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Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security

Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1590-1611页

作者： Kevin V.Pixley Jill e.Cairns Santiago Lopez-Ridaura Chris O.Ojiewo Maryam Abba Dawud Inoussa Drabo Taye Mindaye Baloua Nebie Godfrey Asea Biswanath Das Happy Daudi Haile Desmae benoit Joseph Batieno Ousmane Boukar Clare T.M.Mukankusi Stanley T.Nkalubo Sarah J.Hearne Kanwarpal S.Dhugga Harish Gandhi Sieglinde Snapp ernesto Adair Zepeda-Villarreal International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) TexcocoMexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) HarareZimbabwe International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) NairobiKenya Lake Chad Research Institute(LCRI) MaidiguriNigeria International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) DakarSenegal ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research(eIAR) Addis AbabaEthiopia National Agricultural Research Organization(NARO) KampalaUganda Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute(TARI) NaliendeleTanzania Institut de l'environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INeRA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso International Institute of Tropicl Agriculture(IITA) KanoNigeria Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT KampalaUganda

Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food *** temperatures,shifting weather patterns,and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local,regional,and global agricultural *** varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance,productivity,and profitability under climate-changed *** surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet,sorghum,maize,groundnut,cowpea,and common bean varieties,particularly in sub-Saharan *** then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these *** predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important,but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer ***,the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized;for example,(1)optimized rhizosphere microbiome,with benefits for P,N,and water use efficiency,(2)optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems,(3)lower nighttime respiration,(4)improved stover quality,and(5)increased early *** further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover,validate,and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision,accuracy,and *** conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.

关键词： climate change food security crop breeding cropping systems expert survey sub-Saharan Africa

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Plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone/cortisol ratio is not a predictor of systemic hypotension in extremely premature infants

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2013年第2期3卷 78-84页

作者： Aurelie Lacoste Jean-benoit Corcuff Antoine Benard Sandy Leproust Fabienne Nacka Olivier Brissaud Pascal Barat Département de Pédiatrie Endocrinologie PédiatriqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire BordeauxBordeauxFrance Département de Médecine Nucléaire Centre Hospitalier Universitaire BordeauxBordeauxFrance Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée Universitaire de BordeauxBordeauxFrance Pole de Sante Publique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire BordeauxBordeauxFrance Département de Pédiatrie Centre d’Investigation Clinique(CIC 0005)Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de BordeauxBordeauxFrance CHU de bordeaux Département de PédiatrieRéanimation PédiatriqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de BordeauxBordeauxFrance

Background/aims: To determine whether the 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP)/cortisol ratio as a marker of immature11-beta hydroxylase activity can predict severe systemic hypotension in preterm neonates. Methods: Serum cortisol and 17-OHP concentrations were measured in capillary blood deposited on blotter paper on day 3 post-natal age (Day 3) in infants less than 32 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The predictive value of 17-OHP/cortisol ratio for a first episode of systemic hypotension occurring after Day 3 (FeSH) was evaluated. Results: Of 105 infants included, 14 patients (13%) presented a FeSH. Neither the 17-OHP/cortisol ratio, nor the 17-OHP or cortisol concentrations were associated with the occurrence of a FeSH when adjusted for potential confounding factors. 17-OHP and cortisol were inversely associated to PMA (r = ﹣0.36 and ﹣0.40, respectively). Cortisol, but not 17-OHP, was associated with the type of hospitalization unit, the respiratory support and the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus. The 17-OHP/cortisol ratio was associated with the type of hospitalization unit only. Conclusions: The 17-OHP/ cortisol ratio at Day 3 did not predict the occurrence of a first episode of systemic hypotension after Day3 inpreterm neonates.

