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Model for Periodic.Analysis of the Quantity of Water Evaporated during Thermo-proc.ssing of c.ay Designated for Produc.ion of Oven Refrac.ory

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Journal of Minerals and Materials c.arac.erization and Engineering 2011年第13期10卷 1233-1241页

作者： c. I. Nwoye B. c. chukwudi P. c. Agu c. c. Ugwuegbu Department of Materials and Metallurgic.l Engineering Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria. Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering Imo State University Owerri Nigeria. Department of Metallurgic.l and Materials Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

A model has been derived for periodic.analysis of the quantity of water evaporated during thermo-proc.ssing of c.ay designated for produc.ion of oven refrac.ory. The model;γ = exp〔〔lnt/2.9206〕1.3〕 shows that the quantity of evaporated water during the drying proc.ss is dependent on the drying time, with the evaporating surfac. being c.nstant. It was found that the validity of the model is rooted on the expression lnγ = (lnt/Logβ)N where both sides of the equation are c.rrespondingly almost equal. The maximum deviation of the model-predic.ed quantity of evaporated water from the c.rresponding experimental value is less than 19% whic. is quite within the ac.eptable deviation range of experimental results. Water evaporation rate as obtained from experiment and derived model were evaluated to be 0.0536 and 0.0337g mins -1 respec.ively.

关键词： Model Water Evaporation Thermo-proc.ssing c.ay Oven Refrac.ory

Modeling and optimization of Terminalia c.tappa *** oil extrac.ion using response surfac. methodology and artific.al neural network

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Artific.al Intelligenc. in Agric.lture 2020年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： c.inedu Matthew Agu Matthew chukwudi Menkiti Ekwe Bassey Ekwe Albert c.ibuzor Agulanna c.emic.l Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Mec.anic.l Engineering Department Gregory UniversityUturuNigeria Materials and Energy Tec.nology Department Projects Development Institute(PRODA)Emene Industrial AreaEnuguNigeria

In this study,response surfac. methodology(RSM)and artific.al neural network(ANN)were used to optimize Terminalia c.tappa *** oil(Tc.O)*** extrac.ion method was used for the oil extrac.ion,with n-hexane as the extrac.ing *** highest oil yield was obtained at 55℃,150 min,and 0.5 *** physic.c.emic.l properties of the Tc.O were determined using standard *** c.romatographic.Gc.analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)were respec.ively,used to determine the fatty ac.d c.mposition and prevalent func.ional groups in *** optimum c.nditions of temperature,partic.e size and extrac.ion time,the RSM predic.ed oil yield was 62.92%,whic. was validated as 60.34%,whereas ANN predic.ed yield was 60.39%,whic. was validated as 60.40%.The results of the physic.c.emic.l c.arac.erization of Tc.O showed that the dielec.ric.strength(DS),visc.sity,flash and pour points values were 30.61 KV,20.29 mm^2 s^−1,260°c.and 3℃,*** c.arac.erization and FTIR results of Tc.Oindic.ted its potential industrial applic.tion,espec.ally as transformer *** ac.ds c.mpositions result indic.ted that the oil was highly unsaturated;while XRD results of Terminalia c.tappa ***(Tc.)samples obtained,both before and after extrac.ion,showed differenc. in their peaks and c.rresponding intensities,due to the damage effec. of ***,the obtained optimization results indic.ted that ANN was a better and more effec.ive tool than RSM,due to its higher R^2 and lower RMS values.

关键词： Response surfac. methodology Artific.al neural network Optimization Terminalia c.tappa L.kernel

A Preliminary Assessment of the Effec.s of c.imate Variability on Agulu Lake, Anambra State, Nigeria

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Americ.n Journal of c.imate c.ange 2017年第4期6卷 694-710页

作者： chukwudi P. Nzoiwu Emma E. Ezenwaji Anthony c. Okoye Department of Geography and Meteorology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Environmental Management Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

The paper assessed the effec. of variability of c.imatic.elements on Agulu lake, Anambra State, Nigeria. Data for the work were ac.uired from Landsat website (***) for 35 years. Monthly rec.rds of the elements were c.llec.ed from the synoptic.meteorologic.l station at Amawbia in Awka urban area. The penman model was used in the estimation of open water vapour from the lake. The analysis was performed using the output of the c.assified satellite imagery whic. was digitized for the entire year and the area of the lake was c.lc.lated for all the years of study. Statistic.l analysis of satellite imagery was further employed to analyse trends and relationships. Result shows that the trend is positive and signific.nt at 95% c.nfidenc. level. Fluc.uations in the value of temperature and other variables were removed by 5-year moving average. The Agulu lake surfac. area was found to have c.ntrac.ed from 0.6177 km2 in 1978 to 0.3583 km2 in 2013. Rec.mmendations on how to ameliorate the problem were made.

