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Trace and rare earth element geochemistry of the black and grey shales of the Calabar Flank, Southeastern Nigeria: constraints on the depositional environment and the degree of metal enrichment

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第3期40卷 312-324页

作者： Christopher Iorfa Adamu benjamin odey omang Oluwaseye Peter Oyetade Otu Johnson Therese Ntonzi Nganje Department of Geology Faculty of Physical ScienceUniversity of CalabarCross River StateNigeria Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BeninEdo StateNigeria

This study focuses on the trace and rare earth elements(REE)geochemistry of the Nkporo and Ekenkpon Shales of the Calabar *** main aim is to infer their depositional environment and the degree of their metal *** shale samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass *** results indicated that the mean concentrations of K,Na,and Fe in Nkporo and Ekenkpon Shales are 1.45,0.4,and 4.17 wt%,and 1.11,0.44,and 5.42 wt%;*** Nkporo Shale is enriched with the following trace elements;P>Mn>Sr>Ba>Zn>Ce>Rb>Zr>V>Cr>Ni and depleted in the following trace elements;Ta>Ge>Sb>Bi>Cd>Ag>Te>In>*** the Ekenkpon Shale is enriched with the following trace elements;P>Mn>Ba>Sr>V>Ce>Zr>Rb>Cr>Zn>Ni and depleted in;Sb>Ge>Bi>Ag>Ce>Te>In>*** concentration of redox-sensitive elements such as V,Ni,Mo,U,Cu,Cr,Re,Cd,Sb,Ti,Mn,and their ratio V/Mo and U/Mo in the black and grey shale samples show different *** REE obtained from the Nkporo and Ekenkpon Shales were PAAS *** Nkporo Shale showed a slightly flat light rare-earth element(LREE),middle rare-earth element(MREE),and heavy rare earth element(HREE)pattern ***/Ce*ranges from 0.95 to 1.09 in Nkporo Shale and 0.67 to 1.40 in Ekenkpon *** Ekenkpon Shale showed a slight LREE,MREE enrichment,and depleted HREE *** Mn contents and U/Mo ratio in Nkporo and Ekenkpon Shales suggests a poor oxygen transitional *** V/Mo and V/(V+Ni)ratios indicated that the Nkporo shales were deposited in an anoxic to suboxic conditions and Ekenkpon shales were also deposited under an anoxic to suboxic *** V/Ni ratio indicated that the organic matter in the Nkporo shale is terrigenous while that of the Ekenkpon shales are both terrigenous and marine in origin.

关键词： Rare-earth elements(REE) Trace elements Calabar Flank Suboxic Anoxic

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Characterization of Kaolin Deposits in Okpella and Environs, Southern Nigeria

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International Journal of Geosciences 2019年第3期10卷 317-327页

作者： benjamin odey omang Ebenezer Agayina Kudamnya Ayodele Olumiyiwa Owolabi Joseph odey Emmanuel Ude Aniwetalu Thomas Agbor Ako Department of Geology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Mining Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Geological Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Geology Federal University of Technology Minna Minna Nigeria

Kaolin is one of the most important industrial minerals whose application is dependent on its structure and chemical composition. This study makes an attempt to explore and determine the origin of kaolin deposits within and around Okpella, as well as to investigate the mineralogical and chemical compositions using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method. These were carried out with the intention of determining the most suitable applications for the clay mineral. It was observed that major phases in the clay samples from the three different deposits are kaolinite, microcline, illite/mica, plagioclase/albite and quartz. These phases were observed in varied percentages. Samples from Ajego 2 show a marked absence of kaolinite but contain high concentration of plagioclase feldspar and quartz which permit its usage in the production of glass and iron industries. Further, the samples from Ajego 1 contain by far the highest concentration of kaolinite, while the samples from Anegha consist of kaolinite, a mixed layer of illite/mica, plagioclase, alkali feldspars, and albite which is necessary for producing mullite fibers in ceramic matrix at a temperature of around 1400°C and it is suitable in pigment production. The XRF result for Ajego2 and Anegha samples has Silica composition of 51.847 wt%, 32.540 wt% and 37.295 wt% respectively and an alumina content of 14.962 wt%, 29.834 wt% and 20.227 wt% respectively. The trace amount of some of the oxides such as K2O, TiO2, Fe2O3 and SnO2 can help in the beneficiation process.

关键词： Kaolin Mineral Characterization XRD XRF Okpella

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Regional Geochemical Stream Sediment Survey for Gold Exploration in the Upper Lom Basin, Eastern Cameroon

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第9期5卷 1012-1026页

作者： benjamin odey omang Che Vivian Bih Albert Nih Fon Victor Embui Cheo Emmanuel Suh Economic Geology Unit Department of Geology University of Buea Buea Cameroon Remote Sensing Unit Department of Geology University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Stream sediments are widely employed in reconnaissance exploration for gold especially in areas where outcrops are scarce and the overburden thick such as in the eastern Cameroon goldfields. In this study, 337 stream sediment samples were collected from the Lom river drainage basin. The study aims at identifying the main geological processes affecting the geochemical data from the sediments by considering the multi-elements relationships and spatial features of single elements. The samples were collected in duplicate. One set was panned, gold grains picked and weighed while the second set was wet sieved and the ≤100 microns size fraction retained. This fraction was eventually analyzed for gold by fire assay and a suite of elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Single element maps were constructed using ArcGIS and the relationship between elements measured using Pearson correlation and principal component analysis (PCA). Gold concentrations in the samples are erratic, most below the detection limit and attain a high of 450 ppm. Five factors are derived from the PCA including single element factors for As and Au reflecting bedrock-hosted mineralization. The Cu-Zn-Y-Nb-Pb factor suggests sulphide mineralization perhaps related to felsic intrusions while the Sr-Ba-La-Ce-Zr factor is linked to lithologic control. These results demonstrate the usefulness of multi-element analysis and data interpretation using GIS tools in the exploration efforts for gold worldwide.

关键词： Cameroon Gold Stream Sediments PCA ArcGIS

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