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Concurrent chemoradiation for high-risk prostate cancer

World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015年第4期6卷 35-42页

作者： benjamin t cooper Nicholas J Sanfilippo Department of Radiation Oncology New York University School of Medicine

there are estimated to be 220800 cases of prostate cancer diagnosed in 2015, making up 26% of all cancer diagnoses. Fortunately, adenocarcinoma of the prostate is often a highly treatable malignancy. Even though the majority of prostate cancer patients present with localized disease, prostate cancer still accounts for over 27000 deaths a year. there is a subset of patients thatare likely to recur after locoregional treatment that is thought of as a "high-risk" population. this more aggressive subset includes patients with clinical stage greater than t2 b, Gleason score greater than 7, and prostate specific antigen greater than 20 ng/d L. the rate of biochemical relapse in this high risk group is 32%-70% within five years of definitive focal therapy. Given these discouraging outcomes, attempts have been made to improve cure rates by radiation dose escalation, addition of androgen depravation therapy, and addition of chemotherapy either sequentially or concurrently with radiation. One method that has been shown to improve clinical outcomes is the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy for definitive treatment. Concurrent chemoradiation with 5-fluorouracil, estramustine phosphate, vincristine, docetaxel, and paclitaxel has been studied in the phase I and/or II setting. these trials have identified the maximum tolerated dose of chemotherapy and radiation that can be safely delivered concurrently and established the safety and feasibility of this technique. this review will focus on the addition of concurrent chemotherapy to radiotherapy in the definitive management of high-risk prostate cancer.

关键词： Prostate cancer Chemoradiation Highrisk prostate cancer Concurrent chemotherapy Chemotherapy Intensity modulated radiation therapy

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Androgens and prostate disease

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 248-255,I0009页

作者： Lori A cooper Stephanie t Page Departments of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Washington Seattle University of Washington and Harborview Medical Center Seattle Washington USA.

A growing body of literature has established the anabolic benefits of testosterone （t） therapy in hypogonadal men. However, there remains a paucity of data regarding the risks of exogenous androgen use in older men and the potential for adverse effects on the prostate gland. Whether t therapy in older, hypogonadal men might worsen lower urinary tract symptoms or exacerbate, unmask, or even incite prostate cancer development has tempered enthusiasm for t therapy, while known prostatic disease has served as a relative contraindication to t therapy. Androgens are necessary for the development and maintenance of the prostate gland. However, epidemiologic studies do not consistently find a positive relationship between endogenous serum androgen concentrations and the risk of prostate disease. Recent data demonstrate that 5α-reductase inhibitors decrease the risk of low-grade prostate cancer, suggesting that modifying androgen metabolism may have beneficial effects on prostate health, yet similar reductions in high-grade disease have not been observed, thereby questioning the true clinical benefits of these agents for chemoprevention. Knowing how to best investigate the relationship between androgens and the development of prostate disease given the lack of large, randomized trials is difficult. Accumulating data challenges the assumption that alterations in serum androgens have parallel effects within the prostate hormonal environment or change androgen-regulated processes within the gland. Long-term intervention studies are needed to truly ascertain the effects of androgen manipulation on prostate tissue and disease risk. However, available data do not support the notion that restoring serum androgens to normal physiologic ranges drives prostate disease.

关键词： androgens male hypogonadism prostate testosterone

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Do the benefits outweigh the side effects of colorectal cancer surveillance? A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2014年第5期6卷 104-111页

作者： Knut Magne Augestad Johnie Rose benjamin Crawshaw Gregory cooper Conor Delaney Department of Colorectal Surgery University Hospitals Case Medical Center Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery University Hospital North Norway Norwegian National Center of Integrated Care and telemedicine Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Gregory cooper Department of Gastroenterology University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Gastroenterology University Hospitals Case Medical Center

Most patients treated with curative intent for colorectal cancer(CRC) are included in a follow-up program involving periodic evaluations. the survival benefits of a follow-up program are well delineated, and previous meta-analyses have suggested an overall survival improvement of 5%-10% by intensive follow-up. However, in a recent randomized trial, there was no survival benefit when a minimal vs an intensive follow-up program was compared. Less is known about the potential side effects of follow-up. Well-known side effects of preventive programs are those of somatic complications caused by testing, negative psychological conse-quences of follow-up itself, and the downstream impact of false positive or false negative tests. Accordingly, the potential survival benefits of CRC follow-up must be weighed against these potential negatives. the present review compares the benefits and side effects of CRC follow-up, and we propose future areas for research.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Follow-up Surveillance False positive Cancer survivorship

