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factors Associated with Accessing ICDS Services among Women in Rural Rajasthan, India

Health 2018年第10期10卷 1271-1282页

作者： Siena f. Davis Hannah E. Payne Cassidy A. Hine Bobbi L. Gray benjamin T. Crookston Department of Public Health Brigham Young University Provo UT USA freedom from Hunger Davis CA USA

Background: The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme, launched in 1975 by the Government of India, provides various health services to children and their mothers at ICDS centres. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand 1) the extent to which women living in Rajasthan, India utilize services provided by ICDS centres and 2) the factors that are associated with their use. Methods: freedom from Hunger and freedom from Hunger India Trust, in collaboration with two local partners in Rajasthan, India, conducted a baseline assessment with 403 pregnant women and women with young children belonging to self-help groups to compare use of ICDS centres with key demographic variables and measures of poverty, food security and nutrition, curative care related to diarrhea, coping strategies, and household decision-making. Results: The results revealed that households that accessed ICDS services were more likely to report receiving nutrition information from ICDS centres, to purchase ORS in the last year, and to give oral rehydration solution (ORS) to children who had diarrhea. Women who decide how much food to serve each family member or spend money without discussing it first with someone else were more likely to receive benefits from ICDS centres. Those who spoke with their spouse about household nutrition needs were less likely to report accessing ICDS services. Conclusion: Interventions aimed at increasing utilization of ICDS centres in this region may find it beneficial to increase female participation in health care decisions, likely through spousal communication and gender relations.

关键词： India Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme Anganwadi Centres Maternal Health Child Health

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A machine vision tool for facilitating the optimization of large-area perovskite photovoltaics

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1764-1773页

作者： Nina Taherimakhsousi Mathilde fievez benjamin P.MacLeod Edward P.Booker Emmanuelle fayard Muriel Matheron Matthieu Manceau Stéphane Cros Solenn Berson Curtis P.Berlinguette Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia2036 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z1Canada Univ.Grenoble Alpes CEALITENCampus Ines73375 Le Bourget du LacFrance Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute The University of British Columbia2355 East MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Ottawa800 King Edward AvenueOttawaON K1N 6N5USA Department of Chemical&Biological Engineering The University of British Columbia2360 East MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z3Canada Canadian Institute for Advanced Research(CIfAR) MaRS Innovation Centre661 University Avenue Suite 505M5G 1M1 TorontoONCanada

We report a fast,reliable and non-destructive method for quantifying the homogeneity of perovskite thin films over large areas using machine *** adapt existing machine vision algorithms to spatially quantify multiple perovskite film properties(substrate coverage,film thickness,defect density)with pixel resolution from pictures of 25 cm2 *** machine vision tool—called PerovskiteVision—can be combined with an optical model to predict photovoltaic cell and module current density from the perovskite film *** use the measured film properties and predicted device current density to identify a posteriori the process conditions that simultaneously maximize the device performance and the manufacturing throughput for large-area perovskite deposition using gas-knife assisted slot-die *** thus facilitates the transfer of a new deposition process to large-scale photovoltaic module *** work shows how machine vision can accelerate slow characterization steps essential for the multi-objective optimization of thin film deposition processes.

关键词： optimization perovskite film

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Trained laser-patterned carbon as high-performance mechanical sensors

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npj flexible Electronics 2022年第1期6卷 36-44页

作者： Marco Hepp Huize Wang Katharina Derr Simon Delacroix Sebastian Ronneberger felix f.Loeffler benjamin Butz Volker Strauss Micro‐and Nanoanalytics Group University of SiegenPaul‐Bonatz Str.9–11Siegen 57076Germany Max Planck Institut für Kolloid-und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 114476 PotsdamGermany LPICM CNRS UMR 7647Ecole polytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseau 91128France

