying the efficacy of immunotherapy.“Immunotherapy after liver transplantation:Where are we now?”is a study,where the authors described the mechanism of action and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors specific to liver transplant recipients.The authors reported the graft rejection rates and the factors contributing to the rejection in the liver transplant recipients.

关键词： Immunotherapy Hepatocellular carcinoma Immune checkpoint inhibitors Liver transplantation Solid organ transplant Graft rejection

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