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The Mechanical and Crystallographic Evolution of Stipa tenacissima leaves During In-Soil Biodegradation

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第3期6卷 336-346页

作者： Zakia Khelifi Mohammed Amine Allal Nabil Abou-bekr Said Taibi benoit Duchemin Normandy University ULHCNRSLOMC76600 Le HavreFrance University of Tlemcen Lab-EOLEBP 23013000 TlemcenAlgeria

The in-soil biodegradation of Stipa tenacissima(alfa)leaves was ***-linear mechanical testing was performed at various biodegradation *** strength,loading and unloading Young’s moduli and dissipation energy decreased with the burial time,whereas plasticity ***-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)showed that the fracture cracks propagated in the longitudinal direction in the raw material,resulting in a fracture mode consisting of a mixture of middle lamella delamination and fiber *** contrast,the cracks were perpendicular to the stem axis in the biodegraded material,demonstrating an important strength loss of the load-bearing *** strength loss was correlated with rapid cellulose degradation.A novel X-ray diffraction(XRD)model was implemented in order to take into account anisotropic size *** the first time,XRD demonstrated the action of biodegradation on unrefined plant tissues under quasi in-situ *** induced a progressive loss of crystalline cellulose accompanied with anisotropic crystallite thinning.

关键词： Alfa mechanical testing FE-SEM XRD biodegradation

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9 secretion by the human JAR choriocarcinoma cell line is stimulated by TNF-α

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 51-56页

作者： benoit Chenais School of Pharmacy University of Reims-Champagne ArdenneReimsFrance Department of Biology Universite du MaineLe MansFrance

The JAR choriocarcinoma cell line share many of the characteristics of early placental trophoblast cells including the invasion properties. Matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs), the main actors of matrix proteolysis, are involved in normal invasion as well as in the invasive character of tumor cells and the metastase formation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is present in the placental environment and TNF-α levels are elevated in some placental pathologies. In the present work, we addressed whether TNF-α is a modulator of JAR cell MMP secretion. Following TNF-α stimulation, zymographic analysis showed the increased secretion of the active form of MMP-2 and to a lesser extent proMMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, MMP-2 gene expression only increased slightly whereas MMP-9 and TIMP-1 transcripts were undetectable. This suggests that TNF-α may modulate the secretion of MMPs independently of MMP gene expression control.

关键词： JAR Cell Matrix Metalloproteinase Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

SesIndexCreatoR:An R Package for Socioeconomic Indices Computation and Visualization

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Open Journal of Statistics 2015年第4期5卷 291-302页

作者： benoit Lalloue Severine Deguen Jean-Marie Monnez Cindy Padilla Wahida Kihal Denis Zmirou-Navier Nolwenn le Meur Institut Gustave Roussy ParisFrance EHESP Rennes Sorbonne Paris CiteRennesFrance Inserm UMR IRSETInstitut de recherche sur la sante l’environnement et le travail-1085RennesFrance Lorraine University CNRSINRIA UMR 7502Institut Elie CartanLorraineFrance Lorraine University Medical SchoolLorraineFrance

In order to study social inequalities, indices can be used to summarize the multiple dimensions of the socioeconomic status. As a part of the Equit’Area Project, a public health program focused on social and environmental health inequalities;a statistical procedure to create (neighborhood) socioeconomic indices was developed. This procedure uses successive principal components analyses to select variables and create the index. In order to simplify the application of the procedure for non-specialists, the R package SesIndexCreatoR was created. It allows the creation of the index with all the possible options of the procedure, the classification of the resulting index in categories using several classical methods, the visualization of the results, and the generation of automatic reports.

关键词： Socioeconomic Status Multidimensional Index Principal Component Analysis Hierarchical Classification R

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight(MALDI-TOF)-Mass Spectrometry and^(13)C-NMR-Identified New Compounds in Paraberlinia bifoliolata(Ekop-Beli)Bark Tannins

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第3期12卷 553-568页

作者： Liliane Nga benoit Ndiwe Achille Bernard Biwolé Antonio Pizzi Jean Jalin Eyinga Biwole Joseph Zobo Mfomo Laboratory of Forest Resources and Wood Valorization Training Unit in Engineering SciencesPost Graduate School of Fundamental and Applied SciencesUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 1872DoualaCameroun Laboratory of Mechanics Training Unit in Engineering SciencesPost Graduate School of Fundamental and Applied SciencesUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 2701DoualaCameroun Laboratory of Studies and Research on Wood Material(leRMAB) University of LorraineNancyFrance

