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Biological soil crusts and their potential applications in the sand land over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第1期16卷 20-29页

作者： Yuan Zhang benli liu Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification/Research Station of Gobi Desert Ecology and Environment in Dunhuang of Gansu Province(Dunhuang) Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningQinghai 810008China

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is now experiencing ecological degradation risks as a result of climate change and human *** alpine grassland ecology in permafrost zones is fragile and susceptible to deterioration due to its high altitude,low temperature,and limited oxygen,which complicates the repair of damaged *** soil crusts(BSCs)are crucial for land restoration in plateau regions because they can thrive in harsh conditions and have environmentally beneficial *** biological soil crust(IBSC)has shown success in low-altitude desert regions,but may not be easily duplicated to the plateau ***,it is essential to do a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the basic theoretical comprehension and practical application of BSCs on the Tibetan *** review article aims to provide a brief summary of the ecological significance and the mechanisms related to the creation,growth,and progression of *** discusses the techniques used for cultivating BSCs in laboratories and using them in the field,focusing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau *** thoroughly discussed the potential and the required paths for further *** study may be used as a basis for selecting suitable microbial strains and accompanying supplemental actions for implementing IBSCs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Biological soil crusts Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Alpine sand areas Inoculated biological soil crusts technology Algae Cyanobacteria

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Large scale sand saltation over hard surface:a controlled experiment in still air

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第6期13卷 599-611页

作者： liu benli WANG Zhaoyun NIU Baicheng QU Jianjun Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Research Station of Gobi Desert Ecology and Environment in Dunhuang of Gansu Province Lanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Qinghai Normal University Xining 810004China

Saltation is the major particle movement type in wind erosion *** sand grains can rebound up to tens of times larger in length and height over hard surface(such as gravel surface)than over loose sand *** usually have different faces,causing distinct response of the impacting grains,but the effects of the grain and gravel-surface contact angle on grain rebound are not yet well *** performed full-range controlled experiments of grain saltation using different contact angles,grain sizes and impact speeds in still air,to show that contact angle increases the height of representative saltation path but decreases particle travel *** results were compared with outputs from the COMprehensive numerical model of SALTation(COMSALT).Large saltation height of 4.8 m and length of 9.0 m were *** maximum and representative saltation height over the gravel surface were found to be about 4.9 times and 12.8 times those over the loose sandy surface,*** maximum saltation length may be reduced by 58%and the representative saltation height may be increased by 77%as contact angle increases from 20°to 40°.We further showed that the collision inertia contributes 60%of the saltation length,and wind contributes to the other 40%.These quantitative findings have important implications for modeling saltation trajectory over gravel surface.

关键词： sand saltation trajectory gravel surface contact angle full-scale experiment

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Computational fluid dynamics evaluation of the effect of different city designs on the wind environment of a downwind natural heritage site

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第1期6卷 69-79页

作者： benli liu JianJun QU QingHe NIU JunZhan WANG KeCun ZHANG Dunhuang Gobi & Desert Ecological and Environmental Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences

Disturbance in wind regime and sand erosion deposition balance may lead to burial and eventual vanishing of a *** study conducted 3D computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations to evaluate the effect of a proposed city design on the wind environment of the Crescent Spring,a downwind natural heritage site located in Dunhuang,Northwestern *** terrain data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)Digital Elevation Model(DEM)were used to construct the solid surface ***-state Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations(RANS)with shear stress transport(SST)k-ωturbulence model were then applied to solve the flow field ***-use changes were modeled implicitly by dividing the underlying surface into different areas and by applying corresponding aerodynamic roughness *** were performed by using cases with different city areas and building *** show that the selected model could capture the surface roughness changes and could adjust wind profile over a large *** profiles varied over the greenfield to the north and over the Gobi land to the east of the ***,different wind speed reduction effects were observed from various city construction *** current city design would lead to about 2 m/s of wind speed reduction at the downwind city edge and about 1 m/s of wind speed reduction at the north of the spring at 35-m *** the city height in the north greenfield area could efficiently eliminate the negative effects of wind *** contrast,restricting the city area worked better in the eastern Gobi area compared with other parts of the study *** speed reduction in areas near the spring could be limited to 0.1 m/s by combining these two abatement *** CFD method could be applied to simulate the wind environment affected by other land-use changes over a large terrain.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics wind environment wind profile large terrain Crescent Spring

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Estimation of wind erosion from construction of a railway in arid Northwest China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第2期5卷 102-108页

作者： benli liu Larry E.Wagner Duihu Ning Jianjun Qu Dunhuang Gobi Desert Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China USDA-ARS Agricultural Systems Research Unit Fort CollinsCO 80526USA International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation Bejing 100048China