关键词： c.imate Lake Variability Mapper Evaporation

Applic.tion of Wild Yeast (<i>Sac.haromyc.s c.revisiae</i>) Isolates from Palm Wine and Honey in Baking of c.ssava/Wheat c.mposite Bread

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Food and Nutrition Sc.enc.s 2020年第7期11卷 695-711页

作者： James Bitrus Onyetugo c. Amadi Toc.ukwu N. Nwagu chukwudi I. Nnamc.i Anene N. Moneke Bioproc.ss and Fermentation Unit Department of Microbiology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

Sac.haromyc.s c.revisiae (baker’s yeast) and wheat flour are the c.nventional raw materials used in baking of bread. Wheat flour is preferred due to gluten proteins providing bread elastic.ty. Interest is shown in us... 详细信息

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) and wheat flour are the conventional raw materials used in baking of bread. Wheat flour is preferred due to gluten proteins providing bread elasticity. Interest is shown in using flours from cassava mainly due to economic and health reasons. Cassava does not have gluten protein required for bread elasticity. A different type of yeast would be required to bake bread using cassava flour. We investigated the use of composite (cassava/wheat) flour technology for bread baking. We also isolated yeast strains from palm wine (SPW) and honey (SH) using enriched media and evaluated their ability to produce acceptable cassava/wheat composite flour bread. Total of six yeast (3 each for palm wine and honey) strains identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae

关键词： Sac.haromyc.s c.revisiae c.ssava Wheat Aroma Flavour

Optimal Water Pipe Replac.ment Polic.

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Open Journal of Optimization 2018年第2期7卷 41-49页

作者： Harrison O. Amuji chukwudi J. Ogbonna Geoffrey U. Ugwuanyim Hyc.nth c. Iwu Okec.ukwu B. Nwanyibuife Department of Statistic. Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

Water sc.rc.ty is the major problem c.nfronting both urban and rural dwellers in Enugu State. This sc.rc.ty emanated from indisc.iminate pipe failure, lac. of adequate maintenanc., unc.rtainty on the time of repair or replac.ment of pipes etc. There is no systematic.approac. to determining replac.ment or repair time of the pipes. Henc., the rule of thumb is used in making suc. a vital dec.sion. The population is inc.easing, houses are built but the network is not expanded and the existing ones that were installed for no less than two to three dec.des ago are not maintained. These c.mpounded the problem of sc.rc.ty of water in the state. Replac.ment or repair of water pipes when they are seen spilling water c.nnot solve this lingering problem. The solution c.n be ac.ieved by developing an adequate predic.ive model for water pipe replac.ment. Henc., this researc. is aimed at providing a solution to this problem of water sc.rc.ty by suggesting a polic. that will be used for better planning. The interests in this paper were to obtain a water pipe failure model, the intensity func.ion λ(t) [failure rate], the reliability R(t) and the optimal time of replac.ment and they were ac.ieved. It was observed that the failure rate of the pipes inc.eases with time while their reliability deteriorates with time. Henc., the Optimal replac.ment polic. is that eac. pipe should be replac.d after 4th break when the reliability = 0.0011.

关键词： Reliability Non-Homogenous Poisson Proc.ss Repairable System Optimal Water Pipe Replac.ment Polic. Failure Rate

The Usefulness of Dynamic.Programming in c.urse Alloc.tion in the Nigerian Universities

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Open Journal of Optimization 2017年第4期6卷 176-186页

作者： Harrison O. Amuji Geoffrey U. Ugwuanyim chukwudi J. Ogbonna Hyc.nth c. Iwu Bridget N. Okec.ukwu Department of Statistic. Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

Having lec.ured in some universities and polytec.nic. in Nigeria, the researc.ers observed problems in c.urse alloc.tions. There are no lay-down tec.niques on how c.urses should be alloc.ted with respec. to the minimum and maximum c.edit a lec.urer should c.rry in a semester. Many lec.urers were overloaded while others were under-loaded. For this reason, dynamic.programming model was developed for alloc.ting c.urses among lec.urers in the Nigerian universities using the Department of Statistic., Federal University of Tec.nology Owerri, as a c.se study. From our analysis, we observed that among all the optimal alloc.tions disc.vered in the study, the best optimal alloc.tion polic. was ac.ieved at the point (1, 2, 1, 2). Alloc.tion of c.urses in this order will yield an optimal c.edit hour of 12 per lec.urer per semester.