Extracts of plant origin,particularly tannins,are attracting growing interest for the sustainable development of materials in the industrial *** discovery of new tannins is therefore *** aim of this work was to contribute to the understanding of the properties of Paraberlinia bifoliolata tannin by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectroscopy MALDI-TOF/MS and Carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(13C NMR).The chemical composition of tannin extracted from Paraberlinia bifoliolata bark was determined,as was the mechanical strength of the resin hardened with Acacia nilotica *** by successive water extraction was 35%.MALDI-TOF/MS analysis revealed the presence of three new compounds in this tannin,previously unknown in this family of *** are 3-hydroxyproline acid,N-methyl-4-hydroxypipecolic acid and N-methyl-5-dihydroxypipecolic *** identification of the above molecules means that this tannin can be used for industrial applications,as a resin in the manufacture of particleboard and in the formulation of green corrosion *** information is reinforced by 13C NMR spectrometry,which indicates the presence of several polyflavonoid units,confirming the condensed nature of the *** analysis of the resin formed by the purified tannin of Paraberlinia bifoliolata to which a vegetal biohardener has been added provided a Modulus of Elasticity(MOE)value of 4840 MPa at 150℃,confirming its possible use as a binder resin in the manufacture of wood panels as well as for the formulation of a corrosion inhibitor.

关键词： Tannin Paraberlinia bifoliolata Central African wood species MALDI-TOF/MS 13C NMR bark extracts thermomechanical behaviour wood-binder

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非洲投资仲裁的演变

北京仲裁 2020年第2期 141-154页

作者： benoit le Bars 艾昕语(译) 朱伟东(校) Lazareff律师事务所湘潭大学法学院中国非洲研究院非洲法律研究中心

引言随着非洲逐步融入全球经济,以及它在国际争端纠纷解决方面的经验日益丰富,非洲投资仲裁正面临转型。近年来,非洲为成为一个有吸引力的投资目的地作出了巨大的努力。根据联合国贸易和发展会议(UNCTAD)发布的《2017年世界投资报告》,... 详细信息

引言随着非洲逐步融入全球经济,以及它在国际争端纠纷解决方面的经验日益丰富,非洲投资仲裁正面临转型。近年来,非洲为成为一个有吸引力的投资目的地作出了巨大的努力。根据联合国贸易和发展会议(UNCTAD)发布的《2017年世界投资报告》,非洲在2016年吸引了590亿美元的外国直接投资,占全球总投资额的3.4%。

关键词：投资仲裁国际争端纠纷解决世界投资报告总投资额外国直接投资非洲目的地

URB597对anandamide水解作用的抑制可以减少大鼠尼古丁渴求行为的再现—与大麻CB1受体拮抗剂利莫那班的比较研究

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中国药物依赖性杂志 2009年第4期18卷 346-348页

作者： benoit FORGET Kathy COEN Bernard le FOLL Translational Addiction Research Laboratory Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and University of Toronto

目的:吸烟在全世界引起了严重的健康问题,全球约5百万早产儿死于吸烟。此外,吸烟是一种以戒断后反复复吸为特点的慢性复发性疾病。尼古丁是烟草中导致人类成瘾的主要成分,可以使啮齿类动物形成持续的自身给药行为和条件性位置偏爱(CPP)... 详细信息

目的:吸烟在全世界引起了严重的健康问题,全球约5百万早产儿死于吸烟。此外,吸烟是一种以戒断后反复复吸为特点的慢性复发性疾病。尼古丁是烟草中导致人类成瘾的主要成分,可以使啮齿类动物形成持续的自身给药行为和条件性位置偏爱(CPP)。大量数据表明内源性大麻系统在尼古丁成瘾神经机制中有重要的作用。阻断CB1受体减少了尼古丁自身给药,线索诱导的尼古丁渴求的再现,以及尼古丁诱导的CPP。然而,最近的数据提示URB597通过抑制脂肪酸酰胺水解酶(fat acid amide hydrolase,FAAH)增强anandamide的传递,进而减少尼古丁关联行为,如尼古丁自身给药行为的获得和再现,尼古丁诱导大鼠CPP的表达和再现(Scherma et al.,2008)。CB1受体拮抗剂利莫他班对尼古丁自身给药累进比率(progressive ratio,PR),尼古丁点燃诱导的复吸,以及URB597对线索诱导尼古丁渴求再现的作用尚没有研究报道。本研究旨在填补这一空白。方法:大鼠在形成稳定的尼古丁累进自身给药行为后,观察利莫他班急性(0.3-3mg·kg-1,ip)或反复给药(1mg·kg-1,ip)对尼古丁转换点(breaking point)的作用。该测试完成后,所有的大鼠进行消退训练。我们比较了自身给药行为消退后URB597不可逆地选择性抑制FAAH和选择性CB1受体拮抗剂利莫他班两种干预对线索诱导的和尼古丁点燃(0.15mg·kg-1,sc)诱导的尼古丁复吸行为再现的作用。结果:利莫他班(0.3-3mg·kg-1)剂量依赖性的减少了尼古丁的转换点,1mg·kg-1的利莫他班的作用稳定。在尼古丁给药行为消退后,尼古丁点燃和尼古丁相关线索可以再现尼古丁自身给药行为。利莫他班(1mg·kg-1)和URB597(0.3 and 1mg·kg-1)显著减少了这种自身给药行为的再现。结论:本研究结果显示DB1受体的完整性是尼古丁自身给药行为动机所必需的,利莫他班可以稳定的减少这种行为。利莫他班阻断CB1受体或者通过抑制FAAH活性增强anandamide水平都减少了尼古丁渴求行为的再现。URB597的这些作用提示anadamide可能在尼古丁渴求中起抑制性的作用;这个假设还需要进一步研究介导尼古丁渴求的多种内源性大麻物质的功能。既然利莫他班在戒烟和复吸的使用上受精神副作用的限制,我们的结果提示更精确的靶相调节大麻系统可能可以预防戒烟者的复吸。

