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Screening of Anti-Infectives against Leishmania donovani

Advances in Microbiology 2016年第1期6卷 13-22页

作者： Henry Nettey Grace Lovia Allotey-Babington benoit banga nguessan Barima Afrane Mustafa Tagoe Anokye Ababio Patience Botchway Yvonne Darko Clement Sasu Alexander Nyarko School of Pharmacy University of Ghana Legon Ghana School of Pharmacy Mercer University Atlanta GA USA

Aim: To evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of several anti-infective agents alone and in combination against Leishmania donovani. Method: A convenient stratified sampling method was used to obtain selected anti-infective agents. For individual drug samples, Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentrations (IC50) were obtained using the broth dilution method. The IC50’s of the drugs which were active against L. donovani were used as reference values to prepare drug combinations for the modified microdilution checkerboard method. Results: Five (5) out of the fifty-six (56) drugs used showed activity (inhibition of cell growth) against L. donovani cells. They include Quinine sulphate (IC50 = 0.089 μg/ml), gentamicin (IC50 = 8.1 μg/ml), amodiaquine (IC50 = 138 μg/ml) and the two standard drugs: Amphotericin B (IC50 = 6.3 μg/ml) and Pentamidine (IC50 = 25 μg/ml). The remaining fifty-one (51) drugs did not show any inhibition within the range of concentrations used (1.25 - 160 μg/ml). The drug combinations of Pentamidine/Amodiaquine, Pentamidine/ Quinine sulphate, Pentamidine/Gentamicin, Amphotericin B/Quinine Sulphate, Amphotericin B/ Gentamicin, Amodiaquine/Quinine sulphate and Amodiaquine/Gentamicin showed synergistic effects against L. donovani whereas the Amphotericin B/Amodiaquine combination was antagonistic. Notable in the results obtained was the high effectiveness of quinine sulphate in inhibiting the growth of L. donovani. Quinine sulphate, though not indicated for leishmania treatment, was more effective than the two standard drugs and has a potential of playing a significant role in the treatment of leishmaniasis. Conclusion: This study has revealed five (5) anti-infective agents that by themselves or in combinations show activity against L. donovani. Some of the drug combinations which showed synergism should further be investigated. These results have to be confirmed by in vivo studies to d

关键词： Anti-Infectives Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration Leishmania donovani

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Nutraceutical with Anti-Inflammatory Activity for the Management of Airway Remodeling in Bronchial Asthma: <i>Kalanchoe integra</i>Var. Crenata (Andr.) Cuf Leaf Extract

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第3期5卷 250-261页

作者： Asiedu-Gyekye Isaac Julius Awortwe Charles Nyamekye Effah Samuel Antwi Daniel Ansong Seidu Mahmood Adjei Samuel banga N’guessan benoit Kwame Amoateng Patrick Nkansah Edwin Department of Animal Experimentation Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health Sciences Legon Ghana Department of Chemical Pathology School of Allied Health Sciences College of Health Sciences Korle-Bu Ghana Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Ghana School of Pharmacy College of Health Sciences Legon Ghana Department of Physiology University of Ghana Medical School Col-lege of Health Sciences Korle-Bu Ghana Division of Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Stellenbosch Cape Town South Africa

Background: Kalanchoe integra is widely used in folklore medicine as an antiasthmatic agent. Previous studies have shown the ameliorating effect of Kalanchoe integra leaf extract [KILE] on bronchial hyperesponsiveness and inflammation. Further, the stabilizing effect of Kalanchoe sp on mast cell degranulation, suggests that Kalanchoe species are suitable candidates for allergic asthma therapy. This study is designed to investigate the anti-asthmatic potential of KILE and monitor the accompanying histopathological and immunobiochemical changes that occur in an animal model of bronchial asthma using ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs. Method: Thirty male guinea pigs were divided into five groups of six animals each. Bronchial asthma was simulated in guinea pigs using ovalbumin. Both low dose (300 mg/kg) and high dose extract (900 mg/kg) were administered daily for 42 days. Prednisolone (2.5 mg/kg) was the standard drug used. Results: Guinea pigs in all KILE treated groups maintained the integrity of their airway structures: bronchial folds and walls, alveoli, alveolar ducts and sacs. KILE and prednisolone caused a reduction in immune parameters (p 0.001), extent of bronchoconstriction, bronchial wall thickness and goblet cell accumulation in the sensitized guinea pigs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the anti-asthmatic potential of KILE during prolonged administration by the oral route.

关键词： Kalanchoe Integra Asthma Bronchoconstriction Goblet Cells Perivascular Oedema

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