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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 239-246页

作者： Prince K.KALEME John BATES Julian Kerbis PETErANS Mwanga M.JACQUES benjamin r.ndara Laboratory of Mammalogy Biology DepartmentCRSN LwiroBukavuDR Congo Zoology Department the Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoUSA

We conducted a study on diversity and habitat requirements of small mammals in the western part of the Albertinerift, eastern Democratic republic of Congo. The work aimed at providing a more complete list of species recordedto date and their habitat requirements to aid conservation efforts in the region. Trapping was conducted usingMuseum special, Victor traps, Sherman live traps and pitfall traps in four different habitats. A total of 57 specieswas recorded. Plantations and open habitats harbored the same species. In the forested areas we recorded 30 specieswhich are not tolerant to disturbance. Eighteen species are Albertine rift endemics. One species (Lophuromyscinereus), which is vulnerable and data deficient, has been recorded only in swamp. This study has recorded morespecies than the previous studies, some of which have not been reported in earlier studies. Differences between thisand earlier studies are attributed to methods and the areas sampled. Some of the habitats sampled by previousworkers have not been assessed. More research is needed, especially in swamps in mountain areas and in deepforests inhabited by species not present at lower altitudes.

关键词： diversity habitat requirements Kahuzi-Biega small mammal

Spastin and alsin protein interactome analyses begin to reveal key canonical pathways and suggest novel druggable targets

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 725-739页

作者： benjamin r.Helmold Angela Ahrens Zachary Fitzgerald P.Hande Ozdinler Department of Neurology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Center for Developmental TherapeuticsChemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Feinberg School of Medicine Les Turner ALS Center at Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Developing effective and long-term treatment strategies for rare and complex neurodegenerative diseases is challenging. One of the major roadblocks is the extensive heterogeneity among patients. This hinders understanding the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and building solutions that have implications for a broad spectrum of patients. One potential solution is to develop personalized medicine approaches based on strategies that target the most prevalent cellular events that are perturbed in patients. Especially in patients with a known genetic mutation, it may be possible to understand how these mutations contribute to problems that lead to neurodegeneration. Protein–protein interaction analyses offer great advantages for revealing how proteins interact, which cellular events are primarily involved in these interactions, and how they become affected when key genes are mutated in patients. This line of investigation also suggests novel druggable targets for patients with different mutations. Here, we focus on alsin and spastin, two proteins that are identified as “causative” for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia, respectively, when mutated. Our review analyzes the protein interactome for alsin and spastin, the canonical pathways that are primarily important for each protein domain, as well as compounds that are either Food and Drug Administration–approved or are in active clinical trials concerning the affected cellular pathways. This line of research begins to pave the way for personalized medicine approaches that are desperately needed for rare neurodegenerative diseases that are complex and heterogeneous.

关键词： ALS2 alsin amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hereditary spastic paraplegia neurodegenerative diseases personalized medicine precision medicine protein interactome protein-protein interactions SPAST spastin

Matrilinear hierarchy in the American black bear (Ursus americanus)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 139-155页

作者： benjamin KILHAM James r.SPOTILA Kilham Bear Center LymeNew HampshireUSA Department of Biodiversity Earth and Environmental ScienceDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

The American black bear(Ursus americanus)was long thought to be solitary and its social organization has not been well ***,we present new data on black bear social *** objectives of the study were to make detailed observations of the behavior of wild black bears to determine their social interactions and *** tested whether black bears interacted socially beyond mating and competing for resources,if black bears tracked relationships and interacted regularly even when resources were not limited,and whether the social structure of a population of black bears was based on a matrilinear *** collected data by direct observation of bears from 1993 to *** of 1210 social interactions at a provisioning site indicated that females compete and form matrilinear *** bears established a hierarchy for food,control of space,and control of younger *** interaction scent marking took place,which suggested that dominant females were conditioning subordinates to their scent *** behavior occurred between related and unrelated bears and helped to establish the social structure of the bear *** on our data,human–bear conflicts can be reduced by behavioral modifications by humans when they encounter *** of bear behavior and the matrilinear hierarchy provide a basis for non-lethal management of bears that find themselves in a bear–human conflict situation.

关键词： bear matrilinear hierarchy New Hampshire rank social behavior Ursus

Are we Athens or Florence? COVID-19 in historical context

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第1期9卷 43-45页

作者： benjamin r Doolittle Internal Medicine&Pediatrics Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA

We have been here *** 430 BCE,a plague struck Athens,killing as much as 25%of the *** 1347 CE,the bubonic plague afflicted western Europe for 4 years,killing as much as 50%of the *** plague of Athens led to a collapse of their religion,cultural norms and *** contrast,the bubonic plague led eventually to the renaissance,a growth of art,science and *** we contend with the COVID-19 global pandemic,will we become Athens or Florence?