关键词： Relative Adrenal Insufficiency Immaturity Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Screening Program

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How Polydopamine Modulates Biological Responses to PTFe Prostheses

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2019年第5期10卷 377-392页

作者： Isabelle Talon Anne Schneider eric Mathieu Bernard Senger benoit Frisch Cendrine Seguin Vincent Ball Joseph Hemmerlé National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM UMR_S 1121 11 rue Humann Strasbourg France Pediatric surgery Department University Hospital of Strasbourg Avenue de Moliere Strasbourg France National Center of Scientific Research CNRS UMR_7199 UMR_7199 University of Pharmacy of Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin-CS 60024 Illkirch Cedex France

Diaphragm repair after congenital diaphragmatic hernia is associated with hernia recurrence due to prosthesis failure. expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFe), a synthetic non-degradable biomaterial, is currently used for those diaphragmatic defect repairs. The drawback of e-PTFe is its poor wettability that leads to coating difficulties, bonding that could favor implant integration. However, polydopamine (PDA) can be deposited as well on organic as on inorganic substrates. Therefore, we assessed the biological responses of a clinically used e-PTFe biomaterial treated with PDA in two different manners: one impregnated with PDA and the other coated with a one side PDA film. Mechanical properties of the raw e-PTFe, the PDA soaked biomaterial and the PDA coated surface were characterized by colloidal probe atomic force microscopy. Behaviors of primary human fibroblasts and Wharton’s jelly stem cells were investigated by electron microscopy. Findings reveal that the mechanical properties at the microscopic scale are not modified by the PDA treatments. Cells spread onto both PDA functionalized substrates. In addition, microscopic observations disclose numerous focal cell contacts, evidencing cell attachment, and cytoplasmic projections particularly with the nanoscale PDA coating. Results clearly suggest that PDA in general but above all the PDA coating enhance cellular colonization of the implant material.

关键词： Biomaterials expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Polydopamine Functionalization electron Microscopy

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Water use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under different irrigation regimes in a semi-arid region

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Agricultural Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 273-282页

作者： Mohamed Hakim Kharrou Salah er-Raki Ahmed Chehbouni benoit Duchemin Vincent Simonneaux Michel LePage Lahcen Ouzine Lionel Jarlan CeSBIO Centre des Etudes Spatiales de la BIOsphère Toulouse France Direction de la Météorologie Nationale Casablanca Maroc FSSM Faculté des Sciences Semlalia Marrakech Morocco LP2M2e Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Marrakech Morocco ORMVAH Office Régional de Mise en Valeur Agricole du Haouz Marrakech Morocco

In irrigation schemes under rotational water supply in semiarid region, the water allocation and irrigation scheduling are often based on a fixed-area proportionate water depth with every irrigation cycle irrespective of crops and their growth stages, for an equitable water supply. An experiment was conducted during the 2004- 2005 season in Haouz irrigated area in Morocco, which objective was i) to evaluate the effects of the surface irrigation scheduling method (existing rule) adopted by the irrigation agency on winter wheat production compared to a full irrigation method and ii) to evaluate drip irrigation versus surface irrigation impacts on water saving and yield of winter wheat. The methodology was based on the FAO-56 dual approach for the surface irrigation scheduling. Ground measurements of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to derive the basal crop coefficient and the vegetation fraction cover. The simple FAO-56 approach was used for drip irrigation scheduling. For surface irrigation, the existing rule approach resulted in yield and WUe reductions of 22% and 15%, respectively, compared with the optimized irrigation scheduling proposed by the FAO-56 for full irrigation treatment. This revealed the negative effects of the irrigation schedules adopted in irrigation schemes under rotational water supply on crops productivity. It was also demon-strated that drip irrigation applied to wheat was more efficient with 20% of water saving in comparison with surface irrigation (full irrigation treatment). Drip irrigation gives also higher wheat yield compared to surface irrigation (+28% and +52% for full irrigation and existing rule treatments respectively). The same improvement was observed for water use efficiency (+24 and +59% respectively).