关键词： URB597 尼古丁渴求 CB1受体利莫那班

Effect of the Various Processed Food of the Far North Cameroon on the Glycemic Index

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 779-786页

作者： benoit B.Koubala Germain Kansci Abdoulaye N.P.Fifen Angèle I.Ngoufack Yvette C.M.Dadjeu Department of Life and Earth Sciences University of MarouaMarouaCameroon Department of Biochemistry University of YaoundéIYaoundéCameroon

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) has reached a pandemic proportion and has an impact on the incidence and severity of cardiovascular pathologies. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different processed food commonly consumed in Maroua (Far North Region, Cameroon) on the Glycemic Index (GI). To ameliorate the follow up of MS and population’s nutrition education, a survey was conducted among 200 families. The ten most consumed meals were selected after a food survey among 200 families. The meals were mostly made of a vegetable soup associated to a high carbohydrate staple. Vegetables and cereals were processed according to the food survey results. Then, a food tolerance test was performed on 30 male volunteers living in the same region. Among them, 12 were selected with an average age of 28.25 and a mean BMI of 19.63. They were studied on separate occasions in the morning after an overnight fast. After fasting, blood glucose was taken before and (15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) after eating a test meal compared to sucrose and glucose solution (33.33%) used as reference. Glycemic response curves were used to calculate the gi of each meal. Results show that GI of the tested meals varied significantly (p let porridge with kelenkelen-beans (Cochorus oletorius-Vigna unguiculata) sauce and red millet porridge with kelenkelen-peanut (Cochorus oletorius-Arachis hypogea) sauce exhibited the lowest GI. The highest GI was observed in corn porridge associated with fresh okra (Hibuscus esculentus) or with tasba (Cassia tora)-okra-beans sauce.

关键词： Food Processing Meals Glycemic Index Glycemia Far North Cameroon

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外星生命这里找！

新发现 2018年第8期 20-37页

作者： Mathide Fontez benoit Rey Arthur le Denn 周佩琼(编译)

它们六个从数十亿伙伴中脱颖而出。它们被称为“神奇六侠”，因为他们都是满足外星生命存在的基本条件！能在茫茫宇宙中确定这六颗系外行星不仅是一项壮举，这还是一场迄今一直在黑暗中摸索前行的大冒险所迈出的关键一步。

关键词：生命存在外星生命科普知识望远镜

Supervised learning Method: Critical Analysis and Updating of Cubing Rate Formulas for Determining Bark Masses of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae) in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 346-368页

作者： Armand Ndedy Bile Alain Mpouam benoit Fouadjio Lorette Guedeu Kambale Muhesi Steve Tassiamba Paulette Kouam Eric Wete Marius Ela Michèle Yimga Joseph Ambara Louis Aimé Fono Jean Lagarde Betti Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Wood and Forest Sciences ISABEE University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon Department of Water and Forests Higher Institute of Agronomic Veterinary and Forestry Studies of Butembo Butembo Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Biology and Plant Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Deutsche Gresellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) Bertoua Cameroon Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. Despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harvesting, some many chalenges still remain. The objective of this work is to refine the forest management parameters in relation to P. africana in the regions of Adamaoua and the South-West by developing a volume rate which makes it possible to estimate the production for a new stem. The work took place in two phases: in the South-West in 2010 and in Adamaoua in 2011. Data collection used the semi-direct method, while the cubing equation was deduced by the multiple linear regression method. Two models for volume estimation and three models for mass prediction were developed. The predictive parameters retained are diameter, height of the bole and thickness of the bark. Results show that the average mass of the dry bark for a given P. africana tree species is 27.55 ± 14.44 kg and this varies according to the site. The strong adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) observed illustrates the reliability of the proposed models. These models provide a reliable tool that can be adopted as a standard in Cameroon for P. africana.

关键词： Prunus africana Prostate Quota Mass Model Sustainable Management