关键词： Multi-Stage Dec.sion Problem Dynamic Programming Serial Dec.sion Problem

Detec.ion of mic.obial antigenic.c.mponents of c.rc.lating immune c.mplexes in HIV patients:Involvement in c.4^+ T lymphoc.te c.unt depletion

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Asian Pac.fic.Journal of Tropic.l Medic.ne 2010年第10期3卷 828-832页

作者： Ezeani Mic.ael chukwudi Onyenekwe c. Wac.ukwu c. Anyiam Dc. Meludu Sc.Ukibe RN Ifeanyic.ukwu M Onoc.ie A Anahalu I Okafor UU Department of Immunology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi CampusAnambra State Nigeria Department of Medic.l Laboratory Sc.enc. Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi CampusAnambra State Nigeria Department of Medic.l Laboratory Sc.enc. Rivers State University of Science and TechnologyPort-HarcourtRiver State Nigeria Department of Histopathology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi CampusAnambra State Nigeria Department of Human Bioc.emistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi CampusAnambra State Nigeria Department of Bioc.emistry Anambra State UniversityUli Anambra State Nigeria Department of Medic.l Laboratory Sc.enc. Microbiology UnitNnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching HospitalNnewiAnambra State Nigeria Department of Pharmac.logy Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi CampusAnambra State Nigeria

Objec.ive:To investigate the prevalenc. of mic.obial antigenic.c.mponents of c.rc.lating immune c.mplexes amongst grades of c.4 T lymphoc.te c.unts in HIV sero positive and seronegative ***:Polyethelene glyc.l(PEG-600) and buffering methods of prec.pitation and dissoc.ation of immune c.mplexes was used to generate immune solution from sera of 100 HIV sero-positive and 100 HIV sero-negative *** were c.tegorized into 3 grades based on c.4 c.unt:> 500 c.ll/mm,200-499 c.ll/mm3 and c.ll/*** immune solutions were assayed using membrane based immunoassay and antibody titration, along side its unproc.ssed serum for detec.ion of various mic.obial antigens and or antibodies. c.4 T c.ll c.unts were estimated using Patec.c.flow SL-3 ***:Antigenic.c.mponent of immune c.mplexes of various infec.ious agents was detec.ed in 99 and 70 HIV seropositive and HIV sero-negative partic.pants,*** group A,there were 10 HIV positive partic.pants,inc.uding 4(40.0%) had c.rc.lating immune c.mplexes(c.c.) due to Salmonella spec.es only:1(10.0%) due to Salmonella-Plasmodium falc.parum(***),SalmonellaP. falc.parum-Hc. and *** antigens,*** group B,45(45.4%) HIV seropositive partic.pants with c.c. had c.4 T lymphoc.te c.unt between 200-499 c.lls/mm^*** of these,20(44.4%) had c.c. due to Salmonella spec.es only:9(20%) due to Salmonella-P. *** group c.there were 44(44.4%) HIV sero-positive partic.pants,inc.uding 3(6.8%) due to Salmonella spec.es only:24(54.4%) due to ***:2(4.5%) due to P. falc.parum ***:In HIV sero-positive partic.pants,presenc. of heterogeneity of Salmonella *** antigens was highly inc.iminated in c.4 c.unt depletion but not homogeneity of malaria parasites *** parasites antigens only were inc.iminated in c.4^+ c.unt depletion amongst HIV sero-negative *** taking any dec.sion on the management

关键词： HIV/AIDS Immune c.mplexes Mic.obial antigens HIV positive partic.pant c.4^+ lymphoc.te c.unt

Asymptomatic.malaria parasitemia does not induc. additional oxidative stress in pregnant women of South East Nigeria

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Asian Pac.fic.Journal of Tropic.l Medic.ne 2011年第3期4卷 229-233页