关键词： Water Use efficency Yield Surface and Drip Irrigation FAO-56 Irrigation Scheduling Wheat

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Disruption of the Sugar Transporters AtSWeeT11 and AtSWeeT12 Affects Vascular Development and Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2015年第11期8卷 1687-1690页

作者： Rozenn Le Hir Lara Spinner Patrick A. W. Klemens Dipankar Chakraborti Federica de Marco Francoise Vilaine Nelly Wolff Remi Lemoine benoit Porcheron Carine Gery evelyne Teoule Salem Chabout Gregory Mouille H. ekkehard Neuhaus Sylvie Dinant Catherine Bellini institut National de La Research Agronomic UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin Univ. Paris-Sud F-78000 Versa lies France Department of Plant Physiology Umea Plant Science Centre Umea Un vers ty S-90187 Umea Sweden Universitat Kaiserslautern Pflanzenphysiologie Postfach 3049 D-67653 Kaiserslautern Germany Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Umea Plant ScienceCentre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences D-90183 Umea Sweden Unite Mixte de Recherche 7267 Ecotogie et Biologie des InteractionsUniversite de Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique F-86022 Poitiers France

Dear editor, In plants, the transport of sugars from the site of biosynthesis to the site of utilization or storage relies on sugar transporters located in different subcellular compartments and different vascular cell types. The SWeeT sugar transporter family is one such class and is represented by 17 members in Arabidopsis. AtSWeeT1 was the first plant SWeeT transporter to be characterized; it acts as a glucose uniporter in multiple systems （Chen et al., 2010）.

关键词： deficient hexose transport

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Design of Fe(3–x)O4 raspberry decorated graphene nanocomposites with high performances in lithium-ion battery

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2016年第2期25卷 270-275页

作者： Olivier Gerber Sylvie Bégin-Colin benoit P.Pichon elodie Barraud Sébastien Lemonnier Cuong Pham-Huu Barbara Daffos Patrice Simon Jeremy Come Dominique Bégin Institut de Physique et Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg UMR 7504 - CNRS Universite de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 08France RS2e - FR CNRS n 3459 Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III CIRIMAT 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis 5 rue du General Cassagnou 68300 Saint-Louis France Institut de Chimie et Procedes pour l'energie l'Environnement et la Sante UMR 7515-CNRS Universite de Strasbourg 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France

Fe（3–x）O4 raspberry shaped nanostructures/graphene nanocomposites were synthesized by a one-step polyol-solvothermal method to be tested as electrode materials for Li-ion battery（LIB）. Indeed, Fe（3–x）O4 raspberry shaped nanostructures consist of original oriented aggregates of Fe（3–x）O4 magnetite nanocrystals, ensuring a low oxidation state of magnetite and a hollow and porous structure, which has been easily combined with graphene sheets. The resulting nanocomposite powder displays a very homogeneous spatial distribution of Fe（3–x）O4 nanostructures at the surface of the graphene sheets. These original nanostructures and their strong interaction with the graphene sheets resulted in very small capacity fading upon Li＋ion intercalation. Reversible capacity, as high as 660 m Ah/g, makes this material promising for anode in Li-ion batteries application.

关键词： Graphene Fe3–xO4 raspberry shaped nanostructures Fe3–xO4/graphene nanocomposites Lithium-ion battery Reversible capacity

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前列腺近距离放疗后的直肠并发症

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 13-14页

作者： Shah S.A. Cima R.R. benoit e. R. Bleday 王志宇 Department of Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 75 Francis Street Boston MA United StatesDr.

PURPOSe: Prostate brachytherapy is gaining wide popularity as an alternative t o resection for the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer. Rectal-ureth ral fistula after prostate brachytherapy is a rare but serious complication, and its incidence, presentation, risk factors, and clinical management have not bee n well described. MeTHODS: From January 1997 to October 2002, seven patients wit h rectal-urethral fistulas were referred to two institutions (Brigham and Women ’s Hospital andWest Roxbury Veteran’s Administration Hospital) of a major teac hing referral center. Clinical presentation, risk factors, prostate staging, and clinical management were examined in a retrospective fashion. ReSULTS: Seven re ctal-urethral fistulas developed from roughly 700 (1 percent) patients treated with prostate brachytherapy for prostate cancer. The average patient age was 67. 7 years, preimplant prostate-specific antigen was 7.1, and Gleason score was 3+3. Symptoms occurred at a mean of 27 .3 months after prostate brachytherapy was started and included anorectal pain ( 57 percent), clear mucous discharge (57 percent), diarrhea (43 percent), and rec tal ulceration (43 percent). Coronary artery disease was a common comorbidity (7 1 percent). Previous transurethral resection of prostate (28 percent) and pelvic irradiation or external beam radiation therapy (14 percent) were not associated with increased risk of rectal-urethral fistula. All patients underwent a diver ting colostomy (86 percent) or ileostomy (14 percent), and four patients went on to have definitive therapy. Definitive resection was performed between 5 and 43 months after diverting ostomy and was chosen on the basis of comorbid disease, quality of life, and degree of operation. Two patients required a second diversi on after definitive resection because of anorectal pain and a colocutaneous fist ula. Postoperative complications included myocardial infarction (14 percent), bl ood transfusion (14 percent), and bow