We describe the mechanical properties of turbostratically graphitized carbon films obtained by carbon laser-patterning(CLaP)and their application as bending or mechanical pressure *** conductive carbonized films were imprinted on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate by laser-induced *** initial gentle bending,***,these spongelike porous films show a quantitative and reversible change in resistance upon bending or application of pressure in normal loading *** response values ofΔR/R0=388%upon positive bending(tensile stress)and−22.9%upon negative bending(compression)are implicit for their high sensitivity towards mechanical *** mechanical loading in a range between 0 and 500 kPa causes a response betweenΔR/R_(0)=0 and−15%.The reversible increase or decrease in resistance is attributed to compression or tension of the turbostratically graphitized domains,*** mechanism is supported by a detailed microstructural and chemical high-resolution transmission electron microscopic analysis of the cross-section of the laserpatterned carbon.

关键词： resistance bending carbon

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Entropy, Biological Evolution and the Psychological Arrow of Time

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第2期7卷 228-236页

作者： Torsten Heinrich benjamin Knopp Heinrich Päs Institute for Institutional and Innovation Economics University of Bremen Bremen Germany fachbereich Physik AG Neurophysik Philipps-Universit&#228 t Marburg Marburg Germany fakultä t für Physik Technische Universit&#228 t Dortmund Dortmund Germany

We argue that in Universes where future and past differ only by the entropy content a psychological arrow of time pointing in the direction of entropy increase can arise from natural selection in biological evolution. We show that this effect can be demonstrated in very simple toy computer simulations of evolution in an entropy increasing or decreasing environment.

关键词： Arrow of Time Time Asymmetry Entropy Evolution

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Gold grade variation and stream sediment geochemistry of the Vaimba-Lidi drainage system, northern Cameroon (West Africa)

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Natural Science 2013年第2期5卷 282-290页

作者： Victor f. Embui benjamin O. Omang Vivian B. Che Melvin T. Nforba Emmanuel C. Suh Department of Earth Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Mineral Resource Engineering Technology Federal Polytechnic Auchi Auchi Nigeria Economic Geology Unit Department of Geology University of Buea Buea Cameroon Remote Sensing Unit Department of Geology University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Stream sediment geochemistry remains a versatile tool in exploration especially in regions where knowledge of the primary mineralization is lacking and the exploration activities are still at reconnaissance stage. In this study, we investigate the concentrations of gold and associated elements in stream sediment samples from the Vaimba-Lidi drainage system in northern Cameroon;a relatively remote area where alluvial gold is worked locally, and exploration activities are at early stage. The main river and its principal first and second order tributaries were sampled, panned for gold grain recovery and the 100 μm size fraction analyzed for Au by fire assay with Ni finish. A suite of other elements were analyzed for by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Gold grades estimated by the panning and weighing technique rarely exceed1 g/t while the Au concentrations from chemical analysis range from 3.0 to 354.0 ppm. The spatial distribution of gold and all the other elements are presented as point symbol maps and the data analyzed using multivariate statistics. from the principal component analysis (PCA), the As-Mo-W-Ag as well as the Au-Zn factors point to the presence of primary hydrothermal gold-sulphide mineralization in the area and this can be further investigated. These results highlight the importance of multielement analysis and multivariate statistical interpretation of sediment geochemical data in inferring the nature of the underlying primary mineralization in any region.

关键词： Gold Grade Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Geochemistry Stream Sediments Cameroon

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城市水环境健康风险评价

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地理与地理信息科学 2009年第2期25卷 94-98页

作者：邹滨曾永年 benjamin f.Zhan 杨令宾张鸿辉中南大学信息物理工程学院湖南长沙410083 Texas Center for Geographical Information Science Texas State UniversityTX San Marcos 78666USA 东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院吉林长春130024

传统的水质化学监测等级评价体系能够客观反映水体的污染物水平,但无法直接反映水体污染物对人体健康的潜在危害。利用美国环境保护署(***)提出的水质健康风险评价模型,评价某市2001-2005年5个水质监测站周围水体中所含污染物对人体健... 详细信息