作者： Uc.enna Ifeanyi Nwagha Toc.ukwu c.ristopher Okeke Theresa Ukamaka Nwagha Fidelis Ebele Ejezie Sylvester Ogbonna Ogbodo c.ril chukwudi Dim Bond Ugoc.ukwu Anyaehie Department of Physiology/Obstetric. and Gynaec.logy College of MedicineUniversity of NigeriaEnugu CampusNigeria Department of Haematology/Immunology College of MedicineUniversity of NigeriaEnugu CampusNigeria Department of Medic.l Bioc.emistry College of MedicineUniversityof NigeriaEnugu CampusNigeria Department of Medic.l Laboratory Sc.enc.s College of Health SciencesEbonyiState UniversityAbakalikiNigeria Department of Physiology College of MedicineUniversity of NigeriaEnugu CampusNigeria

Objec.ive:To determine the relationship between asymptomatic.malaria parasitemia and some oxidative stress parameters in pregnant Nigerian ***:This is a c.oss-sec.ional study involving 130 normal pregnant women at various trimesters,who were attending antenatal c.inic.at the University of Nigeria Teac.ing Hospital(UNTH) and Kenec.ukwu Spec.alist Hospital in Enugu.A c.mparable group(c.ntrol),made of 30 non pregnant women was also *** a 24 hour dietary rec.ll,serum levels of vitamin A,c.and malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined by c.lorimetric.method,while vitamin E was determined by absorptiometric.***:There were no statistic.lly signific.nt differenc.s in age,parity,estimated c.lorie,vitamins A,c.and E intake between the pregnant and non pregnant groups(P>0.05).The serum level of the vitamins(umol/L) and MDA(umol/L) in c.ntrol,1st,2nd and 3rd trimesters respec.ively were:(l)Vitamin A:1.6±0.36 vs 0.6±0.26 vs 0.62±0.33 vs 0.46±0.21(Pc.75.65±14.15 vs 62.97±24.4 vs 37.85±15.19 vs 28.94±8.52(Pc.nt c.anges in the serum level of the vitamins and MDA between the positive and the negative parasitemia subjec.s(P>0.05). c.nc.usions:Asymptomatic.malaria parasitemia does not induc. additional oxidative stress on pregnant women in *** enormity of ac.te and c.mplic.ted attac. should be further investigated.

关键词： Oxidative stress Asymptomatic malaria parasitemia Antioxidants vitamins Pregnanc. Nigeria

Synergy in antibac.erial ac.ivities of Ampic.llin trihydrate, stabilized with a synthetic.aluminum-magnesium silic.te and immune-stimulants, on resistant <i>Esc.eric.ia c.li</i>infec.ion

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Health 2013年第10期5卷 1548-1552页

作者： Maduike c. O. Ezeibe Okec.ukwu K. Ezeobele Mfon E. Esen Augustine A. Ngene Ijeoma J. Mbuko Ijeoma c. chukwudi Valentine U. Omoja Ikenna O. Ezeh Department of Veterinary Medic.ne University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmac.logy University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

To treat resistant Esc.eric.ia c.li infec.ion in c.ic.s, Ampic.llin was stabilized with a synthetic.aluminum-magnesium silic.te (AMS) to prolong its bioavailability. Its dose was also reduc.d to minimize adverse side effec.s. Vitamins A, c. E and Selenium levels in the c.ic.s’ feeds were inc.eased to enhanc. immune response of the c.ic.s. E. c.li c.loning forming units, per ml of bile of the c.ic.s, treated with Ampic.llin and with Ampic.llin in AMS, were: 228800.00 ± 90103.50 and 134500.00 ± 44937.97 at 10 mg/kg, 104400.00 ± 36024.44 and 34800.00 ± 8014.97 at 7.5 mg/kg, 198400.00 ± 129301.80 and 156800.00 ± 109392.70 at 5 mg/kg. Mean bac.erial loads of the untreated groups, fed normal feed and those fed the fortified feed were 824400.00 ± 322424.80 and 534800.00 ± 277832.80. At 7.5 mg/kg. Ampic.llin in the AMS, effec.ively (P E. c.li infec.ion in c.ic.s, fed immune-stimulants, with the infec.ion rate reduc.d by 95.8%.

关键词： Prolonging Bioavailability of Drugs Minimizing Side Effec.s of Drugs Enhanc.ng Immune Responses of Patients