关键词：近距离放疗尿道瘘晚期前列腺癌根治性治疗临床处理造瘘术 Gleason 根治性切除术外放疗生活质量

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南美圭亚那地盾热带森林淘金热的起因及后果

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2007年第B12期36卷 623-631页

作者： David S. Hammond Valéry Gond benoit de Thoisy Pierre-Michel Forget Bart P. e. DeDijn 王胜（译） NWFS咨询公司负责人 Département Forēt du CIRAD UPR 36 Route de Montabo BP 165 97323 Cayenne cedex French Guiana Association Kwata BP 672 F-97335 Cayenne cedex French Guiana Muséum National d＇Histoire Naturelle Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversite UMR 5176 CNRS-MNHN 4 av.du Petit Chāteau F- 91800 Brunoy Bart De Dijinenvironmental consultancy Koffielaan 30 Paramaribo Suriname 不详

历史时间序列及遥感数据的统计与空间分析都表明,在亚马孙东北部的圭亚那地盾上,黄金生产的空间分布和增长之间存在着关联。结果表明,在一个不断扩大的区域中,产量呈指数增长,这主要是对1971～1978年国际金价市场浮动的滞后反应。随后,... 详细信息

历史时间序列及遥感数据的统计与空间分析都表明,在亚马孙东北部的圭亚那地盾上,黄金生产的空间分布和增长之间存在着关联。结果表明,在一个不断扩大的区域中,产量呈指数增长,这主要是对1971～1978年国际金价市场浮动的滞后反应。随后,平均虚价(实价)上升了10倍(2倍),这造成了极具吸引力的经济刺激,导致了低等级金矿的大量开采。采矿行为的地面分布及遥感分布与那些在该区域黄金地质中占优势的矿床密切相关。在保护区和可持续发展的木材生产地区内,这些含金地层的出现触发了该区域的社会矛盾,导致环境退化。有25万多km^2被划为保护区和可持续经营的热带林区处于无人管理状态,由于缺乏综合资源利用规划,没有进行恢复工作,对非法作业失去控制,受价格驱动的采金业繁荣最终会将这些地区推入危险境地。在无节制的采矿环境中充斥着严重的公共卫生问题,这进一步抵消了采金获得的财政收入。本研究部分地证明,那些曾成功地稳定了更为著名的全球经济中心的国际经济政策是如何对偏远的商品新地域造成了无意识却又深刻的环境和社会影响。

关键词：圭亚那淘金热带森林地盾南美公共卫生问题遥感数据环境退化

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Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in Rwanda: epidemiological, Clinical and Histopathological Features in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Referral Hospital

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第10期12卷 286-298页

作者： Felicien Shikama Steve P. Bensen Robert Giraneza Prosper Ndayisaba elisée Hategekimana eric Rutaganda Aloys Tuyizere Tindoho Nkakyekorera benoit Seminega Francois Ngabonziza Placide Kamali Vincent Dusabejambo Dirk J. van Leeuwen Martin Munyaneza Frederick L. Makrauer Audrey H. Calderwood Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Gastroenterology Kigali Rwanda Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC) Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New Hampshire USA Department of Internal Medicine Ruhango District Hospital Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Pathology Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK) Department of Gastroenterology Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Internal Medicine Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Radiology Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of General Surgery Kigali Rwanda Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston USA