传统的水质化学监测等级评价体系能够客观反映水体的污染物水平,但无法直接反映水体污染物对人体健康的潜在危害。利用美国环境保护署(***)提出的水质健康风险评价模型,评价某市2001-2005年5个水质监测站周围水体中所含污染物对人体健康潜在危害的时空差异和源特征。结果表明,该市水体中所含污染物对人体健康潜在危害较大,72%的水质监测样本对人体健康潜在危害超过了国际辐射委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受限值5.0×10-5a-1;水体污染主要发生在2001年、2003年和2005年,且主要集中在1#和2#水质监测站周围地区;化学致癌物是该市水体中危害人体健康的主要风险来源,各污染物对人体健康危害的风险度排序为:As>Cr+6>Cd;水体中非致癌污染物风险度排序为:f>Pb>Cu>NH3-N>Hg>CN-1>酚,在研究期内未对暴露人群构成明显的健康危害。水环境健康风险评价模型较传统的水质等级评价体系能够更直观地表征水体中各污染物对人体健康的潜在危害,有利于明确水体污染物治理的优先顺序,为水环境管理提供科学依据。

关键词：水污染水质人体健康风险评价环境管理

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High efficacy of chlorfenapyr-based net Interceptor■G2 against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors from Cameroon

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 1-16页

作者： Magellan Tchouakui Riccado f.Thiomela Elysee Nchoutpouen benjamin D.Menze Cyrille Ndo Dorothy Achu Raymond N.Tabue flobert Njiokou Ateba Joel Charles S.Wondji Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases(CRID) P.O.Box 13501YaoundéCameroon Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaoundé1P.O.Box 812YaoundéCameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 24157DoualaCameroon Ministry of Public Health National Malaria Control ProgrammeP.O.Box 14386YaoundeCameroon Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpoolL35QAUK International Institute of Tropical Agriculture(IITA) P.O.Box 2008YaoundéCameroon

Background The increasing reports of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides associated with reduced efficacy of pyrethroid-only interventions highlight the urgency of introducing new non-pyrethroid-only control ***,we investigated the performance of piperonyl-butoxide(PBO)-pyrethroid[Permanet 3.0(P3.0)]and dual active ingredients(AI)nets[Interceptor G2(IG2):containing pyrethroids and chlorfenapyr and Royal Guard(RG):containing pyrethroids and pyriproxyfen]compared to pyrethroid-only net Royal Sentry(RS)against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in *** The efficacy of these tools was firstly evaluated onAnopheles gambiae *** funestus *** Gounougou,Mibellon,Mangoum,Nkolondom,and Elende using cone/tunnel *** addition,experimental hut trials(EHT)were performed to evaluate the performance of unwashed and 20 times washed nets in semi-field ***,pyrethroid-resistant markers were genotyped in dead vs alive,blood-fed vs unfed mosquitoes after exposure to the nets to evaluate the impact of these markers on net *** XLSTAT software was used to calculate the various entomological outcomes and the Chi-square test was used to compare the efficacy of various *** odds ratio and fisher exact test were then used to establish the statistical significance of any association between insecticide resistance markers and bed net *** Interceptor G2 was the most effective net against wild *** followed by Permanet *** EHT,this net induced up to 87.8%mortality[95%confidence interval(CI):83.5-92.1%)and 55.6%(95%CI:48.5-62.7%)after 20 washes whilst unwashed pyrethroid-only net(Royal Sentry)killed just 18.2%(95%CI:13.4-22.9%)of *** unwashed Permanet 3.0 killed up to 53.8%(95%CI:44.3-63.4%)of field-resistant mosquitoes and 47.2%(95%CI:37.7-56.7%)when washed 20 times,and the Royal Guard 13.2%(95%CI:9.0-17.3%)for unwashed net and 8.5%(95%CI:5.7-11.4%)for t

关键词： Malaria Anopheles Insecticide resistance Dual active ingredient nets Interceptor G2

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Development of a highly-specific ^(18)f-labeled irreversible positron emission tomography tracer for monoacylglycerol lipase mapping