关键词： population. eventually renaissance

Wild dogma： An examination of recent ＂evidence＂ for dingo regulation of invasive mesopredator release in Australia

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 568-583页

作者： benjamin L. ALLEN richard M. ENGEMAN Lee r. ALLEN The University of Queensland School of Animal Studies Warrego Highway Gatton QLD 4343 National Wildlife research Centre 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA （Richard.M.Engeman@aphis.usda.gov） Biosecurity Queensland Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre Tor Street Toowoomba QLD 4350 （Lee.Allen@deedi.qld.gov.au）

There is growing interest in the role that apex predators play in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining tro- phic cascades. In line with the mesopredator release hypothesis, Australian dingoes （Canis lupus dingo and hybrids） are assumed by many to regulate the abundance of invasive mesopredators, such as red foxes Vulpes vulpes and feral cats Fells catus, thereby providing indirect benefits to various threatened vertebrates. Several recent papers have claimed to provide evidence for the bio- diversity benefits of dingoes in this way. Nevertheless, in this paper we highlight several critical weaknesses in the methodologi- cal approaches used in many of these reports, including lack of consideration for seasonal and habitat differences in activity, the complication of simple track-based indices by incorporating difficult-to-meet assumptions, and a reduction in sensitivity for as-sessing populations by using binary measures rather than potentially continuous measures. Of the 20 studies reviewed, 15 of them （75%） contained serious methodological flaws, which may partly explain the inconclusive nature of the literature investigating interactions between invasive Australian predators. We therefore assert that most of the ＂growing body of evidence＂ for meso- predator release is merely an inconclusive growing body of literature only. We encourage those interested in studying the eco- logical roles of dingoes relative to invasive mesopredators and native prey species to account for the factors we identify, and cau- tion the value of studies that have not done so [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 568-583, 2011].

关键词： Activity index Apex predator Canis lupus dingo Experimental design Mesopredator release Sampling

Proposal for pathogenesis-based treatment options to reduce calcium oxalate stone recurrence

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第3期10卷 246-257页

作者： Saeed r.Khan benjamin K.Canales Department of Pathology Immunologyand Laboratory MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Urology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Objective:Prevalence of kidney stone disease continues to increase globally with recurrence rates between 30%and 50%despite technological and scientific *** in recurrence would improve patient outcomes and reduce cost and stone *** objective was to review results of experimental studies performed to determine the efficacy of readily available compounds that can be used to prevent ***: All relevant literature up to October 2020,listed in PubMed is ***: Clinical guidelines endorse the use of evidence-based medications,such as alkaline agents and thiazides,to reduce urinary mineral supersaturation and ***,there may be additional steps during stone pathogenesis where medications could moderate stone *** calcium oxalate stones grow attached to randall’s plaques or *** of clinical and experimental studies suggest involvement of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the formation of both the plaques and *** renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(rAAS),nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)oxidase,mitochondria,and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing-3(NLrP3)inflammasome have all been implicated at specific steps during stone pathogenesis in animal ***: In addition to supersaturation-reducing therapies,the use of anti-oxidants,free radical scavengers,and inhibitors of NADPH oxidase,NLrP3 inflammasome,and rAAS may prove beneficial for stone *** such as statins and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are already in use as therapeutics for hypertension and cardio-vascular disease and have previously shown to reduce calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in *** clinical evidence for their use in stone prevention in humans is limited,experimental data support they be considered along with standard evidence-based medications and clinical expertise when patients are being counselled for stone prevention.

关键词： Kidney stones Calcium oxalate Inflammation Inflammasome Supersaturation reactive oxygen species Oxidative stress

Techniques to resect the distal ureter in robotic/laparoscopic nephroureterectomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第3期3卷 120-125页

作者： Weil r.Lai benjamin r.Lee Department of Urology Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA Division of Urology University of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonAZUSA

Treatment of clinically-organ confined high grade urothelial carcinoma of the upper tract has historically comprised open nephroureterectomy,with the distal ureter and bladder cuff mobilized through a separate open pelvic *** decrease morbidity,urologists have increasingly adopted laparoscopy and robotics in performing *** many published series of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy,the distal ureter and bladder cuff are detached from the bladder endoscopically by a variation of the“pluck”technique,with the resulting bladder defect left to heal by prolonged indwelling urethral catheter *** the distal ureter and bladder cuff can be excised laparoscopically,it does require advanced laparoscopic *** the wrist articulation and stereoscopic vision in robotic surgery,robotic nephroureterectomy(rNU)and bladder cuff excision can be performed in antegrade fashion to mimic the open technique together with the ability to intracorporeally close the bladder defect in a watertight,mucosa to mucosa fashion after excising the bladder *** this review,we discuss the published minimally invasive techniques in resecting the distal ureter and bladder cuff during laparoscopic and rNU.