Background: Scant data on upper gastrointestinal cancers in Rwanda exist to guide potential prevention efforts. We evaluated the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological data among patients with gastric and esophageal tumors at a tertiary Referral Hospital in Rwanda. Methodology: We performed a retrospective review of histologically-confirmed esophageal and gastric cancers in adults age ≥ 18 yrs. old presenting to a university teaching hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare) from 2014-2019. Variables included age at diagnosis, sex, clinical presentation, tumor location and histopathological type. Results: There were 149 upper gastrointestinal cancers, of which 137 (92%) were gastric and 12 (8%) were esophageal. Gastric cancer patients had a mean age at presentation of 56.9 ± 12.3 years (range 21 - 87). Presenting symptoms were epigastric pain (78.8%), weight loss (53.3%), post-prandial vomiting (52.6%), early satiety (29.9%), epigastric mass (24.8%), hematemesis (19.7%) and melena (16.8%). The location was antrum 50.3%, corpus 21.8%, fundus 8%, and cardia 8%. Tumor type was adenocarcinoma in 94.1%. Helicobacter pylori infection was present in 108 (78.8%). esophageal cancer patients had a mean age of 54.4 ± 9.5 years (range 35 - 72). Presenting symptoms were dysphagia (100%) and weight loss (83%). The most common site was lower third esophagus (9/12), and adenocarcinoma cancer subtype accounted for 5/12 (41.6%) cases. Conclusion: Gastric adenocarcinoma was the most commonly diagnosed upper gastrointestinal cancers and was associated with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. This study lays the foundation for future work to improve cancer outcomes in Rwanda.

关键词： epidemiology Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer H. pylori Rwanda

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Factors Associated with Non-Compliance among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at the Departmental University Hospital of Borgou and Alibori in Parakou (Benin)

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2023年第4期13卷 420-434页

作者： Coovi Nonwanou Ignace Tokpanoude Séraphin Ahoui Damien Barikissou Georgia elvire S. e. Djossou Sayo Djibo Gottfried Agballa Ireti Nethania elie Ataigba Ismaël Landry Paraiso Omer Adjibode benoit S. Agossoukpe Rodrigue S. Kakpo-Zannou Badirou Aguemon Unité de Santé Publique de la Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Bénin Association des Médecins Communautaires du Bénin (AMCB) Parakou Bénin Service de Néphrologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori (CHUD/B-A) Parakou Bénin Faculté de Médecine (FMP) Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers et Obstétricaux (IFSIO) Parakou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori (CHUD/B-A) Parakou Bénin

Introduction: Therapeutic compliance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major challenge for the prevention of this condition, which is both a non-communicable disease (NCD) and a complication of other NCDs. Non-adherence to treatment (NOT) is a factor in the poor prognosis of CKD in developing countries, particularly in Benin. The aim of this study was to evaluate therapeutic compliance (TC) and determine the factors associated with non-compliance in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing treatment at the Departmental University Hospital of Borgou and Alibori in Parakou (CHUD/B-A). Patients and Methods: This study was carried out in the Nephrology Department of CHUD/B-A. It was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with analytical aims that ran from December 25, 2022 to March 15, 2023 and covered data from 2017 to 2022. It involved 345 patient records meeting the diagnosis of CKD according to the KDIGO 2012 criteria. NOT was defined by a Girerd score evaluation greater than or equal to 3. Data processing and analysis were performed with R software version 4.3.0. Results: The mean age (SD) of patients was 50 years (±14.9). The prevalence of NOT was 57.1%. Potential predictors of non-adherence were: monthly revenue (p = 0.009), mode of admission (p = 0.001), phytotherapy (p = 0.040), traditional treatment (p = 0.049) and quantity of drugs (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Therapeutic compliance among chronic kidney patients still needs to be improved through awareness-raising sessions.

关键词： Chronic Kidney Disease Therapeutic Non-Adherence Girerd Assessment Chronic Renal Failure Benin

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