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第6期11卷 1686-1695页

作者： Zhen Chen Wakana Mori Jian Rong Michael A.Schafroth Tuo Shao Richard S.Van Daisuke Ogasawara Tomoteru Yamasaki Atsuto Hiraishi Akiko Hatori Jiahui Chen Yiding Zhang Kuan Hu Masayuki fujinaga Jiyun Sun Qingzhen Yu Thomas L.Collier Yihan Shao benjamin f.Cravatt Lee Josephson Ming-Rong Zhang Steven H.Liang Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital&Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences National Institute of Radiological SciencesNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and TechnologyChiba 263-8555Japan The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA 92037USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA

As a serine hydrolase,monoacylglycerol lipase(MAGL) is principally responsible for the metabolism of 2-arachidonoylglycerol(2-AG) in the central nervous system(CNS),leading to the formation of arachidonic acid(AA).Dysfunction of MAGL has been associated with multiple CNS disorders and symptoms,including neuroinflammation,cognitive impairment,epileptogenesis,nociception and neurodegenerative *** of MAGL provides a promising therapeutic direction for the treatment of these conditions,and a MAGL positron emission tomography(PET) probe would greatly facilitate preclinical and clinical development of MAGL ***,we design and synthesize a small library of fluoropyridyl-containing MAGL inhibitor *** evaluation of these candidates by activity-based protein profiling identified 14 as a lead compound,which was then radiolabeled with fluorine-18 via a facile SNAr reaction to form 2-[^(18)f]fluoropyridine *** blood-brain barrier permeability and high in vivo specific binding was demonstrated for radioligand [^(18)f]14(also named as [^(18)f]MAGL-1902).This work may serve as a roadmap for clinical translation and further design of potent 18f-labeled MAGL PET tracers.

关键词： Monoacylglycerol lipase(MAGL) Central nervous system(CNS) 2-Arachidonylglycerol(2-AG) Arachidonic acid(AA) Positron emission tomography(PET) fluorine-18

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Uncertainty Propagation of Structural Computation for fatigue Assessment

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2022年第4期21卷 55-66页

作者： Ludovic Mell Valentine Rey franck Schoefs benjamin Rocher Nantes Université École Centrale NantesCNRSGeMUMR 6183F-44000 NantesFrance Chantiers de l’Atlantique Avenue Bourdelle-CS90180St-Nazaire CEDEX 44613France

Offshore wind substations are subjected to uncertain loads from waves,wind and *** states are composed of irregular waves which statistics are usually *** loads may induce fatigue failure of some structural components of the *** combining fatigue damage computed through numerical simulations for each sea state endured by the structure,it is possible to assess fatigue failure of the structure over the whole deployment ***,the influence of the discretization error on the fatigue damage is rarely *** is possible to estimate the discretization error on the quantity of interest computed at the structural detail suspected to ***,the relation between this local quantity of interest and the fatigue damage is *** this paper,a method that allows propagating error bounds towards fatigue damage is *** increasing computational burden,computing discretization error bounds is a useful output of finite element *** can be utilized to either validate mesh choice or guide remeshing in case where potential error on the fatigue damage is too *** method is applied to an offshore wind substation developped by Chantiers de l’Atlantique using two discretization error estimators in a single sea state.

关键词： Offshore wind turbines Uncertainty propagation fatigue damage Discretization error

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Endoscopic full-thickness resection: current status

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第31期21卷 9273-9285页

作者： Arthur Schmidt benjamin Meier Karel Caca Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology

Conventional endoscopic resection techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection are powerful tools for treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasms. However,those techniques are restricted to superficial layers of the gastrointestinal wall. Endoscopic full-thickness resection(EfTR) is an evolving technique,which is just about to enter clinical routine. It is not only a powerful tool for diagnostic tissue acquisition but also has the potential to spare surgical therapy in selected patients. This review will give an overview about current EfTR techniques and devices.

关键词： Endoscopic full-thickness resection Over-the-scope

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