A state-of-the-art wind erosion simulation model,the Wind Erosion Prediction System and the United States Environmental Protection Agency's AP 42 emission factors formula,were combined together to evaluate wind-blown dust emissions from various construction units from a railway construction project in the dry Gobi land in Northwest *** influence of the climatic factors:temperature,precipitation,wind speed and direction,soil condition,protective measures,and construction disturbance were taken into *** by daily and sub-daily climate data and using specific detailed management fles,the process-based WEPS model was able to express the beginning,active,and ending phases of construction,as well as the degree of disturbance for the entire scope of a construction *** Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-speed Railway was selected as a representative study because of the diversities of different cli-mates,soil,and working schedule conditions that could be *** erosion from different working units included the building of roadbeds,bridges,plants,temporary houses,earth spoil and barrow pit areas,and vehicle transportation were *** total wind erosion emissions,7406 t,for the first construction area of section LXS-15 with a 14.877 km length was obtained for quantitative *** method used is applicable for evaluating wind erosion from other complex surface dis-turbance projects.

关键词： Wind erosion Railway construction WEPS USEPA

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Climate change inferred from aeolian sediments in a lake shore environment in the central Tibetan Plateau during recent centuries

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2018年第2期10卷 134-144页

作者： benli liu JianJun Qu ShiChang Kang Bing liu Dunhuang Gobi Desert Ecological and Engineering Research Station/Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences

Studies of the past climate variation on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) are currently limited in number and low in density and temporal resolution. We investigated the climate condition from about 400 years before present(B.P.) in the central TP at the shore of Co(means "lake") Nag using aeolian sediments. A 2.7-m sand profile with 57 sediment samples and six optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) samples were studied through grain-size analysis, geochemical elements and parameters, and depositional rate estimation. A previous assumption was verified that sand deposition at the shore of Lake Co Nag originated from hills to the east. Two significant wet periods between 90–140 and about 380 years B.P. were indicated by the variation of element profiles and sediment depositional rates. Aeolian activity is sensitive to variations from different seasonal changing patterns of climate factors in the study area, and aeolian sediments respond differently to climate conditions during the cold little ice age(LIA) and the warm 20 th century. Present day dry seasons of winter and spring might be much warmer and drier compared to seasons of 400 years ago although summer precipitation has increased, resulting in significantly more aeolian activity and higher depositional rate(about 6 times compared to 380–240 years ago) of sandy sediments. Aeolian problems like blown-sand deposition and desertification may be worse in a projected warming future in the central TP as well as other cold and high altitude regions. Our results suggest an agreement with environmental evolution during the little ice age and the 20 th century in a broader scale on the TP.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau aeolian sediments geochemical element OSL dating

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Protective benefits of HDPE board sand fences in an environment with variable wind directions on Gobi surfaces:wind tunnel study

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第10期21卷 3353-3367页

作者： ZHANG Kai TIAN Jianjin liu benli ZHAO Yanhua ZHANG Hailong WANG Zhenghui DENG Yuhui College of Civil Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

The Golmud-Korla Railway in the Gobi area faces operational challenges due to sand hazards,caused by strong and variable *** study addresses these challenges by conducting wind tunnel tests to evaluate the protective benefits of High Density Polyethylene(HDPE)board sand fences,focusing on their orientation relative to various wind directions(referred to as'wind angle').This study found that the size of the low-velocity zone on the leeward side of the sand fences(LSF)expanded with an increase in the wind angle(WA).At 1H(the height of the sand fence)and 2H positions on the LSF,the wind speed profiles(WSP)exhibited a segmented logarithmic growth,constrained by Z=H at varying *** efficacy of the sand fence in obstructing airflow escalated as WA *** size of the WA has a significant impact on the protective efficiency of HDPE board sand ***,compared to typical sandy surfaces,the rate of sand transport across the Gobi surface diminishes more slowly with height,attributed to the gravel's rebound *** phenomenon allows some sand particles to bypass the fences,rendering them less effective at blocking wind and trapping sand than in sandy *** paper offers scientific evidence supporting the practical use and enhancement of HDPE board sand fences in varied wind conditions.

关键词： Variable wind directions Blown sand control Wind tunnel tests HDPE board sand fences

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A misleading way to transform the natural desert into farmland

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The Innovation 2022年第3期3卷 11-12页

作者： benli liu Bo Wu Ziqiang Lei Jinnian Tang Yongchun Zheng Department of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Desertification Studies/Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China Gansu Desert Control Research Institute Lanzhou 730071China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Yi et *** a concept of“desert soilization”and an idea of“omni-directional integrative(ODI)constraint”in the paper of The Innovation.1 In their practice,a“constraining material”was used to bind the sands in the Ulan Buh *** is claimed that theirmethod can transform the desert into *** havemany doubts about this method and disagree with their *** would like to discuss these questions and clarify our stand *** et *** make it clear that their test is only valid in areas with shallow groundwater levels.