关键词： Transitional cell carcinoma robotic nephroureterectomy Laparoscopy robotic surgical procedures Ureteral neoplasms

Morphology-based classifcation of the fying capacities of aquatic insects: A frst attempt

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Current Zoology 2024年第5期70卷 607-617页

作者： rémi Gerber Christophe Piscart Jean-Marc roussel benjamin Bergerot University of rennes CNRSECOBIO UMR 6553F-35042 RennesFrance DECOD(Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability) INRAEInstitut AgroIFREMERRennesFrance

Flight is a key feature of the reproduction and dispersal of emerging aquatic ***,morphological measurements of insect fight are mostly available for terrestrial taxa and dragonfies,while aquatic insects have been poorly *** analyzed 7 fight-related morphological parameters of 32 taxa belonging to 5 orders of emerging aquatic insects(Ephemeroptera,Trichoptera,Plecoptera,Diptera,and Megaloptera)with different life history traits related to fight(dispersal strategy,voltinism,adult lifespan,and swarming behavior).After correcting for allometry,we used an a priori-free approach to cluster the individuals according to their fight-related ***,we explored the levels of agreement between these clusters,taxonomy,and several life history traits of the *** orders were scattered among several clusters,suggesting a large range of fight capacities,particularly for *** found swarming taxa in each cluster,showing that morphological adaptations to swarming are not identical in all aquatic *** clusters did not match the expected dispersal capacity of the taxa as derived from the literature or *** wide-winged insects notably gathered taxa traditionally described as good or weak *** capacities based on morphology partly matched with the taxonomy and life-history traits of aquatic insect *** parameters such as fight propensity,energy stores,and wing kinematics should help refne their fying and dispersal capacity.

关键词： allometry dispersal fight freshwater wing

Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer’s disease

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第2期12卷 496-510页

作者： benjamin r.Troutwine Laylan Hamid Colton r.Lysaker Taylor A.Strope Heather M.Wilkins Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas CityKS 66160USA University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center Kansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA

Genetic variation in apolipoprotein E(APOE)influences Alzheimer’s disease(AD)***ε4 alleles are the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset sporadic *** AD risk is dose dependent,as those carrying one APOEε4 allele have a 2-3-fold increased risk,while those carrying twoε4 alleles have a 10-15-fold increased *** carrying APOEε2 alleles have lower AD risk and those carrying APOEε3 alleles have neutral *** is a lipoprotein which functions in lipid transport,metabolism,and inflammatory *** specific effects of APOE within the brain include alterations to Aβ,tau,neuroinflammation,and *** we review the association of APOE with AD,the APOE isoform specific effects within brain and periphery,and potential therapeutics.

关键词： Apolipoprotein E Alzheimer’s disease Mitochondria Neuroinflammation Amyloid beta Tau

The hamster egg penetration test may decrease intracytoplasmic sperm injection utilization while maintaining high conventional fertilization rates

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第1期23卷 11-15页

作者： Yetunde Ibrahim Brett Einerson Douglas T Carrell benjamin r Emery Erica Johnstone Division of reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of UtahSchool of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of UtahSchool of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Division of Urology Department of SurgeryUniversity of UtahSchool of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Department of Human Genetics University of UtahSchool of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA

This was a cohort study of in vitro fertilization(IVF)subjects at the University of Utah,Salt Lake City(UT,USA)utilizing partner *** where both the hamster egg penetration test(HEPT)and semen analysis were performed within 2 years prior to IVF cycles were stratified into four groups based on a normal or an abnormal HEPT and *** mean conventional and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)fertilization rates were calculated in each *** performed a univariate analysis on the primary outcome comparing clinically interesting *** performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of a policy of HEPT versus universal ICSI in couples with an abnormal *** patients with a normal HEPT,there was no difference in the mean conventional fertilization rates between those with a normal and an abnormal *** was no difference in the mean conventional fertilization rates between subjects with a normal morphology without a hamster test and those with a normal HEPT without a morphology *** 1000 simulated cycles with an abnormal morphology,a policy of HEPT was cost saving compared to universal ICSI,yet produced similar fertilization *** HEPT is similar to the World Health Organization edition 5(WHO-5)morphology in predicting successful conventional fertilization while allowing decreased utilization of ICSI.A policy of HEPT for males with abnormal morphology saves cost in selecting couples for a fertilization method.

关键词： conventional fertilization hamster egg penetration test intracytoplasmic sperm injection semen analysis sperm penetration assay