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Underpad weight to estimate urine output in adult patients with urinary incontinence

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第2期12卷 189-190页

作者： benjamin t Galen Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hospital Medicine Suite 2-76 1825 East-chester Road Bronx NY 10461 USA.

to the Editor Monitoring urine output remains essential to the care of adult patients admitted to the hospital. In acute, decompen- sated heart failure, ongoing assessment of urine output is required to adjust diuretic dosing in keeping with current recommendations for hospitalized patients, In patients with acute kidney injury, assessment of urine output is essential for diagnosis and management. the diagnosis of circulatory shock is supported by renal hypoperfusion as measured by low urine output. Indwelling urinary cathe- ters are routinely used for the ＂strict＂ monitoring of urine output, which is an accepted indication.

关键词： Heart failure: Urinary catheters Urine output

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A short note on how tied fights affect cortisol levels

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 324-326页

作者： Edwin L.cooper Kathy t.NGO Department of Neurobiology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Previous work exploring the interrelationships between sex steroids(***,testosterones and 11-ketotestosterones)and social behavior in teleosts suggest that mirror-elicited aggression in cichlid fish may not trigger a hormonal *** the Mozambique tilapia(Oreochromis mossambicus)to analyze immune responses as a result of social stress,we measured levels of cortisol and melatonin using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)*** this work,we demonstrated that cortisol concentrations are significantly lower yet the levels of melatonin remain unchanged in tilapia that are fighting their mirror *** results suggested that in tied fights,certain hormone levels remain unchanged(***)due to the lack of melatonin induction.

关键词： cortisol hormone level melatonin social stress tilapia

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Non-Uniformity and Generalised Sacks Splitting

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2002年第2期18卷 327-334页

作者： cooper S.Barry Department of Pure Mathematics School of Mathematics University of Leeds Leeds UK Institute of Software Chines Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China

We show that there do not exist computable fimetions f_1(e,i).f_2(e,i).g_1(e,i),g_2(e,i)such that for all e,i ∈ω, (1)(W_(f_1)(e,i)-W_(f_2)(e,i))≤t(W_e-W_1): (2)(W_(g_1)(e,i)-W_(g_2)(e,i))≤t(W_e-W_i): (3)(W_w-W_i)≤t(W_(f_1)(e,i)-W_(f_2)(e,i))⊕(W_(g_1)(e,i)-W_(g_2)(e,i)): (4)(W_e-W_i)t(W_(f_1)(e,i)-W_(f_2)(e,i))uuless(W_e-W_i)≤t:and (5)(W_e-W_i)t(E_(g_1)(e,i)-W_(g_2)(e,i))unless(W_w-W_i)≤t. It follows that the splitting theorems of Sacks and cooper cannot be combined uniformly.

关键词： Computably enumerable(c.e.) Difference of computably enumerable sets(d.c.e.,or 2-c.e.) turing degrees Splitting and nonsplitting

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the hamster egg penetration test may decrease intracytoplasmic sperm injection utilization while maintaining high conventional fertilization rates

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第1期23卷 11-15页

作者： Yetunde Ibrahim Brett Einerson Douglas t Carrell benjamin R Emery Erica Johnstone Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of UtahSchool of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of UtahSchool of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Division of Urology Department of SurgeryUniversity of UtahSchool of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Department of Human Genetics University of UtahSchool of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA

this was a cohort study of in vitro fertilization(IVF)subjects at the University of Utah,Salt Lake City(Ut,USA)utilizing partner *** where both the hamster egg penetration test(HEPt)and semen analysis were performed within 2 years prior to IVF cycles were stratified into four groups based on a normal or an abnormal HEPt and *** mean conventional and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)fertilization rates were calculated in each *** performed a univariate analysis on the primary outcome comparing clinically interesting *** performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of a policy of HEPt versus universal ICSI in couples with an abnormal *** patients with a normal HEPt,there was no difference in the mean conventional fertilization rates between those with a normal and an abnormal *** was no difference in the mean conventional fertilization rates between subjects with a normal morphology without a hamster test and those with a normal HEPt without a morphology *** 1000 simulated cycles with an abnormal morphology,a policy of HEPt was cost saving compared to universal ICSI,yet produced similar fertilization *** HEPt is similar to the World Health Organization edition 5(WHO-5)morphology in predicting successful conventional fertilization while allowing decreased utilization of ICSI.A policy of HEPt for males with abnormal morphology saves cost in selecting couples for a fertilization method.