关键词： shallow groundwater Desert

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Progress on research and mitigation of wind-blown sand risk in Dunhuang Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Spring Scenic area,China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2023年第3期15卷 113-121页

作者： benli liu KeCun Zhang JianJun Qu HaiJiang Li QingHe Niu ZhiShan An YingJun Pang LiHai Tan GenSheng Yang Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands/Research Station of Gobi Desert Ecology and Environment in Dunhuang Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) GuangzhouGuangdong 51145China Administrative Office of the Dunhuang Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Spring National Scenic Spot DunhuangGansu 736200China Institute of Desertification Studies Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China

The Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Spring Scenic Spot in Dunhuang,Northwest China is a world-renowned desert attraction that is also an integral component of the Dunhuang UNESCO Global *** scenic area underwent a 30-year transformation,i.e.,from a severe sand risk with spring water threatened by sand burial due to dune deformation,to restoration of the original sand flow field and mitigation of the sand burial *** current paper summarizes the research on the intensive monitoring of the dynamic change of star dunes near the spring,observation of wind and sand flow movement,and then restoring the harmonic vibration of the sand particles(singing sand)that were previously *** existing and prospective impacts of anthropogenic and natural forces on the deformation of the sand dunes are investigated by integrated methods,guiding the implementation of mitigating measures with significant ameliorative *** to common sand control practices that aim to reduce wind speed and stop blown sands,our research highlights the importance of maintaining the natural wind flow field in stabilizing surrounding *** mitigation measures consist of removing excessive vegetation and newly constructed buildings to recover the original wind flow field and sand transport *** research and mitigation efforts ensure the scientific protection and restoration of the special desert landform,and contribute to the mutual enhancement of the conservation and exploitation of this desert scenic spot and similar sites.

关键词： Singing Sand Mountain Crescent Spring Wind-blown sand problem Wind flow field Star dune

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Mechanisms of the formation of wind-blown sand hazards and the sand control measures in Gobi areas under extremely strong winds along the Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第2期66卷 292-302页

作者： Jianjun QU Tao WANG Qinghe NIU benli liu Lihai TAN Qingjie HAN Yang GAO Jianhua XIAO Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification/Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecology and Environment Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou511458China

The Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway(HSR)traverses areas of the Gobi Desert where extremely strong winds are *** strong winds cause sand/gravel hazards,an unaddressed issue that often seriously compromises the safe operation of the *** paper studies the mechanisms leading to wind-blown sand hazards and the outcomes of sand control projects in these *** main findings are as follows:(1)Cold northern airflows over the Tian Shan mountain range are accelerated by the wind tunnels and downslope effect as they pass over complex terrain comprising passes,gullies,and proluvial ***,the wind intensity often increases two-to threefold,creating frequent high-speed winds that lead to severe sand damage along the HSR.(2)In the Gobi areas with extremely strong winds,sand grains can be lifted as high as 9 m from the ground into the air,far higher than in other areas of the *** sand transport rate decreases exponentially with increasing *** wind speed and particle size determine saltation *** particles and stronger winds provide the particles with a higher kinetic energy as they collide with the *** the wind zones of Baili and Yandun,the analysed study areas,the saltation layer height of wind-blown sand/gravel exceeds 3 and 2 m,respectively.(3)Based on the above findings,recently emerging sand control materials,suitable for the areas of interest,were screened and ***,under the proposed principle of‘supplementing blocking with trapping’,a comprehensive sand control measure was established,featuring sandblocking belts comprised of multiple rows,and high,vertical sand-trapping installations with a large grids *** installed system showed a high efficacy,reducing sand transport rate by 87.87%and significantly decreasing the deposition of sand along a trial section of the HSR.

关键词： Gobi areas with extremely strong winds Wind-blown sand hazards Complex terrain Sand/gravel flow Wind-blown sand control

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Abrasive Jet Surface Pretreatment Equipment

Abrasive Jet Surface Pretreatment Equipment

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2011 International Conference on Materials for Renewable Energy & Environment(ICMREE 2011)

作者： Lihong liu Zhanni Li Hanbing Cao benli liu School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Anhui Huainan 232001 P.R.China

This paper introduces the pretreatment equipment before anticorrosion for the metal structure piece,which adopts premixed abrasive jet ***,working principles, and main technological parameters of the equipment have been *** has been analyzed how to determine mixing chamber *** derusting experiment,basic jet parameters that influence the performance of derusting are investigated. Suitable parameters have been *** practical derusting application for the metal structure piece has been *** results show that the equipment is characterized by its high derusting efficiency（as high as 20m2/h）,good derusting quality （as good as GB8923-88 Sa 2.5）,and low specific power consumption（about 0.3kw·h/m2）.So it is a type of high efficiency pretreatment equipment.

关键词： pretreatment anticorrosion premixed abrasive jet derusting

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