关键词： conventional fertilization hamster egg penetration test intracytoplasmic sperm injection semen analysis sperm penetration assay

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the role of melatonin receptor 1B gene(MtNR1B)in the susceptibility to depression and type 2 diabetes comorbidity

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 113-115页

作者： Mutaz Amin benjamin Rafla Rongling Wu teodor t.Postolache Cclaudia Gragnoli INSERM US14-OrphanetParis 75014France Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of MedicineAl-Neelain UniversityKhartoum 11121Sudan Division of Endocrinology Department of MedicineCreighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68124USA Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Department of Statistics Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Mood and Anxiety Program Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201USA Rocky Mountain Mental llness Research Education and Clinical Center(MIRECC) Veterans Integrated Service Network(VISN)19Military and Veteran Microbiome:Consortium for Research and Education(MVM-CoRE)DenverCO 80246USA Mental Ilness Research Education and Clinical Center(MIRECC) Veterans Integrated Service Network(VISN)5VA Capitol Health Care NetworkBaltimoreMD 21090USA Molecular Biology Laboratory Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health CenterRome00197Italy

Melatonin is an endogenous monoamine hormone secreted by the pineal *** signaling has been shown to play a role in circadian rhythm regulation,lipid and glucose metabolism,and obesity,and it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant *** melatonin receptor 1B gene(MtNR1B)is expressed in,among other tissues,the brain and pancreatic beta cells,and risk variants for t2D have been reported as impairing early insulin secretion and increasing fasting glucose levels.^(1) Variants in the MtNR1B gene also have been reported in patients with depression(MDD).

关键词： MtNR1B metabolism properties.

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Wheat Ear Segmentation Based on a Multisensor System and Superpixel Classification

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Plant Phenomics 2022年第1期4卷 409-418页

作者： Alexis Carlier Sebastien Dandrifosse benjamin Dumont Benoit Mercatoris Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges TERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of Liège5030 GemblouxBelgium Plant Sciences TERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of Liège5030 GemblouxBelgium

the automatic segmentation of ears in wheat canopy images is an important step to measure ear density or extract relevant plant traits separately for the different *** deep learning algorithms appear as promising tools to accurately detect ears in a wide diversity of ***,they remain complicated to implement and necessitate a huge training *** paper is aimed at proposing an easy and quick to train and robust alternative to segment wheat ears from heading to maturity growth stage.

关键词： Wheat heading maturity

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Object-Based Method Outperforms Per-Pixel Method for Land Cover Classification in a Protected Area of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest Region

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Pedosphere 2013年第3期23卷 290-297页

作者： t.RIttL M.cooper R.J.HECK M.V.R.BALLEStER Department of Soil Quality University of Wageningen Department of Soil Science University of So Paulo School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) University of So Paulo

Conventional image classification based on pixels hinders the possibilities to obtain information contained in images, while modern object-based classification methods increase the acquisition of information about the object and the context in which it is inserted in the image. the objective of this study was to investigate the performance of different classification methods for land cover mapping in the vicinity of the Alto Ribeira tourist State Park, a Brazilian Atlantic rainforest area. two classification methods were tested, including i） a hybrid per-pixel classification using the image processing software ERDAS Imagine version 9.1 and ii） an object-based classification using the software eCognition version 5. In the first method, six different classes were established, while in the second method, another two classes were established in addition to the six classes in the first method. Accuracy assessment of the classification results presented showed that the object-based classification with a Kappa index value of 0.8687 outperformed the per-pixel classification with a Kappa index value of 0.2224. Application of the user＇s knowledge during the object-based classification process achieved the desired quality; therefore, the use of inter-relationships between objects, superelasses, subclasses, and neighboring classes were critical to improving the efficiency of land cover classification.

关键词： accuracy assessment image classification Kappa index user's